Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Gonbad Kavous, Gonbad Kavous, Iran.
2 (4) Associated Professor, Plant Production Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous
3 Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Shirvan Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bojnurd, Bojnurd, Iran.
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this experiment was to study the trend of yield fluctuations and related traits in released wheat cultivars in Iran from 1968 to 2016.
Methods: This experiment was conducted with 16 wheat cultivars based on a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications at Shirvan Higher Education Complex in North Khorasan during the 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 growing seasons.
Results: The findings indicated that the Iranian cultivars released do not have significant differences in terms of the number of seeds per spike, plant height, spike length, biological yield and gluten percentage, but grain yield, harvest index, 1000-seeds weight and protein percentage have improved by 61.84, 63.54, 62.37 and 14.4%, respectively, during the last 48 years. Additionally, wheat breeding in Iran has progressed towards single-spike formation. Path analysis showed that the plant height, biological yield, number of fertile tillers/m2 and harvest index explain more than 96% of yield changes and that traits such as the harvest index and number of fertile tillers are considered the most important traits in increasing and decreasing grain yield in Iranian wheat.
Conclusion: According to the results of the causality analysis, it can be concluded that the selection for grain yield, based on other traits and without considering the relationships between them, may not provide accurate results. It is necessary to obtain a correct understanding of the role of the relationships between traits in breeding programs to increase selection efficiency.
Keywords
منابع
احمدی‌راد، امین؛ محمدی، رضا؛ اطمینان، علیرضا؛ شوشتری، لیلا و مهراس مهرابی، علی (1401). ارزیابی مورفولوژیک ژنوتیپ‌های گندم دوروم در شرایط دیم. تحقیقات غلات، 12(1)،21-44.
بیجندی، علی (1395). مطالعه تغییرات فنولوژیک ارقام زمستانه گندم تحت اثر تاریخ کاشت، تنش خشکی و سطوح نیتروژن و رابطه آن با عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد. رساله دکتری. به راهنمایی محمد کافی. مشهد: دانشگاه فردوسی، دانشکده کشاورزی.
راحمی کاریزکی، علی (1390). بررسی روند تغییرات خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک و مورفولوژیک مؤثر بر بهبود عملکرد گندم. رساله دکتری. به راهنمایی سدالله گالشی. گرگان: دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشکده کشاورزی.
راحمی کاریزکی، علی؛ رضایی، هادی؛ قلی‌زاده، عبدالطیف؛ نخزری مقدم، علی؛ و معصومی، نعیمه (1398). بررسی واکنش ارقام گندم دیم (Triticum aestivum L.) در دومنطقه نیمه‌خشک و نیمه‌مرطوب استان گلستان. نشریه پژوهش‌های زراعی ایران، 17(4)، 559-579.
راحمی کاریزکی، علی؛ گالشی، سرالله و سلطانی، افشین (1394). ارزیابی بهبود سرعت و دوره رشد دانه طی فرایندهای اصلاحی در ارقام گندم.نشریه پژوهش‌های تولیدات گیاهی، 22(1)، 23-38.
رحمتی، مهنار؛ احمدی، علی؛ میناپور، علی و حمیدیان، کیانوش (1401). ارزیابی پتاسیل عملکرد ژنوتیپ‌های گندم دیم در شرایط بهره‌بردار. تحقیقات علوم زراعی در مناطق خشک، 4(1)، 263-275.
رستمی، زینب (1397). مقایسه لاین‌های پیشرفته گندم برای شرایط دیم زنجان. پایان‌نامه کارشناسی ارشد. به راهنمایی جلال صبا. زنجان: دانشگاه زنجان، دانشکده کشاورزی.
References
Ahmadirad, A., Mohammadi, R., Tsait, A., Shushtri, L., & Mehras Mehrabi, A. (2021). Morphological evaluation of durum wheat genotypes under dry conditions. Cereal Research, 12(1), 21-44. (In Persian).
Astine, R. B. (1999). Yield of wheat in United Kingdom: Recent advances and prospect. Crop Scence Society Of America. 39, 1604-1610. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1999.3961604x
Aydin, N., Mut, Z., & Ozcan, H. (2010). Estimation of broad-sense heritability for grain yield and some agronomic and quality traits of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 8(2), 419-421.
Bijandi, A. (2015). Studying the phenological changes of winter wheat cultivars under the effect of planting date, drought stress and nitrogen levels and its relationship with yield and yield components. Ph.D. Thesis. under the guidance of Mohammad Kafi. Mashhad: Ferdowsi University, Faculty of Agriculture. (In Persian).
Brancourt-Hulmel, M., Doussinault, G., Lecomte, C., Be´rard, P., Le Buanec, B., & Trottet, M. (2003). Genetic improvement of agronomic traits of winter wheat cultivars released in France from 1946 to 1992. Crop Science 43, 37-45
Buczek, J., Migut, D., & Jańczak-Pieniążek, M. (2021). Effect of soil tillage practice on photosynthesis, grain yield and quality of hybrid winter wheat. Agriculture, 11(6), 479. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11060479 .
Chairi, F., Vergara-Diaz, O., Vatter, T., Aparicio, N., Nieto-Taladriz, M. T., Kefauver, S. C., Bort, J., Serret, M. D., & Araus, J. L. (2018). Post-green revolution genetic advance in durum wheat: the case of Spain. Field Crop Reserch, 228, 58-169. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.fcr.2018.09.003.
Del Pozo, A., Yáñez, A., Matus, I. A., Tapia, G., Castillo, D., Sanchez-Jardón, L., & Araus, J. L. (2016). Physiological traits associated with wheat yield potential and performance under water-stress in a Mediterranean environment. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7, 987.
Esmaeilzadeh Moghaddam, M., Jalal Kamali, M. R., Anet, Z., Roshani M., & Ghodsi, M. (2014). Temporal variation in phenological characteristics, grain yield, and yield components of spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars released in Iran between 1952 and (2009). Crop Breeding Journal 4(1), 57-64
Ferreira, A. S., Balbinot Junior, A. A., Werner, F., Zucareli, C., Franchini, J. C., & Debiasi, H. (2016). Plant density and mineral nitrogen fertilization influencing yield, yield components and concentration of oil and protein in soybean grains. Bragantia, 73(3), 362-370. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.479.
Fischer, R. A., & Edmeades, G. O. (2010). Breeding and cereal yield progress. Crop Science, 50, 85–98.
Fisher, R. A., & Kohn, G. D. (1999). The relationships of grain yield to vegetative growth and post-flowering leaf area in the wheat crop under conditions of limited soil moisture. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 17(2), 281-295.
Graybosch, R. A., & Peterson, C. J. (2010). Genetic improvement in winter wheat yields in the Great Plains of North America, 1959-2008. Crop Science, 50, 1882-1890.
Kahiluoto, H., Kaseva, J., Balek, J., Olesen, J. E., Ruiz-Ramos, M., Gobin, A., Kersebaum, K. C., Tak´aˇc, J., Ruget, F., Ferrise, R., Bezak, P., Capellades, G., Dibari, C., M¨akinen, H., Nendel, C., Ventrella, D., Rodríguez, A., Bindi, M., & Trnka, M. (2019). Decline in climate resilience of European wheat. Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116, 123-128. https://doi.org/ 10.1073/pnas.1804387115.
Li, H., Rasheed, A., Hickey, L. T., & He, Z. (2018). Fast-forwarding genetic gain. Trends Plant Science, 23, 184-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2018.01.007.
Liu, Y., Zhang, P., Li, M., Chang, L., Cheng, H., Chai, S., & Yang, D. (2020). Dynamic responses of accumulation and remobilization of water soluble carbohydrates in wheat stem to drought stress. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 155, 262-270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy. 2020.07.024.
Lopes, M. S., El-Basyoni, I., Baenziger, P. S., Singh, S., Royo, C., Ozbek, K., Aktas, H., Ozer, E., Ozdemir, F., Manickavelu, A., Ban, T., & Vikram, P. (2015). Exploiting genetic diversity from landraces in wheat breeding for adaptation to climate change. Journal of Experimental Botany, 66(12), 3477-3486.
Moradi, L., Siosemardeh, A., Sohrabi, Y., Bahramnejad, B., & Hosseinpanahi, F. (2022). Dry matter remobilization and associated traits, grain yield stability, N utilization, and grain protein concentration in wheat cultivars under supplemental irrigation. Agricultural Water Management, 263, 107449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107449 .
Morgounova, A., Zykinb, V., Belanb, I., Roseevab, L., Zelenskiyc, Yu., Budakd, H., & Bekese, F. (2010). Genetic gains for grain yield in high latitude spring wheat grown in Western. Siberia in 1900-2008. Field Crops Research, 117, 101-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2010.02.001.
Morinaka, Y., Sakamoto, T., Inukai, Y., Agetsuma, M., Kitano, H., Ashikari, M., & Matsuoka, M. (2006). Morphological alteration caused by brassinosteroid insensitivity increases the biomass and grain production of rice. Plant Physiology, 141, 924-931. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.106.077081.
Muurinen, S., Kleemola, J., & Peltonen-Sainio, P. (2007). Accumulation and translocation of nitrogen in spring cereal cultivars differing in nitrogen use efficiency. Agronomy Journal, 99, 441-449. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2006.0107.
RahemiKarizaki, A., Galeshi, S., & Soltani, A. (2015). Evaluation of improvement of rate and duration of grain filling duration inbreeding processes in wheat cultivars. Journal of Plant Production Research, 22(1), 23-37. https://doi.org/20.1001.1.23222050.1394.22.1.2.9. (In Persian).
RahemiKarizaki, A., Rezaei, H., Gholizadeh, A., Nakhzari, A., & Naeemi, M. (2020). Study of the Response of Rainfed Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars in Semi-arid and Semi-humid Regions of Golestan Province. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 17(4), 579-590. DOI:10.22067/GSC.V17I4.77484. (In Persian).
Rahmati, M, Ahmadi, A., Minapour, A., & Hamidian, K. (2021). Evaluation of the yield potential of dryland wheat genotypes under the operating conditions. Agricultural Science Research in Arid Regions, 4(1), 263-275. (In Persian).
RahemiKarizki, A. (2011). Investigating the process of changes in physiological and morphological characteristics affecting the improvement of wheat yield. Ph.D. Thesis. Guided by Sadullah Galshi. Gorgan: University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture. (In Persian).
Rezaei, E. E., Ghazaryan, G., Moradi, R., Dubovyk, O., & Siebert, S. (2021). Crop harvested area, not yield, drives variability in crop production in Iran. Environmental Research Letters, 16(6), 064058. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abfe29.
Rezzouk, F. Z., Gracia-Romero, A., Kefauver, S. C., Nieto-Taladriz, M. T., Serret, M. D., & Araus, J. L. (2022). Durum wheat ideotypes in Mediterranean environments differing in water and temperature conditions. Agricultural Water Management, 259, 107-257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat. 2021.107257.
Rostami, Z. (2017). Comparison of advanced wheat lines for dry conditions in Zanjan. Master's thesis. With the guidance of Jalal Saba. Zanjan: Zanjan University, Faculty of Agriculture. (In Persian).
Roy, C., Chattopadhyay, T., Ranjan, R. D., Ul-Hasan, W., Kumar, A., & De, N. (2021). Association of leaf chlorophyll content with the stay-green trait and grain yield in wheat grown under heat stress conditions. Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 57, 140-148.
Ruisi, P., Ingraffia, R., Urso, V., Giambalvo, D., Alfonzo, A., Corona, O., & Frenda, A. S. (2021). Influence of grain quality, semolinas and baker’s yeast on bread made from old landraces and modern genotypes of Sicilian durum wheat. Food Research International, 140, 110029. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2020.110029.
Sadras, V. O., & Lawson, C. (2011). Genetic gain in yield and associated changes in phenotype, trait plasticity and competitive ability of South Australian wheat varieties released between 1958 and 2007. Crop and Pasture Science, 62, 533-549.
Sanchez-Garcia, M., Royo, C., Aparicio, N. J. A., & Álvaro, F. (2012). Genetic improvement of bread wheat yield and associated traits in Spain during the 20th century. Journal of Agricultural Science, 151(1), 105-118.
Slafer, G. A., & Andrade, F. H. (1999). Physiological attributes related to the generation of grain yield in bread wheat cultivars released at different ears. Field Crop Reserch, 31,351-367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4290(93)90073-V.
Sousa, D. P., Souza, P. J. O. P., Silva Farias, V. D., Caldas Nunes, H. G., Ferreira, D. P., Novoa, J. V. P., & Alves de Lima, M. J. (2018). Radiation use efficiency for Cowpea subjected to different irrigation depths under the climatic conditions of the Northeast of Para State. Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia, 33(4), 579 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102- 7786334001.
Triboi, E., Martre, P., Girousse, C., Ravel, C., & Triboi-Blondel, A. M. (2006). Unravelling environmental and genetic relationships between grain yield and nitrogen concentration for wheat. Eur. J. Agron., 25, 108-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2006.04.004.
Waddington, S. R., Raansom, J. K., Osmanzai, M., & Sanders, D. A. (1986). Improvement in the yield potential of bread wheat adapted to northwest Mexico. Crop Science, 67, 325-333. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1986.0011183X002600040012x.
Wang, L., Chen, F. Zhang, F., & Mi, G. (2010). Two strategies for achieving higher yield under phosphorus deficiency in winter wheat grown in field conditions. Field Crops Research, 118, 36-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2010.04.002.
Zhang, H., Wang, X., Zhu, J., & Kuo, C. C. J. (2019). Fast face detection on mobile devices byleveraging global and local facial characteristics.Signal Processing: Image Communication, 78, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.image.2019.05.016.
Zhou, Y., He, Z.H., Sui, X.X., Xia, X.C., Zhang, K., & Zhang, G.S. (2007). Genetic improvement of grain yield and associated traits in the Northern China winter wheat region from 1960 to 2000. Crop Science, 47, 245-253.
)