Seyed Basir Mousavi; Saeed Sayfzade; Hamid Jabbari; alireza valadabadi; Esmaeil Hadidi Masouleh
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 29 April 2021
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of auxin foliar application in two safflower cultivars under drought stress condition using a factorial split plot experiment with randomized complete block design in two years (2017-2018 and 2018-2019). This experiment evaluated irrigation at two levels ...
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This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of auxin foliar application in two safflower cultivars under drought stress condition using a factorial split plot experiment with randomized complete block design in two years (2017-2018 and 2018-2019). This experiment evaluated irrigation at two levels including normal irrigation and interruption of irrigation from the beginning of grain filling stage (drought) in the main plots and cultivars of Padideh and Goldasht and auxin foliar application in two levels of non-foliar application of distilled water (control) and foliar application of auxin (indole acetic acid) in one step (mid-flowering) at a concentration of 3000 mg.l-1 were assigned in sub-plots as a factorial. In the auxin foliar application and non-foliar application (control) in both normal irrigation and drought stress treatments, the highest total number of heads per plant in Goldasht cultivar were 26.3 and 24.3 respectively, and the highest grain number per plant observed in Goldasht cultivar were at 708 and 592, respectively. Auxin foliar application and irrigation had no significant effect on the grain oil percentage. Goldasht cultivar had a higher grain yield compared to Padideh cultivar due to lower head temperature, higher soluble carbohydrate concentration, number of heads and 1000-grain weight. Generally, results showed that the effect of the studied treatments was affected by the year and despite the positive effect of auxin foliar application on some yield components at both irrigation levels, foliar application of auxin at middle of flowering stage had no significant effect on grain yield.
mohammad kaveh; mohammad ali esmaili; Hemmatollah Pirdashti; Mohammad Reza Ardakani
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 19 May 2021
Abstract
In this study, the effect of combined application of biochar, Azospirillium lipofrom bacteria and nitrogen in two flooding and intermittent irrigation methods on yield and yield components of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. ‘Tarom Hashemi’) was investigated. This experiment was done in split-split ...
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In this study, the effect of combined application of biochar, Azospirillium lipofrom bacteria and nitrogen in two flooding and intermittent irrigation methods on yield and yield components of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. ‘Tarom Hashemi’) was investigated. This experiment was done in split-split plot arrangement based a complete randomized block design with three replications at the research farm of Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University in the two consecutive years of 2017 and 2018. The treatments were two irrigation methods (flooding and alternation irrigation regimes) as main plot and nine fertilizers levels (100, 75 and 50% nitrogen in combination with control (without biochar), 20 and 10 tons of biochar per hectare) and seedling inoculation with Azospirillum lipoferum (inoculation and non-inoculated control) considered as sub and sub sub plots, respectively. Accordings to the significance of the studied factors effects on the measured traits, application of 20 tons of biochar along with 75 to 100% of the recommended nitrogen showed the greatest impact on rice yield and yield components in both intermittent and flooding irrigation methods. Since, the effectiveness of biochar in imtermittent irrigation was more significant; therefore, it can be concluded that the application of 20 tons of biochar per hectare plus 75 to 100% of the recommended nitrogen could greatly compensate the yield reduction due to reduced water consumption in intermittent irrigation as compared to the flooding irrigation.
Nikrooz Shirinzadeh; Mohammad Hassan Biglouei; Karamat Akhavan; Adel Mohammadi
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 29 July 2021
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of deficit irrigation on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of wheat (Triticum asetivum L.) Morvareed cultivar, an experiment with three main treatments including surface drip irrigation (TS), subsurface drip irrigation (TSS) and Furrow irrigation (F), and ...
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In order to investigate the effect of deficit irrigation on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of wheat (Triticum asetivum L.) Morvareed cultivar, an experiment with three main treatments including surface drip irrigation (TS), subsurface drip irrigation (TSS) and Furrow irrigation (F), and three submain treatments containing irrigation levels 50 (I1), 75 (I2) and 100 (I3) percent of the plant water requirement was carried out in the research farm of Ardebil Agricultural Research and Training Center in Moghan region during 2016-2017. The experiment was conducted as split plot based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The results showed that the highest 1000-grain weight, harvest index and number of tillers per unit area were obtained with 0.05 kg, 42% and 448.56 in I3 and protein content with 9.56% in I1, respectively. Also, the highest grain yield (7122.33 kg ha-1) was obtained from the TS with irrigation level of I3 (no significant difference between I3 and I1) and the highest water productivity based on grain yield with 1.81 kg m-3 was obtained from the treatment of F with I1. The lowest grain yield with 2866.67 kg ha-1 and water productivity based on grain yield with 1.05 kg m-3 were obtained from the F with irrigation levels of I1 and I3, respectively. Therefore, the surface drip (TS) with 75 percent (I2) and 100 percent (I3) of crop water requirement in conditions of water deficiency and no-water-deficiency, respectively can be considered as optimum methods to the wheat production in the Moghan region.
Azam Fatemi; payam moaveni; Jahanfar Daneshian; hamid mozaffari; Mehdi Ghaffari
Volume 23, Issue 3 , Summer 2021, , Pages 321-333
Abstract
The present study attempts to investigate the effect of Magnesium nanoparticle spraying solution on some morphophysiological traits of sunflower under experimental drought conditions. Hence, it conducts an experiment as split split plot in a randomized, completely block design, with three replicates ...
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The present study attempts to investigate the effect of Magnesium nanoparticle spraying solution on some morphophysiological traits of sunflower under experimental drought conditions. Hence, it conducts an experiment as split split plot in a randomized, completely block design, with three replicates at the field of oilseed section of seed and plant Improvement during 2017-2019 growing season. The treatments include drought stress at two levels: normal irrigation and drought stress. The studied sunflower cultivars include Farrokh, Shams, Qasem & Barzegar, and Magnesium nanoparticles application time at Three Levels: no spraying solution, spraying at flowering stage, and grain filling stage. Results show that drought stress reduces the amount of traits such as height, shoot dry weight, number of grains per head, 1000 grain weight, head diameter, grain yield, oil percentage, and oil yield; however, magnesium nanoparticle spraying solution improves the drought stress effect and increases morphological traits. Drought stress increases electrolyte leakage index and decreases relative water content of leaves by 13% and 9%, respectively. However, magnesium nanoparticles decrease the content of electrolyte leakage index by 9% and increase relative leaf water content by 10%. The cultivars’ response to stress levels has not been the same. In general, Barzegar, Shams, Qasem, and Farrokh cultivars show the highest tolerance to drought stress. Also the highest grain yield and oil percentage are related to Barzegar cultivar by 3427.53 kg/h and 43.96%, respectively.
Mahdi Motaefi; Alireza Sirousmehr; Mohsen Mohsen Mousavi nik
Volume 23, Issue 3 , Summer 2021, , Pages 335-348
Abstract
Drought stress is the most important factor in crop yield reduction. It is important to know how to cope with drought. This experiment is carried out to investigate the effect of organic growth stimulator (Hamoon green) on yield and some physiological indices of safflower under drought stress, during ...
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Drought stress is the most important factor in crop yield reduction. It is important to know how to cope with drought. This experiment is carried out to investigate the effect of organic growth stimulator (Hamoon green) on yield and some physiological indices of safflower under drought stress, during 2017-2018 in university of Zabol (Chahnime) as a split plot, based on RCBD with three replications. Experimental treatments include drought factor based on plant growth stages at three levels (complete irrigation throughout the growing season, irrigation up to terminal bud forms, and irrigation up to completed flowering) and spraying factor of organic growth stimulator at 4 levels (pure water), the foliar application has been Hamoon green 1 liter in 10 liters + calcium, Hamoon green 1 liter in 20 liters + calcium and Hamoon green 1 liter in 30 liters+ calcium. Results show that drought has reduced the height, 1000-seed weight, and oil percentage, by 44.41%, 31.24%, and 17.10%, respectively. Spraying hamoon green 1 liter in 10 liters+ calcium leads to an increase of 18.03%, 13.90%, and 13.74% for the above traits, compared to the control. The highest grain yield (1882.55 kg.ha-1), chlorophyll a, b, total and carotenoids (3.49, 0.94, 4.44, and 7.37 mg.gr-1 fw, respectively), selenium content (5.18 mg.kg-1 fw) and seed calcium content (2.91%) are obtained from hamoon green 1 liter in 10 liter + calcium and complete irrigation treatment. In general, it seems that by spraying 1 liter per 10 liters+ calcium, a good performance can be achieved.
sahar keramati; Ahmad Gholami; Mehdi Baradaran; Hamid Abbasdokht
Volume 23, Issue 2 , Spring 2021, , Pages 247-261
Abstract
In order to investigate the role of foliar application of yeast extract on physiological and Biochemical properties of cowpea (Vigna sinensis L.) under drought stress conditions, a factorial experiment has been conducted as a randomized complete block design with three replications in Agriculture Campus ...
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In order to investigate the role of foliar application of yeast extract on physiological and Biochemical properties of cowpea (Vigna sinensis L.) under drought stress conditions, a factorial experiment has been conducted as a randomized complete block design with three replications in Agriculture Campus of Shahrood University of Technology (located in Bastam) during 2017 under drought stress and foliar application of yeast extract. Drought stress involves two stages of 50 present flowering and 50 present pod formation with control treatment (without irrigation interruption). Foliar application of yeast extract (two, four, six g/L, and control) are repeated twice with a seven-day interval, with the first one being 30 days after planting. Results show that drought stress has decreased relative water content of leaves. In contrast, relative water content (5.82%), proline content (30.74%), leaf flavonoid (83%), nitrogen (3.82%), phosphorus (22.22%), and potassium (43%) are among the traits that have increased with the use of yeast extract, compared to the control. Six g / L of the yeast extract has increased grain yield (1.02 t ha-1), leaf anthocyanin (0.072 mg /g fresh weight), and proline (31.62 mg /g fresh weight). It can be said that a concentration of six g/L of yeast extract can be useful to reduce the severity of drought stress. The yeast extract can act as an ecological strategy to improve the defensive response against environmental stresses.
Kamal Sadat Asilan
Volume 22, Issue 3 , Summer 2020, , Pages 373-384
Abstract
To evaluate the impact from the interaction of nitrogen and herbicides on weed control of maize along with the yield and yield components of maize, an experiment has been conducted in a randomized completer block design as factorial arrangement with three replications at Tarbiat Modares University. The ...
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To evaluate the impact from the interaction of nitrogen and herbicides on weed control of maize along with the yield and yield components of maize, an experiment has been conducted in a randomized completer block design as factorial arrangement with three replications at Tarbiat Modares University. The first factor includes nicosulfuron (2 l.ha-1), 2,4-D+ MCPA (1.5 L.ha-1), weed-infesting, and weed free (hand hoeing) as control. The second factor is application of 350 kg.ha-1 nitrogen from urea source and no nitrogen application as control. Results indicate that application of nitrogen boosts nicosulfuron efficacy in controlling broad- and narrow-leaved weeds, though it does not affect 2,4-D+ MCPA efficacy in controlling broad-leaved weeds. The application of herbicide and nitrogen has no significant effect on corn yield components, but the number of grains per row increase significantly when both nicosulfuron and nitrogen are applied together. Application of nicosulfuron and nitrogen increases the grain yield by 94%, compared with sole application of nicosulfuron. Application of both nitrogen and 2,4-D+ MCPA has no effect on corn grain yield. Results show that the application of nicosulfuron and nitrogen can be the best option for satisfactory weed control and maximum grain yield in the corn.
jaber khordadi Varamin; Farzad Fanoodi; jafar masoud sinaki; Shahram rezvan; Ali Damavandi
Volume 22, Issue 3 , Summer 2020, , Pages 385-406
Abstract
To investigate the physiological responses of sesame cultivars to the application of nano magnesium and chitosan biopolymer under different irrigation regimes, a split factorial based on randomized complete block design has been conducted with three replicates between 2017 and 2018. The irrigation cut-off, ...
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To investigate the physiological responses of sesame cultivars to the application of nano magnesium and chitosan biopolymer under different irrigation regimes, a split factorial based on randomized complete block design has been conducted with three replicates between 2017 and 2018. The irrigation cut-off, based on BBCH scale, has served as the main factor (normal irrigation, irrigation up to 50% flowering, and seed ripening), with the sub factors including Oltan and Dashtestan-2 sesame cultivars, and nano magnesium (application and non-application) and chitosan (control, 4.8, and 6.4 g.L-1). The highest mean grain yield belongs to the application of 6.4 g.L-1 chitosan under normal irrigation with an average of 1235.1 kg.ha-1. Also, the highest total chlorophyll content is observed in Dashtestan-2 genotype under normal irrigation with a mean of 24.7 mg.g-1 FW and the lowest mean have been obtained in both genotypes under irrigation up to 65 BBCH with a mean of 17.21 and 17.46 mg.g-1 FW, respectively. Application of nano fertilizer in Oltan genotype under irrigation up to 65 BBCH increases the catalase activity by 41.11%, compared to the control treatment. The highest activity of ascorbate peroxidase has been achieved when not applying chitosan under irrigation conditions up to 65 BBCH. It has risen by 55.06%, compared to the control treatment. In general, the results show that irrigation up to 65 BBCH reduces grain yield, in turn alleviated by the negative effects of stress on magnesium and chitosan nanoparticles (9.93% and 27.46%, respectively). Based on the regression analysis results, four traits, namely chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, proline, and catalase, enter the model that explains 42.11% of the total grain yield variations. Results of simple correlation between traits and regression analysis indicate the indirect effects of physiological traits on grain yield and among the studied parameters, photosynthetic pigments has been of high account in stress conditions.
Ali Nakhzari Moghaddam; Hajberdi Ghelichi Yanghagh; Abbas Biabani; Fakhtak Taliey
Volume 22, Issue 2 , Spring 2020, , Pages 205-215
Abstract
In order to study the effect of nitrogen and irrigation interval on quantity traits and protein of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.), a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted with three replications at research farm of Gonbad Kavous University during 2016. Interval irrigation ...
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In order to study the effect of nitrogen and irrigation interval on quantity traits and protein of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.), a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted with three replications at research farm of Gonbad Kavous University during 2016. Interval irrigation factor was at three levels including irrigation each 10, 20 and 30-day, nitrogen fertilizer in three levels of non-application and application of 50 and 100 kg per hectare and mung bean genotypes in two levels of VC-1973A and Partov. The results showed that the highest grain yield was obtained from 30-day irrigation interval with 100 and 50 kg per hectare nitrogen and the lowest grain yield was obtained from 10–day irrigation interval and 100 kg nitrogen/ha and non-application treatment and also 20–day irrigation interval and non-application of nitrogen/ha. Grain yield in VC-1973A was 72.52% higher than partov gernotype. The highest protein percentage was obtained from irrigation interval of 30-day and the lowest was obtained from 10-day irrigation interval. With increasing of nitrogen consumption, protein percentage increased but proline decreased. Increasing of irrigation intervals from 10 to 30-day increased the amount of proline in mung bean genotypes. Protein percentage and amount of proline in Partov was 9.49% and 29.66% more than VC-1973A. In addition, although in some traits Partov was superior but in more traits especially grain yield VC-1973A was better than Partov and increasing of interval irrigation and nitrogen consumption created better conditions for mung bean production.
Hossein Noroozi; Majid Nabipour; Afraseyab Rahnama Ghahfarokhi; Habibola Roshanfekr
Volume 22, Issue 1 , Winter 2020, , Pages 1-12
Abstract
In order to investigation the effect of planting date and foliar application Zinc sulfate and Selenium on tolerance to high temperature on two Wheat cultivars one experiment was carried out in a split factorial experiment based on a complete randomized block design with three replications at the experimental ...
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In order to investigation the effect of planting date and foliar application Zinc sulfate and Selenium on tolerance to high temperature on two Wheat cultivars one experiment was carried out in a split factorial experiment based on a complete randomized block design with three replications at the experimental farm of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz during a growing season 2017-2018. Three factors were investigated in this experiment. initial factor including three planting date (Nov 11, Des 11, Jan 10). The solution type was used as the second factor: 1- foliar application with tap water (control), 2- foliar application with selenium (4 mg/lit), 3- foliar application with zinc sulfate (0.04%) and third factor including two wheat cultivars (Chamran and Star). According to the results in planting date of 20 January, the number of grains per spike decreased in the foliar application treatments by zinc solfate 10%, Selenium 36% and control 33% compared to similar treatments in the planting date of November 20th. In the planting date of January 20, the decrease in grain yield compared to the planting date of November 20th was 49.3% in the control treatment and 49.9% in the selenium treatment While in zinc sulfate treatment, yield reduction was 20.19%. According to the results obtained in folia application, Zn sulfate increased grain yield in two wheat cultivars by increasing the number of grains per spike, 1000- grain weight and grain filling duration.
Mahdi Motakefi; Ahmad Ghanbari; Seyyed Mohsen MoussAvi Nik; Alireza Sirousmehr
Volume 21, Issue 4 , Autumn 2019, , Pages 367-377
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of organic growth Stimulator on growth and yield of rapeseed (Dalgan cultivar) under drought in university of Zabol (Chahnime) during 2017as split plot design based on RCBD with three replications. The treatments consisted of irrigation cut off levels ...
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This study was conducted to investigate the effect of organic growth Stimulator on growth and yield of rapeseed (Dalgan cultivar) under drought in university of Zabol (Chahnime) during 2017as split plot design based on RCBD with three replications. The treatments consisted of irrigation cut off levels based on the phenological growth stages (Sylvester-Bradley encoding system): I1 = control (complete irrigation), I2 = irrigation up to stage the growth rate code is 2.20 (twenty internally identified) and I3 = irrigation to stage the growth rate code is 5.9 (all pods are more than 2 cm long) and subsidiary factor consists of four levels of fertilizer : F1 = control (pure water solution), F2 = Hamoon Green 1 liter at 10 liter + calcium, F3 = Hamoon Green 1 L at 20 liter + calcium, F4 = Hamoon Green 1 liter at 30 liter + Calcium. The results showed that I2 caused a significant decrease in plant height, stem diameter, number of pods, number of seeds per pod, 1000 seed weight, grain and biological yield and oil percentage, and also F2 increased the above traits except the percentage of oil. Interaction effects showed that the highest amount of chlorophyll a, b, total, carotenoid, selenium and calcium content of grain obtained from I1F2. The highest amount of proline in I2F2 observed. The highest of these traits was obtained from F2. Generally, spraying of the organic growth stimulator can be moderates the harmful effects of drought stress in rapeseed and 27% improved seed yield.
Majid Alinaghipour; Mohammad Mirzakhani; Karim Nozad Namin
Volume 20, Issue 4 , Winter 2019, , Pages 755-767
Abstract
In order to the effect of Simultaneous Cropping on agronomic characteristics of spring safflower cultivars (Cartamus tinctorius L.) in Aran and Bidgol region, this study was carried out in field of Kashan city of Esfahan province in 2013. A factorial arrangement of treatment in a randomized complete ...
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In order to the effect of Simultaneous Cropping on agronomic characteristics of spring safflower cultivars (Cartamus tinctorius L.) in Aran and Bidgol region, this study was carried out in field of Kashan city of Esfahan province in 2013. A factorial arrangement of treatment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Spring safflower cultivars (V1= Faraman, V2= Goldasht, V3= Esfahan local, V4= Soffeh) and Simultaneous cropping treatment, (S1= Cultivation of safflower + chickpea, S2= Cultivation of safflower + alfaalfa, S3= Cultivation of safflower + onion, S4= Cultivation of safflower) were assigned in plots. Each sub plot consisted of 4 rows, 5 m long with 60 cm between rows space and 4 cm between plants on the rows was used. In this study characteristics such as: days to bolling, number of branches, weight of boll, number of grain per plant, grain yield in plant, grain yield in m-2, biological yield, harvest index and alfalfa biomass were assessed. Results indicated that the effect of safflower cultivars on the characteristics such as: days to bolling, weight of boll, number of grain per plant, grain yield in plant, grain yield in m-2 and harvest index was significant. Effect of Simultaneous cropping treatment on the characteristics such as: weight of boll and biological yield was significant, too. The maximum and minimum of harvest index (33.31 and 26.52 %) were obtained with the Esfahan local and Soffeh cultivars, respectively.
Tahere Shahmirzaee jeshvaghani; Mohammad Rafieiolhossaini; Abdolrazagh Danesh Shahraki; Ali Tadayyon
Volume 20, Issue 4 , Winter 2019, , Pages 817-830
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of humic acid foliar application on drought stress effects of Niger (Guizotia abyssinica (L.F) Cass), a split plot experiment was done in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of the faculty of agriculture/Shahrekord University ...
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In order to investigate the effect of humic acid foliar application on drought stress effects of Niger (Guizotia abyssinica (L.F) Cass), a split plot experiment was done in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of the faculty of agriculture/Shahrekord University in 2016. The main factor consisted of four drought stress levels (60 (control), 100, 140 and 180 mm evaporation from evaporation pan) and the sub factor was including four humic acid levels (0, 2, 4 and 6 liters per hectare). The results showed that the effect of drought stress and humic acid was significant on plant height, number of lateral branches, number of head per unit area, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, chlorophyll, carotenoids and proline (at 1% level of probability). Drought stress caused decreasing and humic acid caused increasing in all traits except of proline. The interaction effect of drought stress and humic acid on number of head per unit area, grain yield, harvest index, proline (at 1% level of probability) and on plant height (at 5% level of probability) was significant.The maximum plant height, number of heads per unit area, grain yield and harvest index were obtained at control with six liters humic acid application per hectare, and the maximum amount of proline was observed at the treatment of 180 mm evaporation with no humic acid application. It is recommended to use 100 mm evaporation regime with 4 liters humic acid application per hectare for more economic profit.
Hamed Javadi; Parviz Rezvani Moghaddam; Mohammad Hassan Rashed Mohasel; Mohamad Javad Seghatoleslami
Volume 20, Issue 2 , Summer 2018, , Pages 453-465
Abstract
In order to study the effect of green manure and different levels of nitrogen on yield and nitrogen use efficiency in purslane, an experiment was conducted as a split plot design based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of Birjand University in 2014-2015. ...
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In order to study the effect of green manure and different levels of nitrogen on yield and nitrogen use efficiency in purslane, an experiment was conducted as a split plot design based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of Birjand University in 2014-2015. Four green manure (control (no green manure), Vicia villosa L., Eruca sativa L., and a mixture of Eruca sativa L. and Vicia villosa L.) and three levels of nitrogen (0 (control), 50 and 100 kg. ha-1) were considered as main plots and sub plots, respectively. The results showed that using green manure had no effect on grain and forage yields of purslane. The use of 100 kg.ha-1 nitrogen also led to 18.81 percent increase of dry forage yield (3992.3 kg. ha-1) compared with the control (3360.1 kg. ha-1). In addition, green manure with high nitrogen levels improved the yield and nitrogen content of biomass and decreased absorption and agronomy efficiency of nitrogen based on forage yield. The results revealed that, considering the reduction of nitrogen efficiency despite the use of green and nitrogen fertilizers and taking into account production costs and environmental problems, the nitrogen content in the soil (54.6 kg. ha-1) is sufficient for stable grain production and 50 kg.ha-1 nitrogen for forage production of purslane, and more nitrogen consumption will be a luxury aspect.
Zahra Rezaei; Mohammad Rafieolhosseini; Abdolrahman Mohammadkhani
Volume 19, Issue 3 , Winter 2018, , Pages 621-637
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of manure and super absorbent polymer on some morphological characteristics and fennel (Foeniculum vulgar Mill) essential oil production under drought stress conditions, an experiment was conducted as spilt-plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications ...
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In order to evaluate the effect of manure and super absorbent polymer on some morphological characteristics and fennel (Foeniculum vulgar Mill) essential oil production under drought stress conditions, an experiment was conducted as spilt-plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications at University of Shahrekord in 2015. The main factor was different levels of drought stress including three levels of control (50 mm), moderate stress (100 mm) and severe stress (150 mm) evaporation from class. A pan and sub-factor was considered different ratios of animal manure and super absorbent polymer in six levels (D1: lack of manure and super absorbent polymer, D2: 25% manure + 75% super absorbent polymer, D3: 50% manure + 50% super absorbent polymer, D4: 75% manure + 25% super absorbent polymer, D5: 100% manure (40 t.ha-1) and D6: 100% super absorbent polymer (200 Kg.ha1)). The results showed that the maximum number of umbel, grain yield (146.66 g/m2), harvest index and essential oil yield (2.99 g/m2) from control treatment and D6, the maximum number of lateral branch, floret and plant dry weight (165.62 g/m2) from control treatment and D4 and the maximum thousand seed weight and plant fresh weight, from control treatment and D3 and D2 were obtained, respectively. The maximum essential oil percentage (3.09) was obtained from severe stress and D5 treatment. The maximum plant height and number of main branch was obtained from D6 and D4 treatments, respectively and under control conditions. Since the superabsorbent polymer while reducing the effects of drought, increased grain yield, harvest index and oil yield of fennel, thus, control treatment with 100% super absorbent polymer consumption can be offered to maximize grain and essential oil yield under the same conditions.
S. Javad Talebzadeh; Hashem Hadi; Reza Aminia; Mehdi Tajbakhsh; Mohammad Rezaie
Volume 19, Issue 3 , Winter 2018, , Pages 717-732
Abstract
In order to evaluation the pattern of assimilates distribution to seed under late season drought stress, 11 promising lines of winter wheat along with Orum, Zareh, Mihan, Zarrin and Pishgam cultivars were evaluated in two levels of irrigation (full irrigation and cutting irrigation from flowering to ...
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In order to evaluation the pattern of assimilates distribution to seed under late season drought stress, 11 promising lines of winter wheat along with Orum, Zareh, Mihan, Zarrin and Pishgam cultivars were evaluated in two levels of irrigation (full irrigation and cutting irrigation from flowering to maturity) at the Agricultural Research Station of Miandoab during 2013-2015 growing seasons. Experiments were conducted in split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed that water deficit stress significantly increased remobilization rate, contribution of remobilization and source restriction and decreased the amount of spike weight, peduncle weight, sink restriction by removing leaves other than flag leaf, sink restrictions by removing flag leaf, grain yield and harvest index, so that terminal water deficit stress increased remobilization by 45.45% and the total yield contribution of remobilization of 18.30% in normal conditions increased to 43.33% under stress conditions. Among the genotypes, ‘Zarrin’ and ‘Mihan’ under normal moisture conditions and ‘Mihan’ genotype under terminal drought stress conditions produced the highest grain yield. In this study under terminal drought stress conditions, there were significant positive correlations between grain yield with remobilization rate and contribution of remobilization. It can be concluded that the varieties and genotypes afforded adequate remobilization and contribution of remobilization in grain yield in both conditions are appropriate for cultivation in optimal conditions, as well as areas that are faced with terminal water deficit stress.
Shahriar Kazemi; Esfandiar Farahmand; Hemmatollah Pirdashti; Mojtaba Mahmoudi
Volume 19, Issue 2 , Autumn 2017, , Pages 371-386
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effects of mycorrhiza-like fungi, Piriformospora indica, and mycorrhiza fungi, Glomus mosseae, symbiosys on corn (Zea mays L. cv. SC 704) grain yield and water use efficiency under different limited irrigation regimes and phosphorus, a field experiment was conducted as split ...
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In order to evaluate the effects of mycorrhiza-like fungi, Piriformospora indica, and mycorrhiza fungi, Glomus mosseae, symbiosys on corn (Zea mays L. cv. SC 704) grain yield and water use efficiency under different limited irrigation regimes and phosphorus, a field experiment was conducted as split factorial based on a randomized complete block design at two stations of Gharakhil and Bayekola during growing season of 2015. Treatments were different irrigations at three levels (100, 75 and 50% ofcrop water requirement) in main plots, four levels of inoculation (control, Pi inoculation, Gm inoculation and Pi + Gm inoculation) and three levels of phosphorus (control, 50 and 100 % of crop requirement) in sub plots as factorial. According to the results, simultaneous inoculation of Pi and Gm induced significant increase in grain yield in both regions (8.6 and 6.3 % for Gharakhil and Bayekola stations, respectively). In both regions, symbiotic fungi incolationimprovement of productivity of water use obtained when Pi and Gm were inoculated (especially simultaneous inoculation), in all irrigation treatments. The most of the positive effects of coexistence were observed in both area under irrigation 50% (4.33 and 4.15 Kg/ha, respectively). Overall, the inocolation, results represented a synergistic effect of two applied fungi for ameliorating the corn water use efficiency, especially under limited irrigations.
Safoura Jafarnodeh; Ebrahim Zeinali; Afshin Soltani; Fatemeh Sheikh
Volume 19, Issue 1 , Spring 2017, , Pages 87-103
Abstract
This experiment was carried out to study of the effects of seed size and seeding date on phenological, morphological and agronomic characteristics of faba bean under rainfed conditions in Gorgan. The experiment was conducted using ‘Barakat’ cultivar at the research field of Gorgan University ...
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This experiment was carried out to study of the effects of seed size and seeding date on phenological, morphological and agronomic characteristics of faba bean under rainfed conditions in Gorgan. The experiment was conducted using ‘Barakat’ cultivar at the research field of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences in 2013-2014 growing season. The experimental design was a split plot in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Planting dates (26 Nov., 19 Dec., 2013 and 11 Feb. and 10 Mar., 2014) and seed size (small, medium, large) were arranged in main- and sub-plots, respectively. According to the results, emergence rate of seeds planted in 26 Nov. and 10 Mar. was higher than the other two planting dates, and the emergence rate of small and medium seeds was more than large seeds. Also, time to maturity was 190 days on November planting date. Time to maturity was decreased with delay in planting date, and reduced to 86 days on March planting. The results showed a significant reduction of the number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and 100-seed weight which led to reduction in green pod and grain yield with delay in planting, respectively. Based on the results of this experiment, to achieve further yields of faba bean under rainfed conditions in Gorgan, early planting and use of larger seeds for planting is recommended.
Esmaeil Karimi; Ali Tadayyon; Mahmour Reza Tadayyon
Volume 18, Issue 3 , Autumn 2016, , Pages 609-623
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of different irrigation regimes on yield and leaf proline content of a spring Isfahan local variety of safflower, a field experiment was conducted as split plot in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications at the Research Station of Shahrekord University ...
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In order to investigate the effect of different irrigation regimes on yield and leaf proline content of a spring Isfahan local variety of safflower, a field experiment was conducted as split plot in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications at the Research Station of Shahrekord University in 2013-2014. The main factor consisted of four different irrigation regimes (irrigation after 50, 80, 130 and 180 mm evaporation of water from evaporation pan class A) and subplots were spraying humic acid (at a rate of zero, one, three and six liters per hectare). Evaluated traits in this experiment included, the number of heads per plant, 1000 seeds weight, oil content, grain yield, oil yield and leaf proline content. Irrigation treatments and foliar application of humic acid significantly contributed to the above characteristics. Based on means comparisons, less irrigation caused a significant decrease and spraying humic acid also increased significantly number of heads per plant, 1000 seeds weight, grain yield and oil yield. Also, with increased Irrigation and increase application of humic acid, oil content and proline compared to the control group showed a significant increase. In addition, increased irrigation, increase seed oil content from 22.22 percent to 25.43 percent (in irrigation treatment after 180 mm evaporation and application of six lit/ha) has been upgraded. Oil yield also decreased as a result of irrigation after 50 mm evaporation from 394 to 289 kg per hectare after 180 mm evaporation.
Elham Jahangiri Nia; Seyed Ataollah Siyadat; Ahmad Koochakzadeh; Mohammadreza Moradi Telavat; Manouchehr Sayyah far
Volume 18, Issue 2 , Summer 2016, , Pages 319-331
Abstract
In order to study the effect of the usage of vermicompost and mycorrhiza fertilizer usage on yield quantity and quality of soybean cultivar L17 in water deficit stress condition, an experiment was conducted as plots in a split at randomized complete blocks with four replications in Agricultural Research ...
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In order to study the effect of the usage of vermicompost and mycorrhiza fertilizer usage on yield quantity and quality of soybean cultivar L17 in water deficit stress condition, an experiment was conducted as plots in a split at randomized complete blocks with four replications in Agricultural Research Center in 2013 in Khoramabad. The experiment treatments including irrigation in three levels (after 60, 120 and 180 mm evaporation from pan class A pan), vermicompost and mycorrhiza in six levels (non-use of vermicompost and mycorhiza fertilizer, inoculated with mycorrhiza fertilizer, consumption of 5 and 10 t.ha-1 vermicompost , consumption of 5 and 10 t.ha-1 vermicompost with mycorrhiza) were respectively as the main plots and sub. The results of experiment showed that the water deficit stress significantly decreased the number of pods per plant, number of grain per pod, number of grain per plant, 1000 grain weight, biological and grain yield. So that the highest grain yield with the rate of 3216.7 kg.ha-1 was obtained from 60 mm evaporation. The use of combined vermicompost and mycorrhiza fertilizer increased the traits except the number of grain per pods. Grain yield in combined treatment of 5 and 10 t.ha-1 vermicompost and mycorrhiza, respectively increased 23 and 29 percent compared to control. By increasing irrigation distance grain oil content decreased and grain protein content increased. Finally, in order to water_saving irrigation and the cost of inputs and ensuring optimal performance in drought condition, we can use combination of 5 t.ha-1 vermicompost with mycorrhiza.
Nasimeh Montazeri Takhti; Gholam Reza Khajoei Nejad; Mohammad Javad Arvin
Volume 18, Issue 2 , Summer 2016, , Pages 431-441
Abstract
Effects of drought stress and chemical treatments was studied on growth and developmental traits of four barley cultivars using a split- split plot design (RCBD) in Agricultural Research Farm, Kerman University in 2013-14. Main plots consisted of irrigation (control and drought stress after flowering), ...
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Effects of drought stress and chemical treatments was studied on growth and developmental traits of four barley cultivars using a split- split plot design (RCBD) in Agricultural Research Farm, Kerman University in 2013-14. Main plots consisted of irrigation (control and drought stress after flowering), sub-plots consisted of four barley cultivars (ʻNosratʼ, ʻAfsalʼ, ʻYousofʼ and ʻUH12 lineʼ) and sub-sub plot consisted of control, salicylic acid (0.5 mM) as seed soaking, foliar spray at anthesis and seed soaking + foliar spray) and also foliar spray with selenium (40 mg/l using sodium selenate). Drought stress significantly decreased chlorophyll index (10 percent), thousand grain weight (19 percent), grain yield (20 percent), biological yield (11 percent) and harvest index (12 Percent). On the contrary, salicylic acid increased plant height, length of spike and awn, chlorophyll index, thousand grain weight, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index. Foliar spray of plants with sodium selenate increased selenium contents of grains in all cultivars. However, it could be concluded that salicylic acid improved plant performance under normal and drought conditions and selenate application enriched barley grains, and therefore those treatments are commercially recommended.
Hamid Jabbari; Nayyer Azam Khosh kholgh Sima; Gholam Abbas Akbari; Iraj Allahdadi; Amir Hossein Shirani rad; Ali Hamed
Volume 18, Issue 1 , Winter 2016, , Pages 1-19
Abstract
In order to study of root system relationship with water relations in Rapeseed under drought stress conditions, a pot experiment was carried out in greenhouse at Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (Karaj) in 2012. Five winter Rapeseed genotypes were evaluated under four irrigation ...
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In order to study of root system relationship with water relations in Rapeseed under drought stress conditions, a pot experiment was carried out in greenhouse at Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (Karaj) in 2012. Five winter Rapeseed genotypes were evaluated under four irrigation treatments, using a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design. The results indicated that response of genotypes to irrigation treatments was different for stomata conductivity, SPAD value, root length and diameter, morphologic characteristics, yield and yield components. In control, Cooper produced the highest grain yield that due to higher silique number per plant, whereas, ‘Opera’ had the maximum grain yield under drought stress treatments. This subject was due to higher root depth and diameter in ‘Opera’ and on the basis of these characters, the high leaf area duration, stomata conductivity, silique number and grain number was observed in ‘Opera’. In conclusion, these results showed that role of root morphologic characteristics in Rapeseed adaptation to drought tolerance is powerful and an effective root system with last stomata conductivity, more leaf area duration and high silique number were more important for yield maintenance of Rapeseed under drought stress conditions.
Pejman Nikneshan; Ali Tadayyon; Mohammad Rafiolhosseini; Babak Bahraininejad
Volume 17, Issue 4 , Winter 2016, , Pages 1015-1033
Abstract
In respect to drought crisis in the center of Iran, it needs valuable crops which adapt to such environments, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of drought stress on different castor ecotypes at two places (Isfahan and Shahrekord) in 2013. Experiment was carried out in split ...
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In respect to drought crisis in the center of Iran, it needs valuable crops which adapt to such environments, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of drought stress on different castor ecotypes at two places (Isfahan and Shahrekord) in 2013. Experiment was carried out in split plot arrangement in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications that four drought stress levels (non-stress equals 30, 45, 60 and 75 percent moisture depletion soil) as a main plot and six castor ecotypes (’Isfahan ‘, ’Ardesrtan ‘, ’Arak ‘, ’Naeen ‘, ’Yazd ‘ and ’Ahvaz‘) as a subplot in two mentioned places. The results from both experiments were analyzed by combined analysis. The measured traits were including plant height, leaf number per plant, LAI, capsule number per plant, seed number per plant, 100 seeds weight, grain yield, harvest index, oil percent and oil yield. The results showed that the highest seed yield and oil yield were related to ’Isfahan‘ ecotype in Isfahan region under control with 1388 and 673 kg/ha, respectively.
Maryam Soltanian; Ali Tadayyon; seafollah falah
Volume 17, Issue 3 , Autumn 2015, , Pages 621-634
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under water deficit stress on linseed, a field experiment was conducted as split-plot in RCBD design with three replications at the research station of faculty of Agriculture at Shahrekord University in 2013. Water deficit stress at four levels of ...
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To evaluate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under water deficit stress on linseed, a field experiment was conducted as split-plot in RCBD design with three replications at the research station of faculty of Agriculture at Shahrekord University in 2013. Water deficit stress at four levels of no stress, mild, medium and severe stress as main factor and inoculation with Glomus intraradices, Glomus mosseae and no inoculation as sub factor were used. The results showed that the effect of mycorrhiza inoculation and water deficit stress treatment were significant on all the measured traits. Interaction between mycorrhiza and water deficit stress was significant on the plant height and shoot dry weight. Based on the results, both species of Glomus intraradices and Glomus mosseae significantly increased the grain yield whereas the treatment inoculated with G. intraradces produced maximum (0.080 kg/m2) and the treatment without inculation with mycorrhiza produced minimum (0.063 kg/m2) grain yield. Maximum (0.097 kg/m2) and minimum (0.050 kg/m2) grain yield were obtained in the treatment under water deficit stress and no-stress conditions, respectively. Keywords: Aboveground dry weight, Grain yield, Inoculation, Irrigation, Stem branch To evaluate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under water deficit stress on linseed, a field experiment was conducted as split-plot in RCBD design with three replications at the research station of faculty of Agriculture at Shahrekord University in 2013. Water deficit stress at four levels of no stress, mild, medium and severe stress as main factor and inoculation with Glomus intraradices, Glomus mosseae and no inoculation as sub factor were used. The results showed that the effect of mycorrhiza inoculation and water deficit stress treatment were significant on all the measured traits. Interaction between mycorrhiza and water deficit stress was significant on the plant height and shoot dry weight. Based on the results, both species of Glomus intraradices and Glomus mosseae significantly increased the grain yield whereas the treatment inoculated with G. intraradces produced maximum (0.080 kg/m2) and the treatment without inculation with mycorrhiza produced minimum (0.063 kg/m2) grain yield. Maximum (0.097 kg/m2) and minimum (0.050 kg/m2) grain yield were obtained in the treatment under water deficit stress and no-stress conditions, respectively.
Mohammad Rabiee; Mehrdad Jilani; Shahram Karimy
Volume 17, Issue 2 , Spring 2015, , Pages 313-327
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of consumption of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on harvest indices and some important agronomic traits of Triticale (Triticosecale wittmack var. Javaniloo), a factorial experiment based on the randomized complete block design with three replications ...
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In order to investigate the effect of consumption of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on harvest indices and some important agronomic traits of Triticale (Triticosecale wittmack var. Javaniloo), a factorial experiment based on the randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in paddy field of Rice Research Institute of Iran (Rasht) during 2010-2012 for two years. The first factor was nitrogen in five levels: zero, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg.ha-1 in the form of urea and phosphorus in four levels: zero, 50, 100 and 150 kg.ha-1 in the form of superphosphate. Results showed that among the nitrogen levels, the treatments of 200 and 150 kg.ha-1 had maximum grain yield (3000.5 and 2999.7 kg.ha-1, respectively), protein yield (442.7 and 449.5 kg.ha-1, respectively) and biological yield (13318 and 12525 kg.ha-1, respectively). Among the levels of phosphorus fertilizer, the treatment of 150 kg.ha-1 showed maximum grain yield (2971.0 kg.ha-1), protein yield (434.4 kg.ha-1) and biological yield (12375 kg.ha-1). Also results showed none of the nitrogen levels had the highest phosphorus and potassium indices. Moreover, with the increasing of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium indices were reduced. Based on the obtained results, the treatments of 150 kg.ha-1 nitrogen and 150 kg.ha-1 phosphorus are recommended for cultivating triticale in Guilan area due to high grain and protein yields.