نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان، همدان، ایران.

2 استاد، گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان، همدان، ایران.

چکیده

برای بررسی پیامد کاربرد زغال گرمایی و زغال گرمابی فرآوری‌شده از مانده­های گیاه سیب­زمینی بر شناسه­های رشد گیاه لوبیا، اندازه کلروفیل و میکوریزایی‌شدن ریشه در تنش خشکی، پژوهشی با طرح اسپلیت‌پلات با سه تکرار در گلخانه دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا در سال 1396 انجام شد. کرت اصلی تنش خشکی با دو تیمار و کرت فرعی چهار تیمار بهساز از مانده­های گیاه سیب‌زمینی بود. کاربرد تنش خشکی و بهساز­های گوناگون بر شناسه­های رشدی گیاه، اندازه کلروفیل و میکوریزایی‌شدن ریشه پیامد چشم­گیر داشت. تنش خشکی مایه کاهش وزن خشک اندام هوایی و ریشه به‌ترتیب به اندازه 8/39 و 1/46 درصدشد، هم‌چنین اندازه کلروفیل a (6/52 درصد)، کلروفیل b (58 درصد)، کلروفیل کل (52/54 درصد) کاهش پیدا کرد. اگرچه گره­زایی ریزوبیوم­ها در تنش خشکی کاهش یافت، اما درصد میکوریزایی‌شدن ریشه­ها 2/19 درصد افزایش یافت. کاربرد بیوچار مایه افزایش همزیستی گیاه لوبیا با قارچ­های میکوریزی شد که در آن میکوریزایی‌شدن ریشه 34/11 درصد و فراوانی اسپورهای آن‌ها در خاک 5/50 درصد افزایش یافت.  رشد گیاه و سبزینه آن در خاک تیمارشده با مانده­های خام بیش‌ترین بود و مایه افزایش وزن خشک اندام هوایی (8/49 درصد) و اندازه کلروفیل a و b (54/3 و 8/36 درصد) شد. یافته­های این پژوهش نشان داد که از میان تیمار­های تهیه‌شده از اندام هوایی سیب­زمینی بهترین عملکرد مربوط به کاربرد بیوچار آن بود که این تیمار توانست اثرات منفی تنش خشکی بر گیاه لوبیا را کاهش دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Biochar And Hydrochar Produced from Potato Plant Residue on Bean Growth Indices and Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Drought Stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • mehran beygi kharvani 1
  • Ali Akbar Safari Sinegani 2

1 Former M.Sc. Student, Department Soil Sciences, Agriculture Faculty, Hamedan Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran

2 Professor, Department Soil Sciences, Agriculture Faculty, Hamedan Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran

چکیده [English]

A study was conducted as split plot layout with three replications at the research greenhouse of Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan in 2017 in order to investigate the consequences of using biochar and hydrochar, produced from potato plant residue on bean plant growth indices, chlorophyll content, and root mycorrhizal symbiosis in drought stress. The main plot and subplots in this study have been two drought levels and four amendment treatments, respectively. The study shows that the drought stress and the application amendments in various forms have had significant effects on plant growth indices, chlorophyll content, and root mycorrhizal colonization. Drought stress reduces root and shoot dry weights up to 39.8, 46.1%, leaf chlorophyll a (Chl a) content up to 52.6%, chlorophyll b (Chl b) content up to 58%, and total chlorophyll up to 54.52%. Although the number of rhizobium nodule on the root of plant decreases in drought stress, the rate of root mycorrhiza rises by 19.2% in drought stress. The use of biochar increased the mycorrhizal symbiotic indices significantly. It increases root colonization 11.34% and Glomeromycota spore number 50.5% in soil. The application of raw residue in soil has had the most positive effects on the plant growth indices and the leaf chlorophyll contents, leading to increased shoot dry weights (49.8%) and chlorophyll a, b and total contents (3.54%, 36.8%, and 14.5% respectively). The findings of this study show that among the treatments, the best plant growth index has been obtained in the use of potato biochar, which reduces the harmful effects of drought stress on the bean plant.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biochar
  • Chlorophyll
  • Hydrochar
  • Mycorrhizal symbiosis
  • Nodulation
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