Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Plant Production Engineering and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran. E-mail: s.pourbaghaei@itvhe.ac.ir

2 Department of Plant Production Engineering and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran. E-mail: pouryousef@znu.ac.ir

3 Department of Plant Production Engineering and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran. E-mail: yousefi.alireza@znu.ac.ir

4 Lorestan Agricultural Research and Training Center, Khorramabad, Iran. E-mail: m.rafiei@areeo.ac.ir

Abstract

In order to evaluate the biochemical properties of dragon’s head (Lallemantia iberica L.) ecotypes’ using some anti-perspirants in rainfed conditions in the crop year 2018, an experiment has been conducted in Karaj and Khorramabad regions. The experiment is based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with a factorial arrangement, consisted of three replications. The first factor involves four different ecotypes of dragon’s head (Kurdistan, Takab, Nazarkahrizi, and Kalibar) and the second factor includes three anti-transpirant compounds (kaolin with a concentration of 5%, chitosan with a concentration of 1%, and Ista with a concentration of 2%) as well as no anti-transpirant (control). The results show that using anti-transpirants has increased the amount of the activity of catalase and peroxidase enzymes. Ista anti-transpirant has had a greater effect on enzyme activity than kaolin and chitosan. The highest amount of peroxidase and catalase (0.51-0.39 unit mg/protein) are obtained from the ecotypes of Kurdistan treated with Ista and Karaj cultivation, respectively. In addition, the highest grain yield and biomass yield are obtained from treatment with chitosan, which has increased by 4% to 20%, compared to the control, respectively. Based on the results, using anti-transpirants in dryland cultivation conditions improves most of the studied yield traits and biochemical traits compared to the control.

Keywords

Abdollahi, M., Maleki Farahani, S., Fotokian, M. H., & Hassan Zadh Qvrt Tappeh, A. (2013). Yield, yield components and water use efficiency under drought stress for irrigation management of (Lallemantia iberica). Irrigation and Water Management, 3(2), 103-120. (in Persian)
Aghaei-Gharachorlou, P., & Nasrollahzadeh, S. (2015). Effect of drought stress and plant density on oil percentage, oil and grain yield of dragon’s head (Lallemantia Iberica Fish. et Mey.). International Journal of Agriculture Innovations and Research, 2(4), 654-659.
Anjum, S.A., Xie, X.Y., Wang, L.C., Saleem, M.F., Man, C., & Lei, W. (2011). Morphological, physiological and biochemical responses of plants to drought stress. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6 (9), 2026-2032.
Ameri, R. Azizi, M., Tehranifar, A., & Rowshan, V. (2012). Effect of Natural Antitranspirant Compounds on Physiological and Biological Properties of Basil (Ocimum basilicum) under Water Stress Condition. Journal of Horticultural Science, 29, 55-67.
Bates, L.S., Waldern, R.P., & Tear, I.D. (1973): Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant and Soil. 39, 207-207.
Chance, B., & Maehly, A. (1955). Assay of catalases and peroxidases. Methods Enzymol. 2, 764-775.
Demirevska, K., Zasheva, D., Dimitrov, R., Simova-Stoilova, L., Stamenova, M., &Feller, U. (2009). Drought stress effects on Rubisco in wheat: changes in the Rubisco large subunit. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 31, 1129-1138.
Dehnavi, M.M., Niknam, N., Behzadi, Y., Mohtashami, R., & Bagheri, R. (2017(. Comparison of physiological responses of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) to drought and salt stress and salicylic acid foliar application. Iranian Journal of Plant Biology, 9(4), 39-62.
Del Amor, F.M. Cuadra Crep, P.J., Camaraand, M.R., & Madrid, J. (2010).  Effect  of foliar  application  of  anti-  transpirant  on  photosynthesis  and  water  relations  of  pepper  plants  under  different level CO2 and water stress. Journal of Plant Physiology, 167, 1232-1238.
Ekren, S., Sonmez, C., Ozcakal, E., Kurtta, Y.S.K., Bayram, E., & Gurgulu H. (2012). The effect of different irrigation water levels on yield and quality characteristics of purple basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Agricalture Water Management, 109, 155-161.
Emami Bistgani, Z., Siadat, S.A. Bakhshandeh, A., & Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A.) 2017). The effect of drought stress and elicitor of chitosan on photosynthetic pigments, proline, soluble sugars and lipid peroxidation in Thymus deanensis Celak in Shahrekord climate. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 10(1), 12-19.
Einizade, P., Dehghani, H., & Khodadadi, M. (2016). Investigation of drought stress tolerance and adaptation in Iranian endemic coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) populations. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science. 47(2), 317-327. (in Persian)
Fateh, H., Siosemardeh, A., Karimpoor, M., & Sharafi, S. (2012). Effect of drought stress on photosynthesis and physiological characteristics of barley. International Journal of Farming and Allied Sciences, 1, 33-41.
Fu, J., & Huang, B. (2001). Involvement of Antioxidants and Lipid Peroxidation in the Adaptation of Two CoolSeasonGrasses to Localized Drought Stress. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 45, 105114.
Goreta, S., Leskovar, D. I., & Jifon, J. L. (2007). Gas exchange, water status, and growth of pepper seedlings exposed to transient water deficit stress are differentially altered by antitranspirants. American Society Horticulture Science, 132, 603-610.
Goksoy, A.T., demir, A.O., Turan, Z.M., & Dagusta, N. (2004). Responses of sunflower to full and limited irrigation at different growyh stages. Field Crops Research, (87), 167-178.
Gohari, R., & Bahrami, M. K. (2020). Effects of chitosan as growth elicitor on some growth parameters and essential oils yield of (Dracocephalium moldavica L.) under salinity condition. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 30(1), 155-169.
Ghorbanli, M., Bakhshi Khaniki, G.R., Salimi Elizei, S., & Hedayati, M. (2011). Effect of water deficit and its interaction with ascorbate on proline, soluble sugars, catalase and glutathione peroxidase amounts in (Nigella sativa L.) Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 26 (4), 466-476. (in Persian with English Summary)
Guan, Y.J.J. Hu, X. Wang, J., & Shao, C.X. (2009) Seed priming with chitosan improves maize germination and seedling growth in relation to physiological changes under low temperature stress.Journal Zhejiang University Science. B, 427-433.
Prashanth, K. V. H., Dharmesh, S. M., Rao, K. S. J., & Tharanathan, R. N. (2007). Free radical-induced chitosan depolymerized products protect calf thymus DNA from oxidative damage. Carbohydrate Research, 342(2), 190-195.
Hong, J.W., Hendrix, D.A., & Levine, M.S. (2008). Shadow enhancers as a source of evolutionary novelty.  Science, 321(5894), 1314.
Iturbe-ormaetxe, I., Escuredo, P. R., Arrese-Igor, C., & Becana, M. (1998). Oxidative damage in pea plant exposed to water deficit or paraquat. Journal of Plant Physiology, 116, 173-181.
Jan-Mohammadi, M., Mostafavi, H., & Kazemi, H. )2014(. Effect of chitosan application on the performance of lentil genotypes under rainfed conditions. Acta Technologica Agricalture, 4, 86-90. )in Persian(
Jafarzadeh, L., Omidi, H., & Bostani, A.S. (2014). The study of drought stress and Bio fertilizer ofnitrogen on some biochemical traits of Marigold medicinal plant (Calendula officinalis L.). Journal of Plant Research (Iranian Journal of Biology), 27(2), 180-193. (in Persian)
Jiang, H.F., & Ren, X.P. (2004). The effect on SOD activity and protein content in groundnut leaves by drought stress. Acra Agromomica Sinra, 30, 169-174.
Jones, G., & Valamoti, S.M. (2005). Lallemantia an imported or introduced oil plant in Bronze Age northern Greece. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 14, 571-577.
Kar, M., & Mishra, D. (1976). Catalase, Peroxidase, and Polyphenoloxidase activities during Rice leaf senescence. Plant Physiology, 57, 315-319.
Khali, M., & Selselet-Attou, G. (2007). Effect of Heat Treatment on Polyphenol Oxidase and Peroxidase Activities in Algerian Stored Dates. Afr. J. Biotechnol, 6,790-794
Korir, P., Nyabundi, J., & Kimurto, P. (2006). Genotypic response of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to moisture stress conditions in Kenya. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 5, 24-32.
Koocheki, A., Jamshid Eyni, M., & Seyyedi, S.M. A. (2014). Irrigation levels and dense planting affect flower yield and phosphorus concentration of saffron corms under semi-arid region of Mashhad, Northeast Iran. Scientia Horticulturae, 180, 147-155
Kim, K.W., & Thomas, R.L. (2007). Antioxidative activity of chitosans with varying molecular weights. Journal of Food Chemistry, 101, 308-313.
Laspina, N.V., Groppa, M.D., Tomaro, M.L., & Benavides, M.P. (2005). Nitric oxide protects sunflower leaves against Cd-induced oxidative stress. Plant Science, 169, 323-330.
Mondal, M. M., Malek, M. A., Puteh, A. B., Ismail, M. R., Ashrafuzzaman, M., & Naher, L. (2012). Effect of foliar application of chitosan on growth and yield in okra. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 6(5), 918-921.
Mahdavi, B., & Rahimi, A. )2013(. Seed priming with chitosan improves thegermination and growth performance of ajowan (Carum copticum( under saltstress.Eurasian Journal Bioscience, 7, 69-76. )in Persian(
Majnoon-Hosseini, N., & Davazdah-Emami, S. (2007). Cultivation and Production of Certain Herbs and Spices. University of Tehran Press. (in Persian)
Mozaffarian, V. )2011(. Identification of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Iran. Farhang-e-Moaser, 1350p.
Molnár, I. S. Dulai, Csernák, Á., Prónay, J., & Láng, M.M. (2012). Photosynthetic responses to drought stress in different Aegilops species. Acta Biology, 49, 141-142.
Pandey, H.C., Baig, M.J., Chandra., A., & Bhatt., R.K. (2010). Drought stress induced changes in lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system in genus Avena. Journal of Environmental Biology, 31, 435-440.
Pareek, A., Sopory, S.K., & Bohnert, S.J. (2010). Abiotic Stress Adaptation in Plants. Springer Netherlands. New York City. United States, 546 pp.
Naderi, S., Fakheri, B.A., & Seraji, A. )2017).The effect of chitosan on some physiological and biochemical characteristics of Ajowan (Carum copticum L.). J Crop Sci Res Arid Re, 1(1), 51-64. DOI: 10.22034/csrar.01.01.05.
Nourzad, S., Ahmadian, A., Moghaddam, M., & Daneshfar, E. (2014). Effect of drought stress on yield, yield components and essential oil in coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) treated with organic and inorganic fertilizers. Journal of Crop Improvement, 2, 289-302. (in Persian)
Rasti, S., Omidi, H., & Fotokian, M.H. (2012). The effect of planting date and drought on quality and quantity characteristics Balangu Shirazi (Lallemantia royleana (wall) Benth.). Master Thesis of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahed University. (in Persian)
Rahmi, M., Sedaghat, S., & Ramezani, M. )2016(. Coping with drought by reducing evapotranspiration in green figs in rainfed conditions. Shiraz. Shiraz University Press. (in Persian(
Ritchie, S. W., & Nguyen, H. T. (1990). Leaf water content and gas exchange parameters of two wheat genotypes differing in drought resistance. Crop Science, 30, 105-111.
Shafagh-Kolvanagh, J., & Dast Borhan, S. (2017). Dragon's head, Medicinal and multi-purpose plant with many capabilities in expected cultivation autumn and spring dryland agriculture. Second National Conference on Iranian Medicinal Herbs, Urmia. (in Persian)
Setayesh-mehr, Z., & Ganjali, A. (2013). Effects of drought stress on growth and physiological characteristics of Anethum graveolens L.. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 27, 27-35.
Segura-Monroy, S., Uribe-Vallejo, A., Ramirez-Godoy, A., & Restrepo-Diaz, H. (2015). Effect of Kaolin application on growth, water use efficiency, and leaf epidermis characteristics of Physalis peruviana L. seedlings under two irrigation regimes. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 17, 1585-1596 .
Shabazi, S., Alizadeh, Kh., & Fatherezaie, V. (2012). Study on planting possibility of Dragon's head (Lallemantia iberica F., & C. M.) landraces in cold rainfed conditions. Iranian Agricultural Dryland Journal, 2, 82-95. (in Persian)
Sheikha, S.A.K., & Al-Malki, F.M. (2011). Growth and chlorophyll responses of bean plants to chitosan applications. European Journal Science Research, 50, 124-134. (in Persian(
Sheykhi Sanandaji, D., & Pirzad, A. (2019). Ecophysiological response of Lallemantia iberica L. to exogenous application of osmotic adjustments in rainfed production. Journal of Agroecology, 11(3), 1105-1121.
Tan, Y., Liang, Z.S., Shao, H. B., & Du, F. (2006). Effect of water deficits on the activity of antioxidative enzymes and osmoregulation among three different genotypes of Radix Astragali atseeding stage. Colloids and Surface science, 49, 60-65.
Winter, M., Smith, C., Morris, P., & Cicmil, S. )2006(. Directions for future research in project management: The main findings of a UK government-funded research network. International Journal of Project Management, 24, 638-649.
Yen, M. T., Yang, J. H., & Mau, J. L. (2008). Antioxidant properties of chitosan from crab shells. Carbohydrat, 74, 840-844.