Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Gonbad Kavous, Gonbad Kavous, Iran.
2 Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Gonbad Kavous, Gonbad Kavous, Ira
3 Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Gonbad Kavous, Gonbad Kavous, Iran
4 Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Shirvan Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bojnurd, Bojnurd, Iran
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most important strategic crops in Iran, which cultivated 56% of the total crop areas (5437804 hectares) . In order to study the trend of yield changes and related traits in wheat cultivars during 1968 to 2016 years, an experiment was conducted with 20 wheat cultivars in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications at Shirvan Higher Education Complex, Iran, during 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 growing seasons. The findings indicated that the cultivars released in Iran do not have significant differences in terms of the number of seeds per spike, plant height, spike length, biological yield and gluten percentage, but grain yield, harvest index, 1000-grain weight and protein percentage have a positive increasing slope, and they have improved by 61.84, 63.54, 62.37 and 14.4%, respectively, during the last 48 years. Wheat breeding has progressed towards becoming single spike in Iran. Path analysis showed that the plant height, biological yield, number of fertile tillers/m2 and harvest index explain more than 96% of yield changes. Traits such as harvest index and number of fertile tillers as the most important traits are effective in increasing and decreasing grain yield in Iranian wheat’s, respectively.
Keywords: Grain yield, Harvest index, Plant height, Protein, Wheat.
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