نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

2 دانشیار، مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

چکیده

این مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی تنوع ژنتیکی 122 ژنوتیپ گلرنگ موجود در مؤسسه تحقیقات ژنتیک گیاهی و گیاهان زراعی (IPK) و مرکز بین‌المللی‌ اصلاح‌ گندم‌ و ذرت (CIMMYT)‌ و مقایسه خصوصیات زراعی آن­ها با پنج رقم زراعی گلرنگ کشور طی سال زراعی 97-1396 به‌صورت آگمنت بر پایه طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر کرج انجام شد. نتایج بیانگر وجود تنوع ژنتیکی بالا در ژرم‌پلاسم موردمطالعه بود. در بین ژنوتیپ­های موردمطالعه 36 ژنوتیپ بی­خار، 81 ژنوتیپ خاردار و 10 ژنوتیپ با خار کم وجود داشت. تجزیه به مؤلفه­های اصلی منجر به شناسایی سه مؤلفه اصلی شد که در مجموع 5/56 درصد از تغییرات کل را توجیه کردند. مؤلفه اول با توجیه 5/29 درصد تغییرات کل به‌عنوان مؤلفه اجزای عملکرد و عامل دوم با توجیه 9/15 درصد از واریانس کل به‌عنوان مؤلفه فنولوژی و معماری گیاه نام­گذاری شد. گروه‌بندی از طریق تجزیه مؤلفه­های اصلی ژنوتیپ‌ها را به چهار گروه تقسیم نمود. گروه اول از مقادیر بالای عملکرد دانه برخوردار بودند و ژنوتیپ شماره 70 با بیش‌ترین عملکرد دانه (5667 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در این گروه قرار گرفت. مقادیری عددی اجزای عملکرد نظیر وزن هزاردانه، تعداد طبق و تعداد دانه در بوته در گروه سوم بالاتر از سایر گروه­ها بود. در مجموع ژنوتیپ آلمانی شماره 70 با عملکرد دانه زیاد به‌همراه ژنوتیپ شماره 45 با گل­دهی زودهنگام می­توانند در برنامه­های به‌نژادی گلرنگ مورداستفاده قرار گیرند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Principal components analysis of some iranian and foreign safflower genotypes using morphological and agronomic traits

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamid Jabbari 1
  • Hamid Reza Fanaei 2
  • Farnaz Shariati 1
  • Hamid Sadeghi Garmarodi 1
  • Mohamad Abasali 1
  • Amir Hasan Omidi 1

1 Assistant Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.

چکیده [English]

This study evaluates the genetic diversity of 122 safflower genotypes from the institute of plant genetics and crop plant research (IPK) and International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT). It compares their agronomic characteristics with five Iranian Safflower cultivars. Conducted at research field of Seed and Plant Improvement Research Institute in Karaj between 2017 and 2018, the experiment uses an Augmented with randomized complete block design. Results indicate high genetic variation in the germplasm. Among safflower genotypes, thirty-six genotypes without thistle, eighty-one genotypes with thorns, and ten genotypes with few thistle have been observed. Principal component analysis helps identifying three main components that account for 56.5% of the total variations. The first and second components account for 29.5% and 15.9% of the total variation, respectively. These are named as a yield components and phenology and plant architecture, respectively. Safflower genotypes are divided into four groups by principal components analysis (PCA). Genotypes in the first groups have the higher grain yield than others. Genotype No. 70 with the highest grain yield (5667 kg.ha-1) is placed in this group. Numerical values of yield components such as 1000-seed weight, number of heads, and number of seeds per plant in the third group stand higher than other groups. Generally, German genotype No. 70 with high yield and genotype No. 45 with early flowering can be used in safflower breeding programs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biplot analysis
  • Cluster analysis
  • Early flowering
  • Plant height
  • Spin
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