Ebrahim Morshedi; MOHAMMAD HOOSAIN GHARINEH; Ahmad Kochekzadeh; Abdol Mehdi Bakhshandeh
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate effect of Bacillus and Pseudomonas on Quantitative and Qualitative Yield and malting efficiency of different Barley cultivars in rainfed conditions in a farm of Ilam Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center in 2017 and 2018. The experiment was factorial ...
Read More
An experiment was conducted to evaluate effect of Bacillus and Pseudomonas on Quantitative and Qualitative Yield and malting efficiency of different Barley cultivars in rainfed conditions in a farm of Ilam Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center in 2017 and 2018. The experiment was factorial according to randomized complete blocks design with four replications. Three cultivars: Behrokh, Grace, and Sararoud1 as first and seed inoculated with growth-promoting bacteria and Fertilizer at eight levels (including: control, complete fertilizer (Field recommendation), Pseudomonas bacteria, Bacillus bacteria, combination of Pseudomonas and Bacillus bacteria, Pseudomonas bacteria + half fertilizer, Bacillus bacteria + half fertilizer and combination of Pseudomonas and Bacillus bacteria + half fertilizer) were considered as second factor. The results showed that all the studied traits (except malting efficiency) addition main effect, were significantly affected by year interaction in cultivar in fertilizer treatment, but malting efficiency influenced by interaction cultivar in fertilizer treatments. Heights number of seeds per spike, number of spikes per m-2, and grain yield were recorded by a combination of Pseudomonas and Bacillus bacteria + half fertilizer under garis cultivar with means 31, 390 and 5294 kg/h in 2018 and 35, 400 and 6222 kg/h respectively. Maximum malting efficiency (95.5 %) also was observed in the combination of Pseudomonas and Bacillus bacteria + half fertilizer under Behrokh.
Mahsa Rafati Alashti; Shahryar Kazemi; Mojdeh Sadat Khayat Moghadam
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the most important factors in reducing yield and seed quality of rapeseed. Evaluation the effect of application of brassinosteroid on seed yield, oil content, oil yield and fatty acids profile of rapeseed genotypes under late-season water deficit stress has been considered as ...
Read More
Drought stress is one of the most important factors in reducing yield and seed quality of rapeseed. Evaluation the effect of application of brassinosteroid on seed yield, oil content, oil yield and fatty acids profile of rapeseed genotypes under late-season water deficit stress has been considered as the main purpose of the current study. A factorial split-plot test was conducted in a randomized complete blocks design for two cultivation years (2017-2019) in Karaj, Iran. Experimental treatments were included two levels of brassinosteroid (0 (control) and 0.1μmol) and two levels of irrigation (full irrigation (control) and withholding irrigation from flowering stage) as factorial in the main plots, and rapeseed genotypes (Nafis, Ahmadi, Okapi, Nima and Niloufar) were considered as subplots. The levels of oleic acid and linoleic acid in the conditions of application of brassinosteroids were 0.7% and 11% in full irrigation conditions and 1.1% and 6.4% in withholding irrigation conditions, respectively, compared to the control treatmen on tthe other hand, the use of brassinosteroids in withholding irrigation conditions reduced palmitic acid by 14% compared to the control. Okapi genotype had the highest and lowest erucic acid and grain yield in irrigation conditions, respectively. This was while under drought stress conditions, the highest seed yield (3112.3 kg/ha) and the lowest amount of erucic acid (0.26%) belonged to Niloufar genotype. The use of brassinosteroids in both irrigation treatments improved the quality of fatty acids and Niloufar cultivar is recommended in both irrigation conditions.
Faezeh Heidari; Jalal Jalilian; esmaeil gholinezhad
Abstract
This experiment was conducted on factorial experimental based on completely randomized design with three replications in the research field of Urmia University during 2017-2018. The first factor was salinity stress with water of Lake Urmia at three levels (0, 16, 32 dS m-1) and the second factor was ...
Read More
This experiment was conducted on factorial experimental based on completely randomized design with three replications in the research field of Urmia University during 2017-2018. The first factor was salinity stress with water of Lake Urmia at three levels (0, 16, 32 dS m-1) and the second factor was nano-fertilizer at five levels (potassium, zinc calcium, silica, and no foliar application (control)). The results showed that the highest and lowest values of plant height, leaf dry weight and inflorescence dry weight were obtained from the treatment without salinity stress and salinity stress at 32 dS m-1, respectively. Salinity stress at 32 and 16 ds/m compared to control increased crude protein (5 and 3%), soluble carbohydrates (15 and 14%), acid detergent fiber (23 and 7%), neutral detergent fiber (20% and 5%) and crude fiber (10% and 5%), respectively, while it reduced the total ash (27 and 17%) and dry matter digestibility (22 and 8%). Also, foliar application of nano-fertilizers improved forage quality traits such as crude protein, total ash, dry matter digestibility and soluble carbohydrate content and unfavorable qualitative traits such as neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and crude fiber decreased. Therefore, in order to improve the growth and increase the quality of quinoa forage and to reduce the effects of salinity stress, foliar application with various nano-fertilizers, especially calcium nano-fertilizer, is recommended.
arefeh mazrouei; keramatollah saeidi; zahara izadi; Abdolrahman Mohammadkhani
Abstract
Since harvested horticultural products are highly perishable, techniques and methods should be used to increase their shelf life for their use in all seasons and their export. The effects of the encapsulation of Satureja bachtiarica essential oil with chitosan on the sensory and qualitative characteristics ...
Read More
Since harvested horticultural products are highly perishable, techniques and methods should be used to increase their shelf life for their use in all seasons and their export. The effects of the encapsulation of Satureja bachtiarica essential oil with chitosan on the sensory and qualitative characteristics of pomegranate arils were studied in an experiment based on a completely randomized design with eight treatments including different w/w ratios of S. bachtiarica essential oil to chitosan (1:1, 1:2, and 1:3) at two spray levels of S. bachtiarica essential oil (0.3 and 0.6), and a pre-treatment and a post-treatment control, with three replications in the research laboratory of Shahrekord University in 2020-2021. Arils treated with the chitosan: essential oil ratio of 1-0.6 exhibited the best appearance and those treated with 2-0.3 and 3-0.3 exhibited the best taste. Based on the results, the diameter of the antimicrobial halo related to the fungus was 2 mm in the essential oil treatment and 5.5 mm in the essential oil: chitosan ratio of 1:2. The highest encapsulation efficiency and the smallest particle size were related to the treatment of 1:2. The ratio of 1:3 showed higher efficiency than the ratio of 1:1 (55.1 percent versus 51.2 percent). The lowest zeta potential was obtained from the 1:3 ratio and the highest from the 1:1 ratio. Overall, coating pomegranate arils and selecting an appropriate concentration of S. bachtiarica with chitosan coating (1-0.3 and 2-0.3) can significantly contribute to preserving the shelf life, marketability, and nutritional quality of pomegranate arils.
mohammad reza baghbani; Abdolreza Siahpoosh; Alireza Shafeinia; Elham Elahifard
Abstract
. Fennel, plant has slow growth in the first year and is a weak competitor in the competition with weeds due to being in their shade. This condition ultimately affects its performance and reduces it.. Therefore, in order to evaluate weed control using plant density, trifluralin herbicide and mechanical ...
Read More
. Fennel, plant has slow growth in the first year and is a weak competitor in the competition with weeds due to being in their shade. This condition ultimately affects its performance and reduces it.. Therefore, in order to evaluate weed control using plant density, trifluralin herbicide and mechanical control, an experiment in the form of randomized complete blocks with three factors and three replications in the Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources in It was implemented in 2019-2020. Factors tested included mechanical control at two levels (without cultivator and double cultivator), plant density at three levels (6, 12 and 24 plants per square meter) and application of trifluralin herbicide at three levels (zero as a weed control). , 1.5 and 3 liters per hectare). The results of this study showed that the highest reduction in density and dry weight of weeds were 90.41% and 81.25%, respectively, in a plot with a density of 24 plants per square meter of fennel and 3 liters per hectare of herbicide trifluralin and It was obtained with two cultivators. Also, the treatment with (density of 24 plants per square meter of fennel and 1.5 liters per hectare of trifluralin and with 2 cultivators) did not show a significant difference with the above treatment. Therefore, to reduce the use of herbicides, a dose of 1.5 liters of trifluralin can be used instead of a dose of 3 liters, along with 2 cultivators.
Ali Reza Tavakoli; Reza Nosrati; Matin Jamaimoeini
Abstract
Heavy metals are considered important pollutants for the environment, many of these metals are toxic even in very low concentrations. The aim of this study was to compare the response of different sesame cultivars to irrigation with different levels of chromium contaminated water. The experiment was ...
Read More
Heavy metals are considered important pollutants for the environment, many of these metals are toxic even in very low concentrations. The aim of this study was to compare the response of different sesame cultivars to irrigation with different levels of chromium contaminated water. The experiment was carried out as factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Mayamey, Semnan Province, Iran. Experimental factors included irrigation with different levels of chromium-contaminated water in 5 levels (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100percent) and three sesame cultivars (Dashtestan, Oltan and local). The results indicated that irrigation with chromium-contaminated water significantly reduced the plant height and root length (p < 0.01), but had no significant effect on leaflet number and shoot fresh weight. The highest decrease in plant height and root length were observed under irrigation with 100% chromium-contaminated water. There was significant differences between sesame cultivars in relation to the growth characteristics. So, the Oltan cultivar had the highest plant height, leaflet number, root length and water productivity index compared to other cultivars. According to the results, high levels of chromium in irrigation water significantly reduced the growth of different cultivars.
HOSEIN nAZARLI; ali naderi arefi
Abstract
In order to improve the resistance of German chamomile to drought stress, this factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design in agricultural college of Tehran university in 2013-14 cropping season. Experimental treatments included 2 levels of drought stress (normal irrigation ...
Read More
In order to improve the resistance of German chamomile to drought stress, this factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design in agricultural college of Tehran university in 2013-14 cropping season. Experimental treatments included 2 levels of drought stress (normal irrigation and severe stress), 2 chamomile cultivars (German Badgold and Hungarian modified cultivars) and foliar spray with or without putrescine. The results showed that the simple effect of putrescine polyamine on plant height and biomass was significant at 1% level and on harvest index at 5% level. Plant height did not have a significant response to putrescine in control conditions, but in severe stress, the effect of foliar application showed a significant increase (13.5%). The simple effect of putrescine on percentage and essential oil yield (at 1% level) was significant. Also, the interaction effect of moisture regimes and foliar application with putrescine on essential oil content (at 5% level) and essential oil yield (at 1% level) was significant. Under optimal moisture conditions, putrescine resulted in a significant increase in essential oil content by 38%. But its foliar application in drought stress increased the essential oil content by only 4%. Foliar application of putrescine reduced the amount of farnesene and bisabolol B oxide in both conditions. Another important compound was bisabolone oxide A, which putrescine treatment had a positive effect on its accumulation, so that under favorable conditions of moisture its concentration increased by 87%, but under conditions of stress its effect decreased and showed only 35%.
Arefeh Alipour ghasem abad sofla; Ali Nakhzari Moghaddam; Mehdi Mollashahi; Ebrahim Gholamalalipour Alamdari
Abstract
Combining organic and chemical fertilizers is one of the most important ways to achieve sustainable agriculture. In order to investigate the effect of organic fertilizers with chemical fertilizers on yield, yield components and quality traits of sunflower, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized ...
Read More
Combining organic and chemical fertilizers is one of the most important ways to achieve sustainable agriculture. In order to investigate the effect of organic fertilizers with chemical fertilizers on yield, yield components and quality traits of sunflower, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in spring 2018 at Gonbad Kavous University farm research. Cultivar factor was included Haysan 25 and Oscar and combination of fertilizer factor was included no fertilizer application, 100 kg N/ha, 50 kg N/ha, 50 kg N/ha + 1.5 kg humic acid/ha, 50 kg N/ha + 0.5 kg Vita free/ha and 50 kg N/ha + 1.5 kg humic acid + 0.5 kg Vita free/ha. The results showed that the effect of cultivar and fertilizer on most of the measured traits was significant. Oscar cultivar produced higher grain yield, biological yield and oil percent and oil yield than Haysan 25 cultivar. Grain yield, oil yield, biological yield and plant height in 100 kg N/ha treatment was higher than other fertilizer treatments but was not significant difference with 50 kg N/ha + 1.5 kg humic acid/ha + 0.5 kg Vita free/ha treatment. Based on results, in order to achieve the maximum seed and oil yield of sunflower and to prevent excessive use of chemical fertilizers, the combined use of Nitrogen fertilizer, humic acid and vita free is necessary.
Seyed Farhad Saberali
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between planting date and the nitrogen rate on the growth and yield of winter wheat in Torbat-e-Jam, Khorasan Razavi province. The field experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with split plot arrangements and three replications in ...
Read More
The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between planting date and the nitrogen rate on the growth and yield of winter wheat in Torbat-e-Jam, Khorasan Razavi province. The field experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with split plot arrangements and three replications in Torbat-e-Jam, in the 2019-2020. Experimental treatments included three planting dates: 1 October, 17 October and 2 November as the main plot, and nitrogen fertilizer at levels 0 (as a control), 100, 125, 150, 175 and 200 kg nitrogen ha-1 as a subplot. Pishtaz cultivar was planted in experimental plots which included 7 planting lines with a row spacing of 15 cm and length of 8 m. The results of the analysis of variance showed that planting date and nitrogen fertilizer application and their interaction had a significant effect on all measured traits. The results showed that the yield and yield components were the highest on 1 October, and the values of most of these traits showed a significant decrease in planting on 12 November compared to 10 October. The highest grain yield was obtained from a nitrogen application rate of 200 kg ha-1 on 1 October and 16 October, while the maximum yield was obtained with an application rate of 175 kg ha-1 on 2 November. The growth and yield response of wheat to the rate of nitrogen application decreased with a delay in planting date, and the option of planting date must be considered in order to recommend efficient fertilizer usage.
Somayyeh Chenani; Mohammad Moradi Telavat; Ali Moshattati
Abstract
To investigate the effect of diferent levels of vermicompost and boron on safflower grain and oil yield, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications in the 2016-17 crop year at the research farm of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University ...
Read More
To investigate the effect of diferent levels of vermicompost and boron on safflower grain and oil yield, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications in the 2016-17 crop year at the research farm of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan. Experimental factors included four levels of vermicompost (0, 4, 8 and 12 tons per hectare) and four boron levels (0, 3, 6 and 9 kg per hectare) from the source of boric acid (H3BO3) as soil application. The results showed that the effect of vermicompost on most of the measured traits was significant. Accordingly, biological yield and yield components including of number of capitols per square meter, grain per capitol, and 1000-grain weight increased significantly to the highest level of vermicompost consumption. The effect of boron on grain number per capitol, grain yield, biological yield, stigma yield, harvest index, oil yield and grain protein percentage was significant. The interaction effect of vermicompost and boron on grain yield, harvest index, oil yield, grain protein percentage and nitrogen uptake per unit aera was significant. Comparison of means showed that the highest grain yield (3184 kg/ha) and the highest oil yield (939 kh/ha) were obtained in the treatment of 12 tons of vermiompost and 3 kg of boron per hectare. In both cases, grain and oil yield per unit area showed a 100% increase compared to the control treatment.
Raheleh Ghale Ghafi; Hossein HajiAbaee; Fathieh Nabhani; Salvia Mohammadpour; Zahra Ardanji Kalate Siyahdasht
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi (Rhizophagus irigularis) and rhizobacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens) on maize under different fertilization conditions as greenhouse research in the Jalin region of Gorgan in 2018 during two separate experiments. The aim of the ...
Read More
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi (Rhizophagus irigularis) and rhizobacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens) on maize under different fertilization conditions as greenhouse research in the Jalin region of Gorgan in 2018 during two separate experiments. The aim of the first experiment was to compare the conventional soil incubation with seed-coating incubation, and the second experiment was to assess the growth of maize incubated with mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria through seed-coating at three treatment levels of Hoagland nutrient solution (Control, 80 and 100 volumetric percentage of Hoagland solution). In both experiments, at 70 days after seed-coating, one gram of maize roots and soil attached to it were sampled and DNA was extracted from the maize rhizosphere. In the first experiment, there was no significant difference between the conventional soil incubation and seed-coating incubation according to the dry weight of stems and roots, roots’ longitudinal colonization percentage, arboscol abundance, vesicles abundance, and elements concentration. In the second experiment and under full fertilizing conditions, mycorrhizal incubation showed a significant increase in concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and zinc (18.1, 3.5, 56, and 46.0 mg/kg, respectively) compared to the control (12.6, 3.1, 39.6, and 24.4 mg/kg, respectively), and the bacterial incubation showed a significant increase for magnesium, zinc, and manganese (2.0, 42.6, and 145 mg/kg, respectively) compared to the control (1.0, 24.4, and 60 mg/kg, respectively).
musa Ebrahimpour; Pourang Kasraie; Hamidreza Larijani; Hamidreza Tohidi moghadam; Sahar Honarmand Jahromi
Abstract
In order to investigate the foliar application of bacterial herbicides and aqueous extracts of plants on morphological characteristics and starch of rice and barnyard grass weed, an experiment was conducted as split factorial based on a randomized complete block design cityAmol with three replications ...
Read More
In order to investigate the foliar application of bacterial herbicides and aqueous extracts of plants on morphological characteristics and starch of rice and barnyard grass weed, an experiment was conducted as split factorial based on a randomized complete block design cityAmol with three replications in the two cropping years of 2018 and 2019. Factors included foliar application of aqueous extracts plants and surfactant of sorghum, broccoli, nettle, eucalyptus, elder-berry, Streptomyces sp-albos containing thaxtomin, Xanthomonas campestris bacteria and control as the main factor, the concentration of the extract was zero, 5, 10 and 15 per thousand as a sub factor and the plant species of rice were Tarom cultivar and barnyard grass weed as a sub-sub factor. By extracts foliar application, barnyard grass seed yield and biological yield decreased and the seed starch percent increased. Rice seed yield in the using of 5 per thousand of broccoli extract and 5 per thousand of Streptomyces sp-albos has not significantly different from the control. By increasing the concentration of the extract, seed yield and biological yield of rice and barnyard grass showed a further decreasing, the most effect was obtained in 15 per thousand extracts. In rice, biological yield in sorghum, broccoli, eucalyptus and Streptomyces sp-albos extracts were in a statistical group with control treatment. The lowest seed yield in rice at 3.16 ton/ha was related to elder-berry extract and in barnyard grass at 0.68 and 0.61 ton/ha was related to nettle and elder-berry extract. According to the obtained results,
Nikrooz Bagheri; Maryam Rahimi Jahangirlou; Mehyar Jaberi Aghdam
Abstract
In order to present a new, non-destructive, accurate and fast method for estimating the nitrogen content of corn, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) multispectral sensing technology was used. The experiments were performed based on a randomized complete block design in four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (zero, ...
Read More
In order to present a new, non-destructive, accurate and fast method for estimating the nitrogen content of corn, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) multispectral sensing technology was used. The experiments were performed based on a randomized complete block design in four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (zero, 50, 100 and 150%) in Varamin city in the year of 2018. Sampling was carried out in two stages of fertilization (8-leaf Stage and Tasseling Stage). Multispectral aerial imaging and ground sampling were performed one week after each fertilizer application. After processing aerial imagery, vegetation indices were calculated and their correlation with the results of ground sampling was determined. Based on the results obtained from the correlation coefficients (r) and best subsets regression, among the spectral vegetation indices, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Nitrogen Reflectance Index (NIR), and Modified Triangular Vegetation Index2 (MTVI2) indices in both eight leaf collar (V8) and tasseling (VT) of maize growth stage was identified as the best indicator for estimating the nitrogen content of forage maize. At VT, a positive and significant relationship was obtained between NDVI (R2 = 0.86, P≤0.001), NRI (R2 = 0.70, P≤0.001) and MTVI2 (R2 = 0.46, P≤0.01) indices with maize nitrogen content. It can be concluded that UAV multispectral imaging provides acceptable accuracy in determining the nitrogen content of maize. This technology can help farmers to determine the appropriate time of fertilization.
Zoleikha Sharifi; ahmad zare; Elham Elahifard; alireza abdali
Abstract
In order to evaluate different levels of wheat straw mulch and herbicide on quantitative, qualitative yield and weeds control of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare MIL.) an experiment was conducted arranged as split-plot based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications at Agricultural Sciences ...
Read More
In order to evaluate different levels of wheat straw mulch and herbicide on quantitative, qualitative yield and weeds control of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare MIL.) an experiment was conducted arranged as split-plot based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications at Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan during 2019-2020 growing season. Treatments included different concentrations of Linuron herbicide (0, 1.5, 3, 4.5 L/ha) as the main plot and different levels of wheat straw mulch (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 tons /ha) as a subplot. The results revealed that the lowest dry weight of broadleaf and grass weeds (73 and 15 g/ m2) of 4.5 L/ha herbicide and 9 and 12 tons’/ha mulch was obtained. The highest grain yield was observed (80 g/m2) in 3L/ha of herbicide application and wheat straw mulch 9 ton/ha, and the lowest (18 g/m2) in treatment non-application of mulch and herbicide. The highest essential oil yield of fennel (2.82 g/m2) was obtained in treatment herbicide application (3 L/ha) and straw mulch (9 ton/ha), while in treatment non-application of mulch and herbicide was 0.48 g/m2. Therefore, in integrated weed management, the use of wheat straw mulch could be considered in reduction of weeds competition and achieving sustainable agriculture in medicinal plants.
Nader Khadem Moghadam Igdelou; Ahmad Golchin; Khadije Farhadi
Abstract
In order to study the effect of Cobalt, Molybdenum, and Nitrogen on the growth of Phaseolus vulgaris in soilless culture, a pot experiment was conducted in 2015-16 and in July, at 25˚C and light intensity of 40,000 lux as a factorial based on a CRD with 36 treatments and three replications in the greenhouse ...
Read More
In order to study the effect of Cobalt, Molybdenum, and Nitrogen on the growth of Phaseolus vulgaris in soilless culture, a pot experiment was conducted in 2015-16 and in July, at 25˚C and light intensity of 40,000 lux as a factorial based on a CRD with 36 treatments and three replications in the greenhouse of Zanjan University. The test factors consisted of four levels of Nitrogen (50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/l), three levels of Molybdenum (0.067, 0.2, and 0.6 mg/l) and, three levels of Cobalt (0.006, 0.06, and 0.3 mg/l). Factor levels were prepared by adding ammonium nitrate, ammonium molybdate, and cobalt chloride to a stock solution. Results of morphological traits showed that the highest pod dry weight was obtained in N100Mo0.6Co0.06 treatment which had a maximum difference of 47.9% with other treatments. The highest dry weight of shoots was obtained from N150Mo0.6Co0.006 treatment and the highest root dry weight was obtained from N150Mo0.6 and N150Co0.3 treatments. Also, the highest number of pods was obtained in N150Mo0.6, N100Co0.3 and Mo0.6Co0.3 treatments with values of 235.2, 266.4, and 220.8 g/pot, respectively. Investigation of physiological traits showed that the highest concentrations of Nitrogen, Molybdenum, and Cobalt were obtained from N200Mo0.6Co0.3, N150Mo0.6Co0.3, and N150Mo0.067Co0.006 treatments, respectively. Overall, it can be stated that the application of N100Mo0.6Co0.06 treatment can positively affect the dry weight of pods, which are economically productive and improve the performance of P. vulgaris (Talash cultivar).
majid moslemi; hamidreza mobasser; nematollah sedaghat; eiman eshghi
Abstract
Optimizing the rate of nitrogen fertilizer application is one of the important management strategies for yield improvement. In order to investigate the effects of nitrogen levels & stress during two years on morphological characteristics & agronomic traits of rice, an experiment was conducted ...
Read More
Optimizing the rate of nitrogen fertilizer application is one of the important management strategies for yield improvement. In order to investigate the effects of nitrogen levels & stress during two years on morphological characteristics & agronomic traits of rice, an experiment was conducted in the form of split plots in a randomized complete block design with four replications in 2009 & 2010 in a research farm located in Amol. Nitrogen levels at three levels (46, 69, 92 kg N / ha from urea source) as the main factor & sub-factor including four levels of stress or lack of nitrogen consumption (T1 = stress at full clustering stage, T2 = stress at stage the emergence of the initial cluster was T3 = stress at tillering stage and T4 = stress at transplanting stage). The results showed that number of full panicles per panicle, 1000-seed weight, Grain yield and harvest index in 2009 it was more than in 2010. Grain yield in the first year (450.25 g / m2) was higher than the second year (395.1 g / m2). Maximum harvest index was obtained in 2009 with nitrogen stress at full clustering stage. Therefore, the application of 69 kg of nitrogen in installments per hectare can be suggested to produce the highest grain yield.
Abdollah fariSa; Ali Nakhzari Moghaddam; ali Rahemi karizaki; Mohammad Salahi Farahi
Abstract
In order to study the effect of nitrogen splitting and supplemental irrigation on yield, yield components and oil percentage of sunflower a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design on farm research of Gonbad University with three replications in crop year of 2019. ...
Read More
In order to study the effect of nitrogen splitting and supplemental irrigation on yield, yield components and oil percentage of sunflower a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design on farm research of Gonbad University with three replications in crop year of 2019. Treatments of experiment was included nitrogen splitting (none consumption of nitrogen ((as control)), 25% of nitrogen at planting time and 75% before flowering, 50% of nitrogen at planting time and 50% before flowering and 75% of nitrogen at planting and 25% before flowering and supplemental irrigation (none irrigation ((as control)), supplementary irrigation at flowering stage, supplemental irrigation at grain filling stage, supplemental irrigation at flowering stage and grain filling stages) in four levels. The results showed that consumption of 25% nitrogen at planting time and 75% before flowering had the highest increase in number of grains per row, number of grains per head, one thousand-grain weight, grain yield (4318 kg.ha-1) and harvest index. Consumption of 75% nitrogen at planting time and 25% before flowering increased number of rows per capitul. None consumption of nitrogen increased oil percent but oil yield decreased. Irrigation at flowering and grain filling stages increased number of grain per capitol, grain weight and grain yield (4427 kg.ha-1). According to the results, irrigation at flowering and grain filling stages and also application of 25% nitrogen at planting time and 75% before flowering is suitable for achievement of optimum yield of sunflower.
ali ashori; Manoochehr Gholipoor; Ahmad Gholami; Hamid Abbasdokht
Abstract
Evaluation of some morphological and physiological characteristics of cumin by using of magnetic water and superabsorbent under low irrigation regime
In order to investigate magnetic and superabsorbent water on some morphophysiological traits and yield of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) under low irrigation ...
Read More
Evaluation of some morphological and physiological characteristics of cumin by using of magnetic water and superabsorbent under low irrigation regime
In order to investigate magnetic and superabsorbent water on some morphophysiological traits and yield of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) under low irrigation regime, an experiment was conducted in research farms under the supervision of Shahroud University of Technology Faculty of Agriculture in Rahnjan and German districts of Shahroud city. It was done in a randomized complete block design with three replications.Irrigation water (normal and magnetic) and location (Rahanjan, German) was considered as the main factor and superabsorbent treatment (0, 100 and 200 kg / ha) was considered as a secondary factor.In all treatments, irrigation was applied based on 50% of plant water requirement. The results showed that location, type of irrigation and different concentrations of superabsorbent had a significant effect on the growth and physiological characteristics of cumin.The highest plant height, fresh and dry weight of the plant was observed in Rahanjan area using a superabsorbent concentration of 100 kg / ha. Due to climatic conditions and higher annual average temperature and treatment of 100 and 200 kg per hectare of superabsorbent and work on magnetic water, the highest amount of plant height, percentage of essential oil and protein, and soluble carbohydrates were observed. According to the results, most of the traits in Rahanjan region had higher values than German region. And plant cultivation in Rahnjan region is economic.
Ali Mansouri; Heshmat Omidi; Amir Bostani
Abstract
In order to investigate the possibility of reducing the growth period and increasing the grain yield of different quinoa genotypes, in 2018, a factorial split plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the research farm of Shahed University. The main ...
Read More
In order to investigate the possibility of reducing the growth period and increasing the grain yield of different quinoa genotypes, in 2018, a factorial split plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the research farm of Shahed University. The main factor includes three different genotypes of quinoa (Titicaca, Giza 1 and Sajama) and the secondary factors include three models of planting methods (Transplanting, seed Priming with 1000 ppm Boric acid solution and direct sowing) and boron foliar application at two levels ( Control and foliar application with 1000 ppm Boric acid solution). The results showed that the effect of genotype was significant on all studied traits. The highest plant height (123.38 cm) and grain yield (2860.228 kg / ha) were obtained in Giza 1 genotype. Also, the shortest period of growth and flowering was related to Titicaca genotype and the longest period was related to Sajama genotype. The effect of planting method on quinoa growth and yield traits was significant and transplanting was more effective than other methods. This method increased the plant height by 48.15% and grain yield by 176.69% and reduced the flowering (34.35%) and ripening period (37.97%). The priming was also able to improve the studied traits compared to the control treatment. Of course, its effectiveness was not as high as transplanting. The effect of boron foliar application on grain yield was significant and increased this trait by 16.7%.
Alireza Hamdami; Hashem Hadi; Amir Rahimi
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of different periods of weed control and interference on yield and yield components of fenugreek, an experiment was done with two series of treatments including weed control from emergence to the third true leaf, to the sixth true leaf , to the first flowering branch, ...
Read More
In order to investigate the effect of different periods of weed control and interference on yield and yield components of fenugreek, an experiment was done with two series of treatments including weed control from emergence to the third true leaf, to the sixth true leaf , to the first flowering branch, to the third flowering branch, to flowering, to seed filling and the second series including weed interference up to the third true leaf, up to the sixth true leaf, up to the first flowering branch, up to the third flowering branch, up to the flowering and up to the seed filling at research farm of Urmia university during 2018. The results showed that the interference treatment up to the third true leaf had the lowest weed dry weight. In both series of treatments with increasing the presence period of weeds, a significant decrease was observed in grain yield per plant and per hectare of fenugreek, so that the beginning of the critical period was determined 140 and 158 GDD from plants emergence at two acceptable levels of 5 and 10% reduction of grain yield per hectare, respectively, and the end of the critical period of weed control was established 349 and 282 GDD from the emergence at the two levels of yield reductions, respectively. Therefore, the best time to control weeds was from the third true leaf to flowering and from the four-leaf stage until the appearances of flowers at the levels of 5% and 10% yield reductions, respectively.
Tayebeh Jamshidnia; tayeb sakinejad; Alireza shokuhfar; reza Dadnia; Sedekiwan Marshi
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal inoculation, the combined ratio of auxin/gibberellin and ascorbic acid on the yield and yield components of this two-year research (2018-2019) in the form of split factorial design in the form of randomized complete blocks in three replications in Shahid ...
Read More
In order to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal inoculation, the combined ratio of auxin/gibberellin and ascorbic acid on the yield and yield components of this two-year research (2018-2019) in the form of split factorial design in the form of randomized complete blocks in three replications in Shahid Salemi farm located in It was done north of Ahvaz city. The main factor of the treatments includes mycorrhizal fungus (Lomus intraradices species) at two levels (inoculation and non-inoculation) before planting and the second factor includes the ratio of auxin hormone to gibberellin at three levels (zero percent, 300/600, 600/300) mg and ascorbic acid at three levels. The level of (0, 100, 200) mg was done by spraying. The results showed that mycorrhiza has a significant effect on the dry weight of leaves, stems, and cobs, seed weight and yield, as well as biological traits. respectively, the highest value of seed yield (7410.72) mg in mycorrhizal inoculation treatment levels, the ratio of auxin to gibberellin 600 mg to 300 mg, and in 200 mg of ascorbic acid, The highest yield of stem dry weight (116.52%) in the triple interaction of test factors in the treatment levels of no mycorrhizal inoculation, no yield of seeds in a row (45.46%) in the ratio Auxin to gibberellin 600 mg to 300 mg and consumption of 200 mg of ascorbic acid.
Parisa Sheikhzadeh; Gholam Behzad; Nasser Zare; Mitra Rostami
Abstract
To investigate the effects of selenium nanoparticles application on photosynthetic and biochemical characteristics and cold tolerance of oilseed rape, an experiment was carried out based on a randomized complete blocks design with three replications in the research farm station of the University of Mohaghegh ...
Read More
To investigate the effects of selenium nanoparticles application on photosynthetic and biochemical characteristics and cold tolerance of oilseed rape, an experiment was carried out based on a randomized complete blocks design with three replications in the research farm station of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2018. The treatments consisted of foliar application of selenium nanoparticles (0 as control, 25, and 50 mg L-1) applied at the 8-6 leaves stage. The results showed that selenium nanoparticles application significantly increased the RWC, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzyme activity, winter survival, and grain yields of oilseed rape plants. The highest RWC, Fm, Fv, and Fv/Fm, proline content, and the activity of catalase and peroxidase enzymes were obtained with foliar application of 50 mg L-1 selenium nanoparticles. It seems that selenium nanoparticles application significantly increased the winter survival of oilseed rape plants by about 7.18 to 8.94 percent, by improving the Fv/Fm, the activity of the antioxidant enzymes, and proline content. Foliar application of 25 and 50 mg L-1 selenium nanoparticles caused about 28.10 and 34.19 percent increase in grain yield of oilseed rape as compared to control (no spraying) treatment, respectively. In general, the application of 50 mg L-1 selenium nanoparticles had positive and significant effects on the photosynthetic and biochemical characteristics, which resulted in increased cold tolerance of the oilseed rape plant.
mohsen karimimovahedi; Gholam Akbari; Gholam Ali Akbari; Fatemeh Benakashani; Mohammad Reza Ardakani
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of biochar and biosulfur on grain yield and some ecophysiological traits of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under drought stress conditions, an experiment as split-factorial plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications was implemented in Karaj in ...
Read More
In order to investigate the effect of biochar and biosulfur on grain yield and some ecophysiological traits of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under drought stress conditions, an experiment as split-factorial plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications was implemented in Karaj in 2019. In this experiment, irrigation treatment at three levels of 100, 60 and 30% of field capacity as main plots and biochar treatment at three levels of control, three and six tons per hectare and biosulfur treatment were considered at two levels of application and non-application as sub-plots. The results showed that drought stress has a significant effect on the seed and oil yield of rapeseed; So that the amount of these traits in drought stress shows a decrease of 50 and 52%, respectively, compared to the control. Also, the use of six tons per hectare of biochar has increased by 49 and 36% in the number of silique per plant and the number of seeds per silique. The relative content of leaf water was also the lowest value of 35.67% under the influence of drought stress. Also, the interaction of biosulfur application and the use of six tons of biochar had the greatest effect on the number of silique per plant and harvest index. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of biofertilizers can be used as a suitable method to increase rapeseed yield; As increasing the percentage of oil and grain yield ultimately increases the field and economic yield of rapeseed.
Forough Fallahi; Vahid Abdossi; Mahmoud Bagheri; Marzieh Ghanbari Jahromi; Hamid Mozaffari
Abstract
In order to select suitable parents for breeding purposes, one must have sufficient knowledge of genetic diversity and germplasm classification. It was for this reason that a study was conducted in 2019 at the Seed and Plant Research Institute in Karaj in order to identify and classify 17 eggplant genotypes ...
Read More
In order to select suitable parents for breeding purposes, one must have sufficient knowledge of genetic diversity and germplasm classification. It was for this reason that a study was conducted in 2019 at the Seed and Plant Research Institute in Karaj in order to identify and classify 17 eggplant genotypes based on the randomized complete block design. In this study 16 morphological traits such as number of days to flowering, plant height, number of stems per plant, number of nodes and internodes, weight, and fruit yield were measured. The results of the analysis of variance revealed a significant difference for all the traits (p≤0.01). The range of variation and correlation between traits showed great genetic diversity among cultivars. which can be useful for different breeding purposes, lower plant height to prevent dormancy and more stems and flowers are important to achieve higher yield, which is more important in Behrad Bish genotype. It was observed from other genotypes. Cluster analysis by the Ward method classified the studied genotypes into three groups, which were significantly different in terms of all traits. Three factors explained 83.47 percent of the differences among morphological traits based on the results of factor analysis.
Fatemeh Rashidi; Nadali Bagheri; NadAli Babaiean Jelodar; Ali Dehestani Kolagar
Abstract
In order to identify important agronomic traits related to yield and introduce early with high-yielding cultivars in Brassica genus, 100 genotypes of six species of Brassica genus (B. napus, B. juncea, B. nigra, B. rapa, B. carinata and B. oleracea)were evaluated implementing latis square designs with ...
Read More
In order to identify important agronomic traits related to yield and introduce early with high-yielding cultivars in Brassica genus, 100 genotypes of six species of Brassica genus (B. napus, B. juncea, B. nigra, B. rapa, B. carinata and B. oleracea)were evaluated implementing latis square designs with two replications experiments at Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University Research Farm during 2017-2018. The results of variance analysis showed that the studied genotypes have very significant differences with each other in terms of all agricultural traits. The results of mean comparison showed that genotypes from B. napus species has the highest yield and genotypes from B. rapa species has the shortest days to ripening with the lowest yield. The longest days to ripening was identified as genotypes from B. juncea species. The analysis of genetic correlations for all species revealed that yield of seed had a significant positive correlation with days to ripening, silique number per plant, thousand grian weight and grian number in silique. Results of stepwise regression analysis revealed that silique number per plant, 1000-grain weight, number of silique per plant and days to maturity had significantly effects on grain yield. The result of factor analysis showed three independent factors that explained 92% of the total variability, which were named ‘productivity’, ‘phenology’, and ‘thousand grian weight’, respectively. According to all three factors, B. napus, best species and Janetzika، Liragold، Hayola 401and Hayola 308 from B. napus species, were identified as the best cultivars concerning seed yield and early maturity.
Mehrab Mehri Charvadeh; Hamid Reza Zakerin; Marefat Mostafavi Rad; Saeed Sayfzadeh; alireza valadabadi
Abstract
In order to evaluate peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) NC2 variety growth as affected by supplementary irrigation and Salicylic acid, this experiment was performed as split plat based on randomized complete block design with three replications in experimental field of Agicutural and Natural Resources Research ...
Read More
In order to evaluate peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) NC2 variety growth as affected by supplementary irrigation and Salicylic acid, this experiment was performed as split plat based on randomized complete block design with three replications in experimental field of Agicutural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Guilan Province (Kanroud research station of Astara), Iran, during 2018 and 2019 cropping seasons. Four level of irrigation regimes: no irrigation (rainfed condition), supplementary irrigation at initial flowering stage, supplementary irrigation at pod formation stage and supplementary irrigation at initial flowering + pod formation stages and three levels of salicylic acid (SA): 100, 200 and 300 µmol/l comprised experimental treatments, as main and sub plot, respectively. Drought stress dercreased all measured characteristics in peanut and foliar application of SA at the rate of 300 µmol/l improved all studied characteristics under bath supplementary irrigation and rainfed condition. The greatest pods number per plant (51.57), grain yield (3450 kg/ha) and pod yield (4958 kg/ha) of peanut were obtained under supplementary irrigation at initial flowering + pod formation stages with SA and these agronomic traits increased 38.79, 70.8 and 57.6 percent compared to rainfed comdition, respectively. Results of this reaserch indicated, supplementary irrigation and foliar application of SA at the rate of 300 µmol/l could be recommendable to enhance plant growth and grain yield of peanut under similar climatic condition.
Madineh Bijani; Saeid Soufizadeh; Amir Hossein Shirani rad; Hamid Jabbari
Abstract
To investigate oilseed rape cultivars under Late-season drought stress, a split-plot experiment was conducted in a complete randomized blocks design with four replications for two cultivation years (2017–2019) in Karaj agricultural research station. Treatments included three drought stress (full ...
Read More
To investigate oilseed rape cultivars under Late-season drought stress, a split-plot experiment was conducted in a complete randomized blocks design with four replications for two cultivation years (2017–2019) in Karaj agricultural research station. Treatments included three drought stress (full irrigation, withholding irrigation from the pod formation stage, and flowering stage) in main plots and five oilseed rape cultivars (Sarigol, RGS003, Hayola 401, Zafar, and Dalgan) in sub-plots. The results revealed that drought stress, especially from withholding irrigation from the flowering stage led to a significant decrease in 1000-seed weight, number of silique per plant, number of seeds per silique, seed yield, oil percentage, oil yield, Length of the growing duration, water use efficiency. Under full irrigation, The highest seed yield were obtained from Dalgan, Zafar, RGS003 and, Hayola 401 cultivars with 3959, 3886, 3776 and, 3650 kg. ha-1, respectively. In withholding irrigation from the silique formation stage, RGS003, Dalgan, and, Hayola 401 cultivars were superior with seed yield of 2841, 2812, and, 2716 kg.ha-1, respectively. Dalgan, RGS003, and Hayola 401 cultivars with the seed yield of 2357, 2276, and 2185 kg.ha-1in withholding irrigation from the flowering stage, also can be recommended as suitable cultivars in Karaj.
Babak Darvishi; Enayat Rezvani; Hosein Sadeghi; Mostafa Shakeri; Hamed Nasiri Vatan; Mohammad Kavand; Shamsollah Yenkejeh Farahani; Mehran Sharafizad
Abstract
This experiment was conducted in order to investigate the agricultural value of two new varieties of beans named Sepehr and Sembol which were introduced by the private sector with the aim of registering the named varieties in the national list of plant varieties. These been cultivars (Sepehr and Sembol) ...
Read More
This experiment was conducted in order to investigate the agricultural value of two new varieties of beans named Sepehr and Sembol which were introduced by the private sector with the aim of registering the named varieties in the national list of plant varieties. These been cultivars (Sepehr and Sembol) along with 4 domestic control cultivars were studied in 3 locations (Karaj, Zanjan and Khomein) based on complete randomized block design in 3 replications during two crop seasons (2019-2020 and 2020-2021). Results showed that flowering occurred significantly earlier in candidate cultivars (Sepehr and Sembol) than control cultivars (8 and 4 days respectively). As the same way, physiological seed ripening in candidate cultivars occurred earlier than control cultivars (8 and 10 days earlier than mean of other cultivars respectively). The number of seeds in the pods of Sepehr and Sembol candidate cultivars was not significantly different from the control cultivars. Sepehr and Sembol cultivars produced larger seeds and hundred seeds weight of these cultivars was significantly higher than other cultivars (9.7 and 24.1 percent higher than mean of other cultivars respectively), but the seed yield in these two cultivars was significantly lower than control cultivars (19.89 and 18.27 percent lower than mean of other cultivars respectively). Finally, the candidate cultivars Sepehr and Sembol can play an effective role as new germplasms in the country's bean production due to their erect type and ease of harvesting, early maturity and consumption of one to two times less water, marketability and production of larger seeds.
Jafar Biabani; Abdolrahman Mohammadkhani; masoud fattahi
Abstract
In order to investigate the chill and heat requirements of commercial almond cultivars, a factorial experiment was planned and implemented in a completely randomized design with 3 replications in Shahrekord university lab (in 2017). The first factor includes commercial almond cultivars in five levels ...
Read More
In order to investigate the chill and heat requirements of commercial almond cultivars, a factorial experiment was planned and implemented in a completely randomized design with 3 replications in Shahrekord university lab (in 2017). The first factor includes commercial almond cultivars in five levels (Mamaei, Rabi, Sefid, Shahroud 7 and Shahroud 12) and the second factor includes chilling in seven levels (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 and 700 hours at 4-7 °C). As soon as dormancy was induced in the buds of each cultivar, 75 branches were prepared and transferred to a refrigerator with a temperature of 4 to 7 ° C to determine the chilling requirement. The samples were taken out of the refrigerator and placed in water and sucrose solution in the greenhouse environment, and the flowering status of flower buds was examined. Chill and heat requirements of Sefid and Mamaei cultivars were lower than the chill and heat requirements average of all cultivars, as well as these two cultivars had the lower chill and heat requirements than other cultivars. Sefid cultivar needed 170 hours of chill requirements and 5886 growing degree hours’ heat and Mamaei needed 170 hours of chill requirements and 7707 growing degree hours’ heat. but in Shahroud 7 both of chill and heat requirements were high. Shahroud 7 needed to 220.5 hours of chill and 10958 of heat growth degree hours for blooming. On the other hand, Shahroud 12 cultivar was identified as a cultivar with high chilling requirements and low heat requirements.
Roya Mousavi; Vida Chalavi; Kamran Ghasemi; Mehdi Hadadinejad
Abstract
To investigate the effect of nitroxin and vermicompost on the qualitative and functional characteristics of blackberry, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications in pots. The first factor was the percentage of vermicompost at five levels (0, 10, 20, ...
Read More
To investigate the effect of nitroxin and vermicompost on the qualitative and functional characteristics of blackberry, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications in pots. The first factor was the percentage of vermicompost at five levels (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40) and the second factor was the level of inoculation and non-inoculation with nitroxin (Ni). The results showed that the treatments had a significant effect on the studied traits. The highest fruit weight, number of fruits, and yield was observed in 20% vermicompost. Maximum fruit length (1.62 cm) obtained in 10% vermicompost and nitroxin inoculation. The highest fruit diameter was obtained in 30% vermicompost. Also, in biochemical parameters, the application of 10% vermicompost produced the most soluble solids and flavor index. The highest amount of anthocyanin at 551 and 563 (mg/L fruit juice) was obtained respectably in 20 and 30% vermicompost treatments. Application of nitroxin along with vermicompost yielded 30% of the most vitamin C. In general, the results showed that the application of vermicompost at levels of 20 to 30% has the best effect on the quantitative and qualitative traits of blackberry and nitroxin can reduce the negative effect of high vermicompost and increase the effect of vermicompost on the blackberry plant.
somayeh tabari; Mehdi Hadadinejad; reza norooz
Abstract
In order to determine the chilling and heat requirements of blackberry (Rubus sp.) cultivars, three thorny (Tupy, Marion, Silvan) and two thornless (Merton and Red immature) cultivars after the onset of dormancy and after exposing the chilling requirement were collected of the Blackberries collection ...
Read More
In order to determine the chilling and heat requirements of blackberry (Rubus sp.) cultivars, three thorny (Tupy, Marion, Silvan) and two thornless (Merton and Red immature) cultivars after the onset of dormancy and after exposing the chilling requirement were collected of the Blackberries collection from Sari Agricultural Sciences University (SANRU) and evaluated in a greenhouse via RCBD at three replication at 2019. Then the chilling and heat requirement models were calculated. Results showed differences in chilling requirements of thorny and thornless blackberry cultivars in field conditions. The highest percentage of the first bud burst related to thorny cultivar Silvan after 500 hours chilling. Marion and Tupy, and Red immature burst in 700 hours of chilling but Merton thornless burst after 900 hours. Also, the minimum day number for 50% bud burst in all cultivars was obtained in 700 hours of chilling. It should be noted that only thorny cultivars have reached full bloom and therefore are the most suitable cultivars for the development in eastern of south of Caspian Sea region. Thornless cultivars did not reach full bloom even after receiving 900 hours of chilling. The heat requirement required for 50% of buds to bloom varied from 6324 GDH in thornless Merton cultivar to 1116 GDH in Tupy cultivar. Using complementary treatments like as Hydrogen cyanamide to improve bud burst can be helpful. It is necessary to consider these results for the reproduction or off-season blackberry crop.
Moslem Heydari; Mehrdad Chaichi
Abstract
To investigate the effects of seed priming on different germination charactristics of different wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.), a factorial experiment was conducted in the form of a completely randomized design in the research greenhouse of the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center ...
Read More
To investigate the effects of seed priming on different germination charactristics of different wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.), a factorial experiment was conducted in the form of a completely randomized design in the research greenhouse of the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Hamadan province. Treatments including priming of seeds with fertilizers 1. Biozar, 2. Seafull amino zinc, 3. Sabzine, 4. Royesh, 5. Ecobooster, and 6. control (no fertilizer application) and different wheat cultivars including: Pishgam, Zarineh, Heydari, Sadra, Hashtrood and Baran. The results showed that seed priming increased the cleopathel length, root and stem length, root and stem weight, percentage and speed of germination, vigor index, activity of catalase and peroxidase enzymes in wheat seedlings in compare with the control sample. The highest enzymes activities of catalase (0.129 Unit/ml) and peroxidase (88.58 Unit/ml) were obtained in seedlings obtained from seeds priming with Seafull amino zinc, which were 65.8 and 32% more than control treatments, respectively. Considering that seed priming is a simple and cost-effective method and at the same time it is simple and does not require complex technical knowledge, it can be easily implemented by farmers. Therefore, this method is recommended to improve germination, seedling growth and increase the quality and strength of wheat seeds.To investigate the effects of seed priming on different germination charactristics of different wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.), a factorial experiment was conducted in the form of a completely randomized design in the research greenhouse of the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Hamadan province. Treatments including priming of seeds with fertilizers 1. Biozar, 2. Seafull amino zinc, 3. Sabzine, 4. Royesh, 5. Ecobooster, and 6. control (no fertilizer application) and different wheat cultivars including: Pishgam, Zarineh, Heydari, Sadra, Hashtrood and Baran. The results showed that seed priming increased the cleopathel length, root and stem length, root and stem weight, percentage and speed of germination, vigor index, activity of catalase and peroxidase enzymes in wheat seedlings in compare with the control sample. The highest enzymes activities of catalase (0.129 Unit/ml) and peroxidase (88.58 Unit/ml) were obtained in seedlings obtained from seeds priming with Seafull amino zinc, which were 65.8 and 32% more than control treatments, respectively. Considering that seed priming is a simple and cost-effective method and at the same time it is simple and does not require complex technical knowledge, it can be easily implemented by farmers. Therefore, this method is recommended to improve germination, seedling growth and increase the quality and strength of wheat seeds. Therefore, this method is recommended to improve germination, seedling growth and increase the quality and strength of wheat seeds.Therefore, this method is recommended to improve germination, seedling growth and increase the quality and strength of wheat seeds.
mohammadreza dehghani; mozhgan hashemi; maryam dahajipour; shahram Mohammady
Abstract
To identify high-yielding and stable genotypes, evaluation of different genotypes in different environmental conditions would be very effective. This study was conducted to evaluate the response of 12 imported faba bean genotypes with the application of gibberellic acid hormone (environmental factor) ...
Read More
To identify high-yielding and stable genotypes, evaluation of different genotypes in different environmental conditions would be very effective. This study was conducted to evaluate the response of 12 imported faba bean genotypes with the application of gibberellic acid hormone (environmental factor) by the GGE-biplot method. For this purpose, genotypes were evaluated in a complete randomized design with three replications during autumn of 2018 in the research greenhouse of Shahrekord University. Gibberellic acid was sprayed at concentrations of 0, 10 and 30 ppm from the two-leaf to flowering stages, weekly. The analysis of variance showed that the effects of genotypes, gibberellic acid, and their interaction effects were significant in grain yield. The genotypes by the gibberellic acid sum of squares explained 22.33 per cent of total grain yield variations. Using the GGE-biplot model, the first two components accounted for 86.5 per cent of total grain yield variations due to the effect of genotype and the interaction effects between genotypes and gibberellic acid hormone. Based on the analysis of GGE- biplots, the grain yield of genotypes C2, C4, C10 and C6 was higher than other genotypes; also, they had appropriate relative responses to the application of gibberellic acid hormone than other genotypes. Regarding the need for genotypes with high yield potential to increase in seed yield, they can be used for breeding this product. The eight remaining genotypes had lower grain yields; also, the most inappropriate responses to the application of gibberellic acid hormone were identified as undesirable genotypes.
Babak Sepehri; Hami dreza tohidi Moghadam; Farshad Ghooshchi; Meysam Oveysi; Pourang Kasraie
Abstract
Periwinkle herb with the scientific name (Catharanthus roseus) is one of the most important medicinal plants in the world which in addition to haring leaves beautiful flowers and decorative application, it also has different applications in pharmaceutical industries cosmetics and hygienic. This plant, ...
Read More
Periwinkle herb with the scientific name (Catharanthus roseus) is one of the most important medicinal plants in the world which in addition to haring leaves beautiful flowers and decorative application, it also has different applications in pharmaceutical industries cosmetics and hygienic. This plant, in its young leaves has very important alkaloids which called vinblastine and vincristine which has in chemotherapy of different type of cancers (leukemia, breast and lymph nodes) and its roots contain ajmalicine alkaloids that is used in treatment of hypotension. This research was for investigation of the effect of growth regulator and spraying of zinc and magnesium nanoparticles under the conditions of drought stresses on total alkaloids, anthocyanin, total chlorophyll, the weight of wet and dry branches contain alkaloids, and the number of lateral branches periwinkle herb (Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.DON) arranged as a factorial pot experiment based on a completely randomized design which took place in greenhouse condition during years 2020 and 2021 in Tehran, Iran. In the study of the effects of drought stress and spraying of zinc and magnesium nanoparticles on all investigated traits (total alkaloid, anthocyanin, total chlorophyll, fresh and dry weight of alkaloid-containing branches, and the number of lateral branches), there was a statistically significant difference in A level of 1% was observed (P≤0.01). But in the interactions effects of drought stresses and growth regulator showed the highest effect on wet branches contain alkaloids (P≤0.01).
Fatemeh Mirzaei; Mohammad Rafieiolhossaini; Nafiseh Rangzan; Mahdi Amirusefi
Abstract
Despite its high nutritional value, the quinoa plant can be cultivated well in conditions where the land has low fertility and produces a suitable product. The first component consists of two levels of soil (contaminated and uncontaminated), and the second factor consists of three levels of drought stress ...
Read More
Despite its high nutritional value, the quinoa plant can be cultivated well in conditions where the land has low fertility and produces a suitable product. The first component consists of two levels of soil (contaminated and uncontaminated), and the second factor consists of three levels of drought stress (irrigation regimes) (100% of field capacity (no stress), 60% of field capacity (moderate stress), and 30% of field capacity (high stress). The results showed interaction effect of soil type and drought stress was significant on all traits except the fresh weight of shoot and plant height. The lowest amount of fresh and dry weight of roots, dry weight of shoot and weight of thousand seeds was observed in contaminated soil with severe drought stress. Nevertheless, the weight of 1000 quinoa seeds under the influence of moderate drought stress was not significantly different from the condition without drought stress. Examining the simple effects showed that soil contamination with heavy metals caused a decrease of 13.7% in fresh weight of shoot and 30.5% decrease in dry weight of shoot compared to plants grown in uncontaminated soil. In general, it can be stated that the increase in drought stress has significantly reduced root fresh weight and 1000 seed weight in quinoa, but the percentage and ratio of this reduction in soil contaminated with heavy metals was much higher than that of non-contaminated soil. According to the results of this research, the cultivation of quinoa can be investigated as a promising plant in soils with limitations.
Mohammad Zamanian; Farid Golzardi; Ali Mahrokh; Farhad Azizi; Masoud Torabi; Vida Ghotbi; Mohammad ali Mofidian; Vahid Rahjoo; Elias Soltani
Abstract
The present study was conducted to separate the effective and influential management factors in the production of clover forage in Iran and to identify its limiting factors. In this study, the data obtained from 68 research projects conducted by the Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization ...
Read More
The present study was conducted to separate the effective and influential management factors in the production of clover forage in Iran and to identify its limiting factors. In this study, the data obtained from 68 research projects conducted by the Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO) throughout the country during the 2009 - 2020 years were analyzed using the meta-analysis method. The results showed that planting date -3.31%, planting method -22.82%, species +40.14%, seeding rate (planting density) +1.53%, drought stress -16.16%, and phenological stage of forage harvesting -15.42% justified the amount of forage clover variation. Thus, fall planting in the middle of September, basin planting method, choosing the Berseem clover species (Trifolium alexandrinum var. Karaj), the seeding rate of 15 - 20 kg ha-1 (for forage production), and forage harvesting at the phenological stage of 10 - 25% flowering, are the most important management and agronomic factors in increasing clover forage production in cold and temperate regions, and not complying with one or a set of these factors will reduce the clover production and will cause yield gap. Overall, the species, planting method, and drought stress were respectively recognized as the most important factors affecting clover forage yield in Iran.
zahra ajribzadeh; salim farzaneh; Mahmoud Shomili; Hamid Reza Balouchi; aziz Ker Mullah Chaab; Raouf Seyed Sharifi
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the effect of four types of binders at different levels: carboxymethylcellulose (40, 60 and 80 g/l), arabic gum (50, 100 and 150 g/l), tragacanth (30, 60 and 90 g/l) and starch (45, 60 and 75 g/l) as the first test and four types of nutrients with different levels: ...
Read More
This study was performed to investigate the effect of four types of binders at different levels: carboxymethylcellulose (40, 60 and 80 g/l), arabic gum (50, 100 and 150 g/l), tragacanth (30, 60 and 90 g/l) and starch (45, 60 and 75 g/l) as the first test and four types of nutrients with different levels: humic acid (6, 9 and 12 g/l), filter cake ( 5, 10 and 15 g/kg), superabsorbent (10, 30 and 45 g/kg) and microcombi fertilizer (10, 20 and 30 g/kg) as the second experiment with control in a completely randomized design with 3 replications In 2020, in Khuzestan-Iran sugarcane research station. The results showed that the effect of four types of binder on sugarcane plant characteristics such as germination rate, stem length, stem dry weight and plant moisture content was significant and the most positive effect was observed in starch gum (60 g/l). Also, four nutrients had a significant effect on some characteristics such as germination rate, stem length, stem dry weight and plant moisture content. The most positive effect for characteristics was observed in humic acid (12 g/l). Due to the most positive effect of starch gum, in later studies, this glue can be used as a binder, along with other nutrients and fillers for planting lateral buds of sugarcane stems to produce artificial single-seeded sugarcane seeds.
Mohammad Ali Shiri; Malek Ghasemi
Abstract
The complete pollination of flowers has an important role in the quantity and quality of kiwifruit. In this study, the effect of different methods of complementary pollination [open pollination, hand pollination from male flowers of the tumor cultivar, spray pollination with pure pollen and spray pollination ...
Read More
The complete pollination of flowers has an important role in the quantity and quality of kiwifruit. In this study, the effect of different methods of complementary pollination [open pollination, hand pollination from male flowers of the tumor cultivar, spray pollination with pure pollen and spray pollination with impure pollen (collected from the entrance of bees' nests at the time of opening kiwifruit male flowers) was carried out on the qualitative characteristics of kiwifruit cv. Hayward. This research was evaluated in the Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Institute (Ramsar province) in 2021 based on the randomized complete block design in three replications in order to introduce the most effective and practical complementary pollination method. The results showed that the amount of titratable acids, maturity index, chlorophyll b, carotenoid, total flavonoid and antioxidant activity were not affected by different methods of complementary pollination. Fruits obtained from spray pollination with impure pollen have the highest single tree yield (98.32 kg per tree), hectare yield (40.39 tons per hectare), number of seeds (1038), amount of soluble solids (7.07 °Brix), chlorophyll a (1.71 mg100 g-1 FW), total chlorophyll (3.11 mg100 g-1 FW), vitamin C (60.27 mg100 g-1 FW) and total fruit phenol (79.62 mg100 g-1 FW). Moreover, these fruits were in more favorable conditions regarding sensory and taste evaluations. Overall, it is possible to recommend complementary pollination according to spray pollination with impure pollen as the most effective and practical method to increase fruit quality for kiwifruit growers.
Faezeh Samandari Bahr Aseman; Anahita Rashtian; Afagh Tabandeh Saravi; Mojtaba Soleimani Sardo
Abstract
Considering the importance (Thymus vulgaris L.) and the effects of seaweed extract and salicylic acid priming in increasing drought resistance at different stages of plant growth, an experiment was done as factorial layout based in a completely randomized factorial design with three replications in the ...
Read More
Considering the importance (Thymus vulgaris L.) and the effects of seaweed extract and salicylic acid priming in increasing drought resistance at different stages of plant growth, an experiment was done as factorial layout based in a completely randomized factorial design with three replications in the research greenhouse of Jiroft University (2020). Three levels of 100% (control), 50 %, and 35 % field capacity was considered as test factors for drought treatment, and seed preparation and seedling spraying including zero (control), .0.3 %, 3.5 % 1% algal extract and 1mM salicylic acid, 2 mM salicylic acid and composition of algae, and salicylic acid extract were considered as second factors. The results of this study showed a significant difference in factors examined such as germination rate, root and shoot length and root and shoot weight treatment at a 1 % probability level. and in drought stress treatment of 35 %, salicylic acid priming treatment had the best performance with an improvement of 6 traits compared to the control. The results of foliar application of seedlings also showed that the highest shoot weights of seedlings was under the combined treatment of algal extract plus salicylic acid treatment. . General results showed that priming and foliar spraying with salicylic acid had been more effective than algae extract on plant drought resistance, and of course the combined treatment of salicylic acid and salicylic acid extract + algae extract with a higher concentration have been able to improve plant resistance to drought in the vegetative stage
Considering the importance (Thymus vulgaris L.) and the effects of seaweed extract and salicylic acid priming in increasing drought resistance at different stages of plant growth, an experiment was done as factorial layout based in a completely randomized factorial design with three replications in the research greenhouse of Jiroft University (2020). Three levels of 100% (control), 50 %, and 35 % field capacity was considered as test factors for drought treatment, and seed preparation and seedling spraying including zero (control), .0.3 %, 3.5 % 1% algal extract and 1mM salicylic acid, 2 mM salicylic acid and composition of algae, and salicylic acid extract were considered as second factors. The results of this study showed a significant difference in factors examined such as germination rate, root and shoot length and root and shoot weight treatment at a 1 % probability level. and in drought stress treatment of 35 %, salicylic acid priming treatment had the best performance with an improvement of 6 traits compared to the control. The results of foliar application of seedlings also showed that the highest shoot weights of seedlings was under the combined treatment of algal extract plus salicylic acid treatment. . General results showed that priming and foliar spraying with salicylic acid had been more effective than algae extract on plant drought resistance, and of course the combined treatment of salicylic acid and salicylic acid extract + algae extract with a higher concentration have been able to improve plant resistance to drought in the vegetative stage
Amin Arjmand; Mohsen Ebrahimi; MohammadReza Bihamta; Narges Moradi
Abstract
Abstract: Marshmallow (Althaea spp.) is a plant belonging to the Malvaceae family and is native to Asia, South Africa, and America. it is found in iran natural pastures throughout the country. In this study which was investigated in nine ecotypes and three different species, ...
Read More
Abstract: Marshmallow (Althaea spp.) is a plant belonging to the Malvaceae family and is native to Asia, South Africa, and America. it is found in iran natural pastures throughout the country. In this study which was investigated in nine ecotypes and three different species, phytochemical traits including total flavonoid content, total anthocyanin content, tyrosinase enzyme inhibitory activity, and cholinesterase inhibitory activity were evaluated in different ecotypes of marshmallow. The results showed that the Kermanshah ecotype of Althaea officinalis had the highest amount of flavonoids (18.47 mg of quercetin per gram of extract) and cholinesterase inhibitory activity (28.37 mg/ml based on IC50), while the Bushehr ecotype of A. ficifolia had the highest amount of anthocyanins (6.45 mg) and the Yazd ecotype of A. officinalis had the highest tyrosinase enzyme inhibitory activity (84.25 mg/ml based on IC50). Pearson's correlation coefficients revealed a positive and significant correlation between the investigated traits. In orthogonal comparisons, the Kermanshah, Mazandaran, and Isfahan ecotypes of A. officinalis had the highest levels of flavonoids and cholinesterase inhibitory activity. Cluster analysis by the WARD method showed that the ecotypes related to one species were placed in one group. These findings suggest that the studied species and ecotypes have high diversity, which can be useful for improving and selecting phytochemical traits in marshmallow. The investigated ecotypes can be used as the base population and initial parents of the cross in further experiments
Razieh Khodsiyani; Mehrdad Jafarpour
Abstract
Beta-glucan is one of the componennts of the mushroom cell wall and the most therapeutically important polysaccharide in mushrooms. The present research was conducted with the aim of producing specific vermicompost to improve the nutritional value of blazai mushroom(A.subrufescens), in 18 combined substrates ...
Read More
Beta-glucan is one of the componennts of the mushroom cell wall and the most therapeutically important polysaccharide in mushrooms. The present research was conducted with the aim of producing specific vermicompost to improve the nutritional value of blazai mushroom(A.subrufescens), in 18 combined substrates including casing soil as a control, compost and vermicompost, Echinacea vermicompost alone and in combination with casing soil with the hormone indol acetic acid in certain as a treatment in the form of a completely randomized design and in three replications at the mushroom research center of Islamic Azad University of Isfahan (Khorasgan) in 1399-1400. Based on the results, richer substrates including compost and vermicompost alone and in combination with casing soil led to the optimal growth of blazai mushrooms. the highest amount of beta-glucan, zinc, yield rate and ash percentage were observed, the substrates with the origin of the Echinacea medicinal plant. In general, if the basis is to biomass production, it is better to use richer substrates and if the purpose of production of the essential material in the mushrooms, it is better to use substrates that are combined with Echinacea. the present research is the combination of casing soil 50 percent +compost or vermicompost 50 percent in the absorption of nutrients and the improvement of quantitative traits played a slightly better role.
)
