Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran. E-mail: soltanzade92@uoz.ac.ir

2 Corresponding Author, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran. E-mail: E.seyedabadi@uoz.ac.ir

3 Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran. E-mail: ghanbari@uoz.ac.ir

4 Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran. E-mail: dr.dahmardeh@uoz.ac.ir

Abstract

In order to evaluate some morphological and chemical characteristics of quinoa, a split plot experiment has been conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications during 2019-2020 cropping season, at the Agricultural Research Station of University of Zabol, Iran. Vermicompost at three levels (0, 5 and 10 ton/ha) has been considered the main factor and chemical fertilizer at four levels (25, 50, 75 and 100%), the sub-factor. The main effect of vermicompost is significant on morphological traits such as plant height, 1000-seed weight, biological yield, grain yield, and harvest index. Interaction of vermicompost and chemical fertilizer is significant on chemical properties, including proteins and photosynthetic pigments. Application of 10 tons of vermicompost per hectare leads to the maximum level of plant height, 1000-seed weight, biological yield, grain yield, and harvest index. Also, the highest amount of photosynthetic proteins and pigments are achieved from combined application of 10 tons/ha of vermicompost and 50% chemical fertilizer (25 kg/ha Urea+ 50 kg/ha triple superphosphate + 50 kg/ha potassium sulfate). Totally, results show the positive effects of vermicompost on the morphological and chemical properties of quinoa. It can be concluded that the combined use of chemical fertilizers and vermicompost can increase the yield of quinoa, while reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and thus reduce the environmental impacts caused by them..

Keywords

Abugoch, L. E. (2017). Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.): Composition, chemistry, nutritional, and functional properties. Food and Nutrition Research, 58, 1-31.
Aksakal, E. L., Serdar, S., & Angin, I. (2016). Effects of vermicompost application on soil aggregation and certain physical properties. Land Degrade and Develop, 27(2), 983-995.
Amini, R., Dabbagh Mohammadi-asab, A., & Mahdavi, S. (2017). Effect of organic fertilizers in combination with chemical fertilizer on tuber yield and some qualitative characteristics of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Journal of Agroecology, 9(3), 734-748.
Amiryousefi, M., Tadayon, R., & Ebrahimi, R. (2020). Effect of Chemical and Biological Fertilizers on Some Physiological Traits, Yield Components and Yield of Quinoa Plant. Journal of Crop Production and Processing, 10(2), 1-17. (In Persian).
Arnon, A. N. (1967). Method of extraction of chlorophyll in the plants. Agronomy Journal, 23, 112-121.
Atiyeh, R. M., Arancon, N., Edwards, C. A., & Metzger, J. D. (2000). Influence of earthworm-processed pig manure on the growth and yield of greenhouse tomatoes. Bioresource Technology, 75(3), 175-180.
Ayyobi, H., Peyvast, G.A., & Olfati, J.A. (2013). Effect of vermicompost and vermicompost extract on oil yield and quality of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.). Journal of Agricultural Sciences (Belgrade), 58(1), 51-60.
Azizi, F., Rezvani, F., Hasanzadeh Khayat, M., Lakzian, A., & Nemati, N. (2008). The effect of different levels of vermicompost and irrigation on morphological characters and the amount of essence of German figure (Marticaria recutita Goral cultivar). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Research, 24(1), 82-93.
Behera, U. K., Sharma, A. R., & Pandey, H. N. (2007). Sustaining productivity of wheat-soybean cropping system through integrated nutrient management practices on the Vertisols of central India. Plant Soil, 297(1), 185-199.
Bhargava, A., Shukla, S., & Ohri, D. (2006). Chenopodium quinoa- An India perspective. Industrial Crops and Products, 23, 73-78.
Bradford, M.M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical biochemistry, 72, 248-254.
Brussard, L., & Ferrera-Cenato, R. (1997). Soil Ecology in Sustainable Agricultural System. New York: Lewis publishers, USA.
Claudio, P. J., Raphael B., Alves, F., Kamiila, L. R., Brunade, S.N., & Priscila, M. B. (2009). Zn (ll) adsorption from synthetic solution and kaolin wastewater on vermicompost. Science of the Total Environment, 162, 804-811.
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization). (2011). FAOSTAT: Production, Crops, Sugar beet, 2010 data. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), available at: www.fao.org.
Farhad, W., Saleem, M. F., Cheema, M. A., & Hammad, H. M. (2009). Effect of poultry manure levels on the productivity of spring maize (Zea mays L.). Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 19(3), 122-125.
Fathi, A., Kardoni, F., Bahamin, S., Khalil Tahmasebi, B., & Naseri, R. (2017). Investigating the management strategy of the integrated system of organic and biological inputs on growth and yield characteristics in corn cultivation. Applied Research of Plant Ecophysiology, 4(1), 137-156. (In Persian).
Fawy, H. A., Attia, M. F., & Hagab, R. H. (2017). Effect of nitrogen fertilization and organic acids on grains productivity and biochemical contents of Quinoa plant grown under soil conditions of Ras Sader-Sinai. Egyptian Journal of Desert Research, 67(1), 171-185.
Ghanbari, A., Esmaeilian, Y., & Babaeian, M. (2013). Effect of livestock and chemical fertilizers on forage yield, grain and concentration of some nutrients in barley grain (Hordeum vulgare L.). Journal of Plant Ecophysiology, 31(3), 23-36. (In Persian).
Ghimire, B., Timsina, D., & Nepal, J. (2015). Analysis of chlorophyll content its correlation with yield attributing traits on early varieties of maize (Zea mays L.). Journal of Maize Research and Development, 1(1), 134-145.
Goldani, M., Kamali, M., Mohtashami, S., & Ghani, A. (2016). The effect of vermicompost and biological fertilizer application on seed yield and yield components of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Iranian Journal of Soil Research, 30(3), 257-269. (In Persian).
Gomaa, E. F. (2013). Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and biofertilizers on quinoa plant. Journal of applied sciences research, 9(8), 5210-5222.
Habibi, S., & Majidian, M. (2014). Effect of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer and vermi-compost on yield and quality of sweet corn (Zea mays Hybrid Chase). Journal of Crop Production and Processing, 4(11), 15-25.
Iqbal, S. M. B. S., & Afzal, I. (2014). Evaluating the response of nitrogen application on growth development and yield of quinoa genotypes. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 16(5).
Jalilian, A., Hamedi, F., Neamati, A., Sheikholaslami, M., Sabeti, P., & Zandian, F. (2017). The effect of one-year application of vermicompost on yield and quality of sugar beet and its economic assessment Applied Research in Field Crops, 30(3), 10-12: 53-65.
Jamali, S., Sharifan, H., Hezarjaribi, A., & Sepahvand, N.A. (2016). The effect of different levels of salinity on germination and growth indices of two cultivars of Quinoa. Journal of Soil and Water Resources Conservation, 6(1), 87-98. (In Persian).
Jat, R. S., & Ahlawat, I. P. S. (2006). Direct and residual effect of vermicompost, biofertilizers and phosphorus on soil nutrient dynamics and productivity of chickpea-fodder maize sequence. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 28(1), 41-54.
Lichtenthder, H. K. (1987). Cholorophylls and carotenoids: pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes. Enzymology, 148, 350-382.
Mahmud, M., Abdullah, R., & Syafawati Yaacob, J. (2018). Effect of vermicompost amendment on nutritional status of sandy loam soil, growth performance, and yield of pineapple (Ananas comosus var. MD2) under field conditions. Agronomy, 8(183), 1-17.
Monaghash, F., Maleki, A., & Zolnorian, H. (2015). Effect of Application Methods of Vermicompost and Chemical Fertilizers on Tuber Yield and Some Morphological Traits of Potato (Solanum tuberosum). Journal of crop Ecophysiyology, 9(3). (In Persian).
Moradi, R. (2009). Evaluation of biologic and organic fertilizers effects on grain yield, yield components and essence of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare). M.Sc. dissertation, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
Mousavi S.M., Bahmanyar, M.A., Pirdashti, H.A., Gillani, S.S., Firouzi, F.A., & Ghasempour, O. A. (2009). Investigation the influence of vermicompost alone and enriched on some agronomic properties of rice at flowering stage. In: Proceeding of the 11th National Soil Sciences Congress, Gorgan, Iran, 12 14 July 2009, Pp: 1359-1361. Padmavathiamma P.K., Li L.Y., & Kumari, U.R. (2008). An experimental study of vermi- biowaste composting for agriculture soil improvement. Bioresource Technology, 99, 1672-1681.
Nasiri, Y., Baghban Akbari, p., Nouraein, M., & Amini, R. (2019). Evaluation of Farmyard and Vermicompost Application and Spray of Ascorbic Acid and Humic Substances on Dragonhead Production (Dracocephalam moldavica L.). Journal of agricultural science and sustainable production, 29(4). (In Persian).
Qafari Rahbar, F., Hassanpour Asil, M., Vaziri, A., Talesh Sasani, S., & Olfati, J. (2019). Effects of Different Levels of Vermicompost on Some Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Lilium LA Hybrid. Journal of Crops Improvement, 22(3), 475-486. (In Persian).
Raja Sekar, K., & Karmegan, N. (2010). Earthworm casts as an alternate carrier material for biofertilizers: Assessment of endurance and viability of Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus megaterium and Rhizobium leguminosarum. Scientia Horticulturae, 124, 286-289.
Rakshit, R. A. K., Patra, T. J., Purakayastha, R. D., Singh, H., & Dhar, S. (2015). Effect of Superoptimal Dose of NPK Fertilizers on Nutrient Harvest Index, Uptake and Soil Fertility Levels in Wheat Crop under a Maize (Zea mays)-Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Cropping System. International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management, 6(1), 15-23.
Sharma, R. K., Agrawal, M., & Marshall, F. M. (2006). Heavy metal contamination in vegetables grown in wastewater irrigated areas of Varanasi, India. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 77, 312-318.
Suthar, S. (2009). Impact of vermicompost and composted farmyard manure on growth and yield of garlic (Allium stivum L.) field crop. International Journal of Plant Production, 3(1), 128-132.
Thanapornpoonpong, S. N. (2004). Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen assimilation and seed quality of amaranth and quinoa (Doctoral dissertation, Niedersächsische Staats-und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen).
Varnaseri Ghandali, V., Rezvani Moghadam, P., & Khorramdel, S. (2019). Investigation of Growth Indices, Grain yield and Yield Components of Canary seed (Phalaris canariensis) in Response to the Different Levels of Irrigation, Organic and Chemical Fertilizers. Journal of Agroecology, 11(1), 123-135. (In Persian).
Yousefzadeh, S. (2019). The effect of application of Vermicompost levels and Nitrogen on some of Agro-morphological traits, Photosynthetic Pigments and Essential oil content of Hyssop (Hyssopus oficinalis L.). Journal of Crop Production, 11(3), 131-137. (In Persian).
Zgallai, H., Steppe, K., & Lemeur, R. (2006). Effects of different levels of water stress on leaf water potential, stomatal resistance, protein and chlorophyll content and certain anti oxidative enzymes in tomato plants. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 48(6), 679-685.