Marjanossadat Hosseinifard; Majid Ghorbani Javid; Elias Soltani; Iraj Allah dadi; Danial Kahrizi
Abstract
In order to evaluate the yield components, seed yield and oil content of Camelina doubled haploid lines, an experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with 40 doubled haploid lines (as treatments) and three replications in the research farm of College of Aburaihan- the University ...
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In order to evaluate the yield components, seed yield and oil content of Camelina doubled haploid lines, an experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with 40 doubled haploid lines (as treatments) and three replications in the research farm of College of Aburaihan- the University of Tehran, Pakdasht in 2020. Since the yield characteristics and oil content of Camelina lines are unknown in the Iranian climate, in this study, seed yield components, as well as oil yield and oil content of 40 Camelina lines, were investigated. The results of this study show a very significant difference between Camelina lines in terms of yield components, which ultimately lead to significant differences in grain yield and thus affect the grain oil yield. Although none of the lines had absolute superiority in all components of grain yield, in terms of final grain yield, line of 134 with 3178 and line of 110 with 3120 kg/ha were identified as superior lines. Therefore, according to the purpose of this study, in order to select the best Camelina line with maximum grain and oil yield, 134 and 110 lines were introduced and recommended as superior and promising lines that are compatible with the climatic conditions of the Pakdasht region.
Seyed Basir Mousavi; Saeed Sayfzade; Hamid Jabbari; alireza valadabadi; Esmaeil Hadidi Masouleh
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of auxin foliar application in two safflower cultivars under drought stress condition using a factorial split plot experiment with randomized complete block design in two years (2017-2018 and 2018-2019). This experiment evaluated irrigation at two levels ...
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This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of auxin foliar application in two safflower cultivars under drought stress condition using a factorial split plot experiment with randomized complete block design in two years (2017-2018 and 2018-2019). This experiment evaluated irrigation at two levels including normal irrigation and interruption of irrigation from the beginning of grain filling stage (drought) in the main plots and cultivars of Padideh and Goldasht and auxin foliar application in two levels of non-foliar application of distilled water (control) and foliar application of auxin (indole acetic acid) in one step (mid-flowering) at a concentration of 3000 mg.l-1 were assigned in sub-plots as a factorial. In the auxin foliar application and non-foliar application (control) in both normal irrigation and drought stress treatments, the highest total number of heads per plant in Goldasht cultivar were 26.3 and 24.3 respectively, and the highest grain number per plant observed in Goldasht cultivar were at 708 and 592, respectively. Auxin foliar application and irrigation had no significant effect on the grain oil percentage. Goldasht cultivar had a higher grain yield compared to Padideh cultivar due to lower head temperature, higher soluble carbohydrate concentration, number of heads and 1000-grain weight. Generally, results showed that the effect of the studied treatments was affected by the year and despite the positive effect of auxin foliar application on some yield components at both irrigation levels, foliar application of auxin at middle of flowering stage had no significant effect on grain yield.
siavash aryafar; Alireza Sirousmehr; Iesa khammari; Ahmad ghanbari; Esmaeil Seyedabadi
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of tillage systems and the combination of chemical fertilizer and livestock manure on some characteristics of sunflower, an experiment was conducted as split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of Zabol University ...
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In order to investigate the effect of tillage systems and the combination of chemical fertilizer and livestock manure on some characteristics of sunflower, an experiment was conducted as split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of Zabol University in 2019. The main factor was tillage levels (1-reversible plow and disc, 2-sweep and disc, and 3-disc). The sub-factor included fertilizer levels (no fertilizer application, 100 kg/ha of diammonium phosphate, 25 tons/ha of livestock manure + 100 kg/ha of diamonium phosphate, 50 tons/ha of livestock manure + 100 kg/ha of diamonium phosphate, 25 tons/ha of livestock manure, 50 tons/ha of livestock manure). The results showed that the highest values were obtained from the 50 tons/ha of livestock manure in tillage with disk for grain yield (5072 kg/ha), and oil percentage (44.44 percent), 50 tons/ha of livestock manure in tillage with disc for oleic acid content (51.61 percent), and 50 tons/ha of livestock manure for linoleic acid content (31.1 percent). The highest amount of chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids (1.253, 0.45 and 1.04 mg/g, respectively) was obtained from the application of 100 kg/ha of diamonium phosphate in tillage with disc. In general, in order to increase and improve the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sunflower, the application of 50 tons/ha of livestock manure was suitable in disc tillage conditions.
Ghobad Mohamadpoor; salim farzaneh; SAEID KHOMARI; Raouf Seyed sharif; behrooz esmaie;pour
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of application of humic acid and seaweed extract on morphology, growth, yield and yield components of quinoa under drought stress in 2018-2019 in two different locations, Qasr Shirin and Dalahou. This study was performed as split plots with a randomized ...
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This study was conducted to investigate the effect of application of humic acid and seaweed extract on morphology, growth, yield and yield components of quinoa under drought stress in 2018-2019 in two different locations, Qasr Shirin and Dalahou. This study was performed as split plots with a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Experimental treatments include three irrigation treatments (full irrigation, irrigation cut- off at the beginning of flowering and irrigation cut- off at the beginning of seed growth) and foliar spraying treatments with different amounts of humic acid and seaweed extract along with a control treatment. The results showed that seed yield in Dalahou region under no drought stress was 24.78% higher than Qasrshirin region. Seed yield in different irrigation treatments under the influence of foliar application showed that in all irrigation treatments, the effect of foliar application of humic acid and algae extract on seed yield was positive compared to the control. In full irrigation conditions, the highest seed yield was obtained by foliar application of humic acid, while in irrigation cut-off treatments, the effect of seaweed extract on seed yield was better than humic acid. The results showed that the weight of 1000 seeds in quinoa produced in Dalahu region was more than Qasrshirin region but in both regions drought stress caused a decrease in 1000 weight seeds. In all irrigation treatments, application of humic acid and algae extract increased 1000-seed weight.
Mohammad-Tayyeb Bayazidi-Aghdam; Jalal Jalilian; hamid Mohammadi
Abstract
One of the most important goals of cultivating medicinal plants is to improve their essential oil content, which will be affected by environmental factors such as water deficit stress and nutritional stress conditions. In this regard, three years split plot study were done as a randomized complete block ...
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One of the most important goals of cultivating medicinal plants is to improve their essential oil content, which will be affected by environmental factors such as water deficit stress and nutritional stress conditions. In this regard, three years split plot study were done as a randomized complete block design with three replications in Urmia University at the 2014-2017 cropping years. The main factors include irrigation regimes in three levels (normal irrigation, supplementary irrigation and rainfed conditions), and the sub-factor at six levels included fertilizer resources {biofertilizer (Azotobaror 1 + Phosphate-Barvar 2), complete chemical fertilizer and complete Nano fertilizer with and without vermicompost. Sampling and analysis of traits were done in the cropping year 2016-2017 (third year of planting). Compared to normal irrigation, the results showed that supplementary irrigation and rainfed treatments while reducing the concentration of nitrogen (14.94 and 7.72%), phosphorus (31.20 and 37.71%), potassium (11.58 and 9.14%), copper (14.27 and 28.96%) and total dry weight (33.22 and 56.14%), but increased the concentration of iron (8.08 and 66.05%), zinc (16.82 and 7.16%) and essential oil yield (25.32 and 37.11%) of thyme, respectively. Combined application of nano fertilizer with vermicompost under normal irrigation conditions, and application of nano fertilizer in supplementary and rainfed irrigation conditions led to improved essential oil yield by 2.7, 3.39 and 3.78%, respectively. In general, the improvement of essential oil yield in water deficit stress, during the application of nano fertilizer, indicates the efficiency of this fertilizer in providing nutrients and achieving sustainable agricultural goals.
Ali Yazdan panah gohari; Marzieh Ghanbari Jahromi; Vahid Zarrin nia
Abstract
Mycorrhiza is a common group of microorganisms that can establish symbiotic relationships with plants. To evaluate symbiosis and compatibility between a collection of chicory seeds and mycorrhizal fungi, through inoculation, a factorial experiment was set up in a randomized complete block design. Two ...
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Mycorrhiza is a common group of microorganisms that can establish symbiotic relationships with plants. To evaluate symbiosis and compatibility between a collection of chicory seeds and mycorrhizal fungi, through inoculation, a factorial experiment was set up in a randomized complete block design. Two batches of chicory seed (Ardabil and Fars) were inoculated by two species of mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices). The control group of seeds were not inoculated. Three replicates were arranged in a greenhouse. The research was aimed at examining how the two species of mycorrhizal fungi affect several plant traits and the amounts of phytochemical compounds (i.e. phenol, flavonoids, antioxidant activity, chlorophyll a and b, total chlorophyll), fresh and dry weights of roots and root length, as well as the ability of chicory roots to absorb several elements. The results showed that seed batch and mycorrhizal fungi have significant effects on vegetative traits, chlorophyll content, phenol, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity in plants. The highest amounts of total phenol production (3.77 mg/g fresh weight), total flavonoids (1.21 mg/g fresh weight), antioxidant activity (5.23 mg/g fresh weight), root growth and chlorophyll content were observed in the Ardabil batch when treated with G. intraradices. The two batches of seeds grew into plants with different growth rates and phytochemical compositions. The growth parameters of plants improved in the case of mycorrhizal inoculation. The effects of G. intraradices were more efficient than those of G. mosseae in symbiosis with chicory plants.
sara Najafi; Issa Khammari; ahmmad ghanbari; mahdi dahmard
Abstract
Additive intercropping series of sunflower and basil were laid out under salty and fresh water irrigation management. The aim was to achieve the highest yield and intercropping advantage as a result of intercropping the two plants. An experiment was performed at Zabol University during two cropping years ...
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Additive intercropping series of sunflower and basil were laid out under salty and fresh water irrigation management. The aim was to achieve the highest yield and intercropping advantage as a result of intercropping the two plants. An experiment was performed at Zabol University during two cropping years (2018 and 2019). Fresh water (ECe = 3.9 dS.m-1) and saline water (ECe = 1.1 dS.m-1) were taken from the Hirmand River and a local well, respectively. The irrigation water regimes were fresh water, salt water, and an alternating usage of salty and fresh irrigation water. In addition, five types of intercropping patterns were considered as sub-factors (100 percent sunflower (4 plants/m2), 100 percent basil (80 plants/m2), 100 percent sunflower + 50 percent basil, 50 percent sunflower + 100 percent basil and 100 percent sunflower + 100 percent basil. The results showed that the interaction between intercropping patterns and different irrigation regimes had a significant effect on 1000 seed weight, seed yield, harvest index, oil yield of sunflower, dry weight and essential oil yield of basil plants. In response to all irrigation regimes, the highest value of total land equivalent ratio (1.37-1.45) and intercropping advantage (0.29 - 0.48) occurred as a result of cultivating 50 percent sunflower + 100 percent basil, thereby appearing as a good model of intercropping. The results showed that intercropping patterns can be effective in modulating the negative effects of saline irrigation water on plant yield.
Masoud Lakzaei; Ali Nakhzari Moghaddam; Mehdi Mollashahi; Abbas Biabani
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of planting pattern and nitrogen and megafol on grain yield, yield components and seed protein of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under rainfed conditions, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Gonbad Kavous ...
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In order to investigate the effect of planting pattern and nitrogen and megafol on grain yield, yield components and seed protein of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under rainfed conditions, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Gonbad Kavous University farm during growth season of 2017-2018. The planting pattern was in three levels of 30×11, 45×7.4 and 60×5.5 cm (30 plants. m-2) and the factor of use of fertilizers in five levels of non-consumption and consumption of 50 and 100 kg nitrogen and one and two liters of megafol per hectare. The results showed that the highest seed yield was related to 30×11 and 45×7.4 and the lowest was related to 60×5.5 cm. Seed per plant and seed yield in application of 100 and 50 kg N ha-1 was higher than others. The highest and the lowest protein percentage of seeds was related to 60×5.5 and 30×11 cm. 1000-seed weight in application of 100 and 50 kg N ha-1 and 2 liters of megafol was more than other treatments. The harvest index in application of fertilizer was the maximum and in treatment of non-application of fertilizer was the minimum. In addition, because of more effect of nitrogen on seed yield compared to megafol and non-significant differences between consumption of 100 and 50 kg N ha-1, it seems that consumption of 50 kg N ha-1 and planting pattern of 30×11 is the most appropriate advice for planting of rainfed chickpea in Gonbad Kavous condition.
Hamed Narimani; Raouf Seyed sharif; fatemeh aghaei
Abstract
In order to study the effect of foliar and soil application of Zinc on grain weight and some biochemical traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under soil salinity, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in research greenhouse of University ...
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In order to study the effect of foliar and soil application of Zinc on grain weight and some biochemical traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under soil salinity, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in research greenhouse of University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2018-2019. Experimental factors were: soil salinity levels [control and salinity 30, 60, and 90 mM] and four methods of application of zinc [no zinc as control, soil application zinc as ZnSO4, foliar application nano zinc oxide and combined soil and foliar application of zinc]. The results showed that the both application ZnSo4 and foliar application nano Zn oxide under 90 mM soil salinity condition increased significantly 20.24, 17.68, 13.16, 32.88 and 14.08% of catalase and peroxidase enzymes activity, anthocyanin, proline and soluble sugars content respectively in comparison with no application of zinc under 90 mM soil salinity condition. Also, both soil application ZnSo4 and foliar application nano Zn oxide under non-salinity condition decreased hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde content in comparison with no application of Zinc under 90 mM soil salinity. Both soil application ZnSo4 and foliar application nano Zn oxide under non-salinity condition had the highest grain weight (1.016 g per plant) compared to the application of this treatment combination at other salinity levels. It seems that both application of ZnSo4 and nano Zn oxide can increase weight yield of wheat under salinity condition due to improving biochemical traits.
Mostafa Ebrahimikia; Matin Jami Moeini; Hamid Marvi; Yousef Hasheminejhad; Mohammad Ghasemzadeh Ganjehie
Abstract
To investigate the effects of row spacing and nitrogen application rate on growth and yield of quinoa, a split plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Sabzevar during 2018. The factors studied were row spacing at three levels (25, 50 and 75 cm) and ...
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To investigate the effects of row spacing and nitrogen application rate on growth and yield of quinoa, a split plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Sabzevar during 2018. The factors studied were row spacing at three levels (25, 50 and 75 cm) and nitrogen application rate at four levels (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg N ha-1). The results showed that the highest content of photosynthetic pigments, panicle length, number of seeds per plant and biological yield were obtained by 150 kg N ha-1 treatment. However, the 100 kg N ha-1 treatment had the highest number of panicles per plant (19.24) and 1000-seed weight (3.51 g). Increasing row spacing increased chlorophyll contents, plant height, number of panicles, panicle length and number of seeds per plant, but decreased 1000-seed weight, seed yield and biological yield. The decrease in seed yield by increasing the row spacing to 50 and 75 cm was 18.62 and 50.14%, respectively. The highest seed yield (6644.5 kg ha-1) was produced with application of 150 kg N ha-1 at a row spacing of 25 cm. With increasing row spacing, nitrogen requirement to produce maximum seed yield decreased, so that the highest seed yield in 75, 50 and 25 cm rows spacing were produced with the application of 50, 100 and 150 kg N ha-1, respectively. According to the results, the application of 150 kg N ha-1 and row spacing of 25 cm is recommended for planting quinoa, Sajama genotype.
Abdolshakoor Raissi; Fatemeh Nosrati; Hossein piri
Abstract
The use of different nutritional sources is one of the effective ways to maintain soil quality and improve the quantitative and qualitative yield of plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of organic, biological and chemical fertilizers on some quantitative and qualitative traits ...
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The use of different nutritional sources is one of the effective ways to maintain soil quality and improve the quantitative and qualitative yield of plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of organic, biological and chemical fertilizers on some quantitative and qualitative traits in Isabgol medicinal plant in 2018-19 crop year in a randomized complete block design with 6 treatments and 4 replications in Iranshahr. Fertilizer treatments were: Vermicompost (10 tons per hectare), Animal manure (20 tons per hectare), Phosphate Barvar 2 biofertilizer (100 g/ha), Phosphate Barvar 3 biofertilizer (100 g/ha), Superphosphate triple (50 Kg/ha) and no fertilizer application (control). The results showed that the effect of fertilizers on most of the studied traits was significant at the 1% level. The effect of treatments on plant Height and Carbohydrates was not significant and on Inflation index and Chlorophyll number were significant at 5% level. Maximum number of tillers per plant, number of spikes, spike length, fresh weight of plant, swelling index, Carbohydrate, Nitrogen, Potassium and Chlorophyll number were obtain under the influence of manure, and traits including root length, plant height, number of seeds per spike, dry weight Plant, 1000-seed weight, plant yield, yield per hectare, mucilage, protein, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll were obtained under the influence of Vermicompost. Also, control treatment and Phosphate Barvar 2 biofertilizer had the highest swelling and the highest percentage of phosphorus, respectively.
Mehdi Esmaeiltabar; Faezeh Zaefarian; Shahram Nazari; Rahmat Abbasi
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of different weed control managements on emergence characteristics and morphological growth of rice seedlings in seedling stage in direct seeding system, an experiment was conducted in 2020 growing season. The experiment was performed as a factorial in a randomized ...
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In order to investigate the effect of different weed control managements on emergence characteristics and morphological growth of rice seedlings in seedling stage in direct seeding system, an experiment was conducted in 2020 growing season. The experiment was performed as a factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Factors included Shiroudi, Khazar and Hashemi cultivars as well as various weed control managements. Coating the seeds with calcium chloride, potassium chloride and weeding were able to reduce the dry weight of grasses, respectively 54.60, 68.02 and 84.68% in Shiroudi cultivar, 78.53, 62.94 and 53.53% in Khazar cultivar and also 29.67, 57.86% and 34.71% in Hashemi cultivar compared to the control. The highest percentage of germination with 99.33, 97.67 and 94.67% was obtained under the seed coatings with potassium chloride, calcium chloride and weeding in Shiroudi cultivar, respectively. The highest germination rate was observed in potassium and calcium chloride seed coating treatments and weeding. The lowest density of broadleaf weeds with 0.91 plants m-2 was obtained in Shiroudi cultivar and by managing the seeds coating of this cultivar with calcium chloride. The highest seedling length and weight vigor indices were obtained with 3559 and 1362.62 in Shiroudi cultivar under weeding management, respectively. The results showed that seed coating improves the seed yield of rice cultivars.
sayyed-pooya hosseini; soudabeh golestani kermani; kourosh qaderi; nasrin sayari
Abstract
The experiment was carried out as a factorial based on completely randomized design during spring of 2019 in the research greenhouse of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. The research factors included 3 irrigation levels Fc100, Fc75 and Fc50 (100, 75 and 50 percent field capacity) as the first factor ...
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The experiment was carried out as a factorial based on completely randomized design during spring of 2019 in the research greenhouse of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. The research factors included 3 irrigation levels Fc100, Fc75 and Fc50 (100, 75 and 50 percent field capacity) as the first factor and two superabsorbent levels S0 and S5 (0 and 5 gr/kg soil) as a second factor which was done with five replications. The results showed that the maximum yield (40. 23 ton/ ha) and water productivity (10.36 kg/m^3) were observed in FC100S5 treatment which increased by 5.71 and 47.6 percent respectively, compared to the values recorded in similar level of irrigation and non-superabsorbent polymer. The maximum value of total chlorophyll (25.12 mg/ml) were observed in FC100S5 treatment which increased by 19.44 percent compared to the control treatment. The maximum value of vitamin c was observed in FC100S0 treatment which was 18.27 percent higher than minimum recorded value. Finally, the results showed that difference between irrigation water production of cherry tomato in FC100S0 and FC75S5 is not significant, despite 25% reduction in field capacity moisture at FC75S5. According to the results of this research, the quadratic production function is recommended as the optimal function for estimating the mentioned traits in terms of application and non- application of super absorbent.
Mohsen Seilsepour
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of different application methods of humic acid and aminochelate (Foliar application and soil application) on growth and yield of greenhouse-cucumber (Cucumis sativus. L), an experiment research at greenhouse for two years was carried out with three replications with randomized ...
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To evaluate the effect of different application methods of humic acid and aminochelate (Foliar application and soil application) on growth and yield of greenhouse-cucumber (Cucumis sativus. L), an experiment research at greenhouse for two years was carried out with three replications with randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement, with three levels of humic acid (no humic acid, soil humic acid and leaf-spray humic acid) and three levels of aminocelate (without aminochelate application, soil aminoclate application and leaf aminochelate application). The effect of humic acid application and the effect of amino acid application on fruit yield per unit area, number of fruits per plant, fruit dry matter percentage and leaf chlorophyll index were significant. Also, the effect of humic acid application, the effect of amino acid application and the interaction effect of humic acid and amino acid application on the concentration of nutrients consumed and low leaf consumption were significant. The highest mean fruit yield per unit area was obtained from the application of humic acid soil at 28.7 kg / m2, which increased yield by 24.7% compared to the control treatment (without using humic acid and aminoclate). According to the results, to achieve maximum yield per unit area, use of humic acid and aminocelate in soil were recommended.
Razieh Assadi; Mostafa Darvishnia; Mehdi Nasr Esfahani; Eidy Bazgir; Samira Pakbaz
Abstract
One of the most important pathogens in plants including pomegranate, are root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) causing considerable damage to this important export product. Due to the importance of the subject which was done in 2018- 2019 in the Faculty of Agriculture of Lorestan University, studies ...
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One of the most important pathogens in plants including pomegranate, are root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) causing considerable damage to this important export product. Due to the importance of the subject which was done in 2018- 2019 in the Faculty of Agriculture of Lorestan University, studies with treatments including organic fertilizer (40, 60 and 80 t/ha.), vermicompost (40 t/ha.) and Marygld product (200, 300 and 400 g/m2) were done in a completely random design on the dominant root-knot nematodes species, M. javanica under greenhouse conditions on pomegranate seedlings. The measurement indicators included gall index, the number of egg sacs and the final population of egg and J2 larvae in the soil and the roots, and growth factors of pomegranate seedlings. Reproduction factor and the percentage of increase or decrease of root knot nematode population, were calculated in each treatment compared to the initial population of the same treatment. The results showed vermicompost (40 t/ha.) with 94.35 percent reduction in population of egg and larvae had the highest effect on reducing the nematode population compared to the other treatments. Marygld 400, 300 and 200 g/m2 treatments were ranked next by 93.47, 91.21 and 92.65 percent reduction in nematode population respectively and then the nematode reduction in the composts of 80, 60 and 40 t/ha by 89.67, 86.55 and 86.81 percent respectively.
Mohammad Saeidi Abuesghaghi; Mohammad Rafieiolhossaini
Abstract
seed polishing treatment on germination and seedling growth of different sugar beet cultivars, a experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications in the laboratory and greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University in 2020-2021. The first factor consisted ...
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seed polishing treatment on germination and seedling growth of different sugar beet cultivars, a experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications in the laboratory and greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University in 2020-2021. The first factor consisted of five monogerm cultivars of sugar beet (Shokofa, Arta, Aria, Sina and Octaban) and the second factor consisted of three levels of seed polishing (control, abrasion of 10% of seed husk weight and , abrasion of 30% of seed husk weight). The results of analysis of variance showed that the effect of cultivar and the interaction of cultivar and abrasion on all traits were significant. Comparison of mean interactions showed that Aria cultivar and 30% abrasion treatment had the highest germination percentage (83.5 percentage), germination rate (7.6 seed/day), and mean daily germination (5.96 seed/day) Meanwhile, the highest coefficient of seed length vigor index (10.18) were related to Ekbatan cultivar and 30% abrasion treatment. The highest fresh weight of plumule (0.25 g) and radicle (0.053 g) belonged to Shokofa cultivar without abrasion, the highest amount of chlorophyll b (2.77 mg/g fresh weight) and related to Arta cultivar and 30% abrasion, the highest amount of chlorophyll a (4.19 mg/g fresh weight ) was observed in Shokofa cultivar with 30% abrasion In general, it can be concluded from this study that polishing of 30% weight improves the germination and growth characteristics of sugar beet seeds and among the cultivars tested, Aria is more affected by abrasion than other cultivars
Babak Darvishi; Mehrdad Eshghi; Sarhad Bahrami; Hamid Nasiri; Rahmat Azad; Atefe Khandan; Rahman Bakhtar; abbas Norouzi
Abstract
Value for Cultivation and Use (VCU) test is performed by Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute (SPCRI) or its legal representative according to articles 17-24 of second part of the executive regulations of the law on Registration of Plant Varieties. In this regard, in order to value ...
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Value for Cultivation and Use (VCU) test is performed by Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute (SPCRI) or its legal representative according to articles 17-24 of second part of the executive regulations of the law on Registration of Plant Varieties. In this regard, in order to value for cultivation and use test of two imported chickpea cultivars (Araz and Goksu), an experiment set up based on complete randomized block design in three replications and four locations (Oshnavieh, Moghan, Saral and Kamyaran) during 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 . Results showed that the amount of chickpea seed yield in Oshnavieh location (temperate cold rejoin) was significantly higher than other studied locations (3365.5 kg.ha-1). Due to the significant interaction of cultivar × location on seed yield, different cultivars had the highest yield in different locations. The highest 100 seed weight belonged to Araz (39.11 gr), Goksu (37.04 gr) and Saeed (36.22 gr) cultivars. Goksu had the highest height of first pod (21.59 cm) and then came Hashem (20.13 cm), Araz (19.43 cm), Saeed (19.02 cm) and Mansour (18.08 cm). Goksu, Mansour and Saeed cultivars had longest physiological maturity period. The physiological maturity period in Araz and Areman cultivars was significantly shorter than the other studied cultivars. Araz and Goksu cultivars are considered as two suitable chickpea germplasm for cultivation in Iran due to their higher yield, higher 100 seed weight and higher first pod height.
Nikrooz Shirinzadeh; Mohammad Hassan Biglouei; Karamat Akhavan; Adel Mohammadi
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of deficit irrigation on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of wheat (Triticum asetivum L.) Morvareed cultivar, an experiment with three main treatments including surface drip irrigation (TS), subsurface drip irrigation (TSS) and Furrow irrigation (F), and ...
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In order to investigate the effect of deficit irrigation on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of wheat (Triticum asetivum L.) Morvareed cultivar, an experiment with three main treatments including surface drip irrigation (TS), subsurface drip irrigation (TSS) and Furrow irrigation (F), and three submain treatments containing irrigation levels 50 (I1), 75 (I2) and 100 (I3) percent of the plant water requirement was carried out in the research farm of Ardebil Agricultural Research and Training Center in Moghan region during 2016-2017. The experiment was conducted as split plot based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The results showed that the highest 1000-grain weight, harvest index and number of tillers per unit area were obtained with 0.05 kg, 42% and 448.56 in I3 and protein content with 9.56% in I1, respectively. Also, the highest grain yield (7122.33 kg ha-1) was obtained from the TS with irrigation level of I3 (no significant difference between I3 and I1) and the highest water productivity based on grain yield with 1.81 kg m-3 was obtained from the treatment of F with I1. The lowest grain yield with 2866.67 kg ha-1 and water productivity based on grain yield with 1.05 kg m-3 were obtained from the F with irrigation levels of I1 and I3, respectively. Therefore, the surface drip (TS) with 75 percent (I2) and 100 percent (I3) of crop water requirement in conditions of water deficiency and no-water-deficiency, respectively can be considered as optimum methods to the wheat production in the Moghan region.
seyedeh roghaye hosseini valiki; Rahmat Abbasi; Hemmatollah Pirdashti; Vahid Akbarpour
Abstract
Weed infestation in arable lands is much more than one species, so it is important to pay attention to the interaction of multy species of weeds. To study the effect of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv) interference on yield and essential ...
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Weed infestation in arable lands is much more than one species, so it is important to pay attention to the interaction of multy species of weeds. To study the effect of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv) interference on yield and essential oil of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), an experiment was done in Research field of Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University in 2017. Experiment was arranged in a factorial arrangement based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimental factors included three densities of redroot pigweed (0, 4 and 8 plants m-2) and three densities of barnyardgrass (0, 4 and 8 plants m-2). The highest grain yield (2230 kg ha-1) and essential oil content (2 %) were obtained at weed free plots. The density of 8 redroot pigweed plants m-2 at simultaneous interference with 0, 4 and 8 barnyard grass m-2 decreased grain yield by 30.1%, 62.9% and 75.7%, and essential oil content by 24.5%, 26.2% and 29.5% compared with weed free plots, respectively. The coefficient of redroot pigweed competitivity was predicted higher than barnyardgrass, and the interference of 14.5 barnyardgrass plants m-2 or 7.7 redroot pigweed plants m-2 decreased fennel grain yield by 50 percent.
Mohammad Sayyari; Monirea Moradi Farsa; Ali Azizi
Abstract
The phonological stage which abotic stress occurs is effective in determining the content of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. In this research, the effects of drought stress imposing at different phenological stages on growth and some physiological and phytochemical responses of Nepeta crispa ...
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The phonological stage which abotic stress occurs is effective in determining the content of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. In this research, the effects of drought stress imposing at different phenological stages on growth and some physiological and phytochemical responses of Nepeta crispa L were studied as a split plot design in Bu-Ali Sina University during 2019. Drought stress at three levels including mild, moderate and severe stress (with 80, 60 and 40% of field capacity, respectively) was applied at two phenological stages (seedling establishment stage with 6 true leaves and pre-flowering stages). The results of statistical analysis showed that drought stress had a significant effect on all evaluated growth traits and phytochemical parameters of the plant including proline content, relative water content (RWC) of leaves, total phenols, flavonoids, tannins, antioxidant activities and phenolic acids. Imposing drought stress at both phenological stages reduced plant growth and decreased chlorophyll content and RWC. However, production of phenolic compounds and phenolic acids (including rosmarinic, chlorogenic and caffeic acids) at high level and the accumulation of proline by imposing drought stress reduced the adverse effects of stress and increased the medicinal properties of the Nepeta crispa. Also, the effect of drought stress imposing at pre-flowering stage was greater than its application in the seedling establishment stage. According to the results, it is recommended to impose moderate drought stress at pre-flowering stage to increase biosynthesis of some phytochemical compounds in Nepeta crispa medicinal plants.
Hadi asadpour; Saeid Hazrati; Amir reza Sadeghi-Bakhtvari; Bahman Pasban Eslam
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) reduce the effects of drought stress by altering some root properties and absorbing nutrients and water in plants. In order to evaluation the effect of AMF on some characteristics of spring safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.-cv. Sofeh) under water-deficit condition, ...
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Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) reduce the effects of drought stress by altering some root properties and absorbing nutrients and water in plants. In order to evaluation the effect of AMF on some characteristics of spring safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.-cv. Sofeh) under water-deficit condition, this experiment was carried out at research farm of the Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz in 2018. The experiment was done as a split plot in a completely randomized blocks design with three replications. The results showed that the highest petal yield under non-water stress was 281.6 kg/ha and the lowest stress from flowering stage to 197.3 kg/ha. In the control condition, the highest content of seed oil was 30.65% related to the seed inoculated with AMF. The highest oil yield was obtained from without stress with 1098.9 kg/ha, also in seed inoculated with fungus of 1107.8 kg/ha. The highest seed yield (4884.4 kg/ha) was obtained in the without water stress and inoculation of seeds and soil with AMF. In general, water stress leads to reduced yield and inoculation with AMF, especially inoculation of seeds and soil, yield of plants under water stress due to the positive effect on growth, improved nutrition and water uptake. Plants inoculated with AMF improved growth, yield and oil content under water stress conditions than non-inoculated plants.
Mehrnoosh Garshasbi; Mohammad Rafieiolhossaini; Sina Fallah; Ali Ashraf Jafari; Shamsali Rezazadeh
Abstract
Some medicinal plants have an important role in producing of fodder with high quality. in order to investigate the effects of different treatments of fertilizer and ratios of mixed cultivation of Chicory and annual Medic, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with ...
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Some medicinal plants have an important role in producing of fodder with high quality. in order to investigate the effects of different treatments of fertilizer and ratios of mixed cultivation of Chicory and annual Medic, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the experimental field located in Behbahan city in 2019-2020 growing season. The first factor was different fertilizer sources (Chemical, Organic and Integrated (in three levels; chemical fertilizer, vermicompost fertilizer and combined fertilizer (nitroxin biofertilizer + fertile phosphate 2 + 50% chemical fertilizer) and the second factor was five intercropping patterns including: sole chicory (SC), sole annual medic (SM), one row of chicory: one row of annual medic (C1M1), one row of chicory: two rows of annual medic (C1M2) and two rows of chicory: one row of annual medic (C2M1).The results showed that the highest dry forage yields of chicory and medic (4.04 and 4.63 t/ ha, respectively) were obtained in monoculture and chemical fertilizer treatment. Mixed cultivation ratios and application of combined fertilizers and vermicompost, improved crude protein and ash of medic and crude fiber of chicory forage without reduction in other quality traits. Evaluation of land equivalent ratio showed the superiority of all mixed ratios over monoculture of these plants. Finally, mixed cultivation treatments C1M1 and C2M1 with a land equivalent ratio of 1.3 and a total yield of 5.44 and 4.95 tons per hectare and the application of combined fertilizer were recognized as superior treatments.
mahlagha kaikha; Mahdi Dahmardeh; issa khammari; ziba soorinezami
Abstract
In order to evaluation of the spraying time and cobult nanoparticle fertilizer using chemical and green chemistry methods on morphophysiological indices of cowpea, this research was conducted in a factorial experiment in a the experiment was conducted Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three ...
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In order to evaluation of the spraying time and cobult nanoparticle fertilizer using chemical and green chemistry methods on morphophysiological indices of cowpea, this research was conducted in a factorial experiment in a the experiment was conducted Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications in Agricultural Research Institute University of Zabol in 2017.The experimental included 4 levels of treatments: (Cobult nanoparticles of plant origin, chemical origin, plant and chemical composition and control), as the first factor and time of spraying in 2 levels (Step 4and Step 6 leaf the second factor). The plant density of cowpea was 20 plants/m2 and irrigation was performed twice a week. The results of analysis of variance showed that the time of foliar application and application of nano particles of chemical and plant origin had a significant effect on all studied traits. Based on the results of average comparison, the highest amount of chlorophyll a (13.25 μg/g leaf), chlorophyll b (7.50 μg/g leaf), carotenoids (3.63 μg/g leaf), as well as plant height (34.84 %), number of pods per plant (28.26%), biological yield (45.64%), economic yield (59.10) compared to control treatment, iron (0.26 ppm) and leaf protein ( (46/14 ppm) was obtained from the six-leaf stage and from the combined application of cobalt nanoparticles with chemical and plant origin. In terms of all the measured traits, it seems that simultaneous application of cobalt nanoparticles chemically and vegetative, through improving the photosynthetic system, increasing leaf duration and photosynthesis, will lead to increased biological and economic yield.
Fatemeh Ghobadi; Nasser Majnoun Hosseini; Mostafa Oveisi; Gholam Akbari
Abstract
To investigate the effect of different levels of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on yield and yield components of some safflower cultivars, an experiment was conducted as a split-split plot in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications in the research farms of the University of Tehran, ...
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To investigate the effect of different levels of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on yield and yield components of some safflower cultivars, an experiment was conducted as a split-split plot in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications in the research farms of the University of Tehran, Karaj during 2018-2019. Main plots were irrigation (normal irrigation, irrigation until at middle of flowering stage and irrigation until the beginning of seed filling), sub plots were nitrogen (supply of 100% and 50% of nitrogen needs) and sub-sub plots were safflower cultivars (Goldasht, Golmehr, Padideh and Parnian). The effect of irrigation, nitrogen, and cultivar factors on diameter and number of heads per plant, number of seeds per head, 1000-seed weight, grain yield, and biomass were significant at the level of 1% probability. According to the results, cut-off of irrigation at the beginning of seed filling and middle of flowering stages leads to a reduction of 40.5% and 69.3% of seed yield compared to normal irrigation, respectively. Reducing the amount of nitrogen by 50% compared to 100% supply decreases seed yield 25.7% and biomass by 20.1%. The interaction of irrigation and nitrogen levels showed that providing 100% of nitrogen needs under drought stress prevents a severe decline in yield. As a result of the interaction of irrigation levels and cultivars in this experiment, Goldasht cultivar in head diameter trait and Parnian and Goldasht cultivars in the number of seeds per head and 1000-seed weight traits showed the superiority.
Ghorban Khodabin; Mojdeh Sadat Khayat Moghadam; Shahryar kazemi; mahsa rafati alashti
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of different tillage systems (no-tillage, minimum and conventional), fertilizers (no fertilizer, vermicompost (V), urea (U) and combined urea and vermicompost (VU) and irrigation regimes on various quantitative and qualitative traits of rapeseed as well as soil nitrate ...
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This study investigated the effects of different tillage systems (no-tillage, minimum and conventional), fertilizers (no fertilizer, vermicompost (V), urea (U) and combined urea and vermicompost (VU) and irrigation regimes on various quantitative and qualitative traits of rapeseed as well as soil nitrate leaching (NL). Field trials were conducted between 2017 and 2019 in the Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands. No significant differences were observed for seed and oil yield between the minimum and conventional till systems. However, the no-till system vs. minimum and conventional till decreased these traits by 22 percent and 21.5 percent. The combined application of vermicompost and urea under optimal irrigation conditions led to increased oil yield 24 percent compared to the control) of rapeseed Furthermore, across all tillage types, the highest NL was observed where urea was applied. When compared with urea, V and UV treatments respectively decreased the NL by 67 and 50 Percent in no-till plots, 50 and 36 Percent in minimum till plots, and 49 and 34 Percent in conventional till plots. Deficit irrigation also reduced linoleic acid by 7.6%. In addition, the highest levels of oleic acid (63.9%) and linoleic acid (20.7%) were observed under residual tillage system with combined fertilizer application and the residual tillage system with vermicompost application, respectively The findings indicate that minimum till in combination with VU treatments supports reduced NL over conventional till and urea fertilization practices while improving rapeseed quantitative and qualitative traits.
mehdi taheri asghari
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of foliar application of amino acids fertilization and mycorrhizal fungi symbiosis on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Calendula officinalis L., a factorial layout has been conducted, based on a randomized complete block design with three replications ...
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In order to investigate the effects of foliar application of amino acids fertilization and mycorrhizal fungi symbiosis on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Calendula officinalis L., a factorial layout has been conducted, based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the field of the research farm of Islamic Azad University, Takestan Branch during 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 years. Experimental factors included three species of mycorrhiza fungi (control, Glomus mosseae, G.etunicatum and G.intradices) and Soren amino acid fertilizer levels (This commercial compound contains a variety of essential amino acids for the plant) included no foliar application and foliar application in two stages of stem and flowering. The results showed that inoculation with mycorrhiza species was significant on all studied traits in this test. Also, the effect of amino acid fertilizer had a significant effect on all traits except essential oil percentage and extract yield. Among the mycorrhizae used in this experiment, Glomus mosseae was able to be superior to other fungi in most traits. The highest seed yield was obtained from amino acid fertilizer and Glomus mosseae with 2343 kg / ha and the highest essential oil yield was in Glomus mosseae with 7.74 kg / ha. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the use of amino acid fertilizers with inoculation with mycorrhiza has a positive effect on the traits of marigold.
Farideh Sadeghi; Yousef sohrabi; Adel Sio-Se Mardeh
Abstract
In order to study the effect of cytokinin, gibberellin and cycocle on yield and yield components of two wheat cultivars under different irrigation regimes, a study was conducted as a split-split experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research ...
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In order to study the effect of cytokinin, gibberellin and cycocle on yield and yield components of two wheat cultivars under different irrigation regimes, a study was conducted as a split-split experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Station of Kurdistan University in 2016. irrigation factor at four levels: dryland, irrigation at booting stage, irrigation at booting + flowering and irrigation at booting + flowering + grain filling stages as the main plots, two wheat cultivars (Sirvan and Homa) as sub-plots and levels of plant growth regulators foliar application including: control, gibberellin (100 µm), cytokinin (100 µm) and cycocel (3gr. lit-1) at the wheat stem elongation and grain filling stages as the sub-sub plots were considered. The results showed that in the foliar application during the stem stage, compared to the dryland treatment, yield increase in one, two and three irrigation treatments were 29, 33 and 43 percent, and at the grain filling stage were 22, 28 and 33 percent, respectively. Homa cultivar produced higher yield compared to Sirvan. in the foliar application during the stem stage, the highest grain yield (504 g m-2) was obtained under three irrigation treatments and application of cytokinin, and at the grain filling stage, the highest grain yield (477.6 g m-2) was obtained from Homa cultivar under three times irrigation condition and cycocel consumption. Therefore, using even one stage irrigation and the application of cytokinin and cycocel can increase the grain yield of wheat.
samaneh rahban; Benjamin Torabi; afshin soltani; Ebrahim Zeinali
Abstract
The present study was conducted to estimate the yield gap of irrigated canola in Iran as the first step for planning sustainable improvement of production. This experiment was performed in the modeling laboratory of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources in 2017-2019. The protocol ...
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The present study was conducted to estimate the yield gap of irrigated canola in Iran as the first step for planning sustainable improvement of production. This experiment was performed in the modeling laboratory of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources in 2017-2019. The protocol provided by the GYGA project was used for the detection of climatic zones as well as major weather stations in canola production regions to estimate the yield gap. The actual yield of the irrigated canola in its major production regions is between 1184 to 2358 kg ha-1. The range of potential yield was estimated between and 3823 and 6520 kg ha-1. The highest potential yields were obtained in the Hamedan and Lorestan provinces and the lowest value was related to the Khuzestan plain. The range of the yield gap in its major production regions in the country was 2480 to 4365 kg ha-1, i.e. 53 to 77 percent of gap and with an average, 3276 kg ha-1 equal to 65 percent of the gap. With respect to the exploitable yield as the target yield, the exploitable yield was between 1544 and 3208 kg ha-1, with an average of 2261 kg ha-1. The magnitude of this gap indicates that the potential of canola production in Iran is not utilized properly. Analyzing the reasons and methods of amendment the present yield gap and adoption of efficient management methods to achieve higher yields is crucial in view of food security and economic.
mohamad taghi feyzbakhsh; Abolfazl feraji
Abstract
: Increasing yield in Rice requires knowing the appropriate management methods such as planting date and introduction of new cultivars. This experiment was carried out at Gorgan Research Station in 2020. This investigate was done in two experiment (normal seeding date and late seeding date). Each experiment ...
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: Increasing yield in Rice requires knowing the appropriate management methods such as planting date and introduction of new cultivars. This experiment was carried out at Gorgan Research Station in 2020. This investigate was done in two experiment (normal seeding date and late seeding date). Each experiment was done including seven cultivars (Tarom hashemi, Fajr, Neda, Shiroudi, Tisa, Anam, Binam) with three replications. The results showed that the effects of seeding date were significant on all studied traits (days to anthesis, days to maturity, high plant, number of tillers, Filled grain number, Unfilled grain number, grain yield, biomass, water productivity and harvest index). At the spring planting date, the highest grain yield was observed in Neda and Shiroodi cultivars with 9023.3 and 8675.5 kg ha-1, espectively. Also, At the spring planting date, the highest water use productivity belonged to Neda and Shiroodi cultivars with one and 0.98 kg.m-3, respectively. At the date of late planting, the highest water use productivity was observed in Tisa and Binam cultivars at 0.74 and 0.63 kg.m-3, respectively. Due to grain yield and water use efficiency on spring planting date, Neda and Shiroodi cultivars and in late cultivation of Tisa and Binam cultivars can be introduced to farmers.
Mohammad Abiyat; Saeid Amanpour; Mahmud Abiyat; Majedeh Abiyat
Abstract
Satellite images have a high capability for estimating the area under agricultural crops. The aim of this study was to identify the area under dominant crops such as in Shushtar Province using Landsat 8 satellite images during the growing season during 2019. With Maximum Probability technique and Support ...
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Satellite images have a high capability for estimating the area under agricultural crops. The aim of this study was to identify the area under dominant crops such as in Shushtar Province using Landsat 8 satellite images during the growing season during 2019. With Maximum Probability technique and Support Vector Machine in the first approach and using NDVI index in the second approach, crops in different growing seasons and according to their calendar, a cropping pattern map was drawn. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the results, the generated maps with reference data were examined. Agricultural Jihad statistics of Khuzestan were also used. The results showed that Kappa coefficient and overall accuracy were calculated as 90% and 80% in the Maximum Probability technique, 92% and 90% in the Support Vector Machine and 95% and 93% in the NDVI, respectively. Based on the results, the cultivation area of wheat, barley, rice, and corn, in the Maximum Probability technique, in comparison with the statistics of Agricultural Jihad, had an error of 12.6, 16.4, 8.7 and 6.6%, respectively and in the Support Vector Machine had an error of 10.1, 8.3, 5.1 and 7.2%, respectively. However, using the NDVI index as the best approach for estimating the cultivation area in this region, in comparison with the statistics of Agricultural Jihad, has an error of 2.4, 1.5, 4.3 and 4.6%, respectively, which indicates the high capability of vegetation indices to estimate the Cultivation Area, According to their phenological stage.
Mohsen Feyzolahi; Ali Monsefi; Afrasyab Rahnama; masomeh farzaneh
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of chemical and integrated weed management on yield and yield components of grain maize and weed population, the study was conducted as a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2018-19 in Shavar Research Center in Shavar region of Shousha city. ...
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In order to investigate the effects of chemical and integrated weed management on yield and yield components of grain maize and weed population, the study was conducted as a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2018-19 in Shavar Research Center in Shavar region of Shousha city. Treatments were consist of unweeded (control), hand weeding, 1.5 liters of atrazine, 1 liter of atrazine + straw mulch, 175 g of ultima, 150 g of ultima + straw mulch, 1.5 liter 2,4-D + MCPA, 1 liter 2,4-D + MCPA + straw mulch, 1.5 liters cruise and 1 liter of cruise + straw mulch. The results showed that the highest grain yield was in hand weeding treatment as well as 1 liter of cruise + straw mulch by 14.4 and 13.2 t ha-1, respectively. The highest biological yield was recorded in hand weeding treatment (31.5 t ha-1). In case of harvest index, 1.5 liters of cruise showed the highest value (55.7%) as followed by 1.5 liters of 2,4-D + MCPA and 1.5 liters of atrazine by 53.6 and 47.7%, respectively. In terms of weed population dynamics, hand weeding and 1 liter of cruise + straw mulch caused the greatest decrease in weed population and dry weight which reduced crop competition and increased productivity. In general, based on the results, the adoption of integrated approaches (chemical + cultural + mechanical) can make a significant contribution to increasing the yield of corn and reducing environmental pollution.
Mehdi Joudi; shahram mehri
Abstract
The aim of this research was to study the pattern of dry matter partitioning to the different above-ground plant parts during anthesis, two weeks after anthesis, and physiologic maturity among wheat cultivars and to investigate its possible relationship with grain yield. Eighteen wheat cultivars were ...
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The aim of this research was to study the pattern of dry matter partitioning to the different above-ground plant parts during anthesis, two weeks after anthesis, and physiologic maturity among wheat cultivars and to investigate its possible relationship with grain yield. Eighteen wheat cultivars were grown at research farm of Moghan College of Agriculture and Natural Resources under well watered conditions during 2014-2015 growing season. The results showed that dry weight of stem, leaves, spike, and total plant (excluding the roots) measured at anthesis were different among examined cultivars. Depend on the cultivar, the proportion of different organs weight were different in determining the total plant weight, showing that examined cultivars are different in dry matter partitioning at anthesis. At two weeks after anthesis and at physiologic maturity, examined cultivars were different in term of partitioned dry matter to different plant organs. Depend on the cultivar, the pattern of dry matter partitioning was changed or remained constant from anthesis to physiologic maturity, suggesting that partitioning pattern of a cultivar observed at one growth stage is not necessarily similar at other growth stages. Analysis of correlation revealed that stem leaves dry weight at anthesis, leaves dry weight at two weeks after anthesis, and partitioned photoassimiltes to the grain correlated positively with square grain yield, suggesting that these traits could be considered more in wheat breeding programs challenging with increased grain yield.
Afsaneh Soltanzadeh; Ahmad Ghanbari; Esmaeel Seyedabadi; Mahdi Dahmardeh
Abstract
In order to evaluation of some morphological and chemical characteristics of quinoa, split plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications 2019-2020 cropping season, at the Agricultural Research station of University of Zabol, Iran. Vermicompost at three ...
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In order to evaluation of some morphological and chemical characteristics of quinoa, split plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications 2019-2020 cropping season, at the Agricultural Research station of University of Zabol, Iran. Vermicompost at three levels (0, 5 and 10 ton/ha) considered as main factor and chemical fertilizer at four levels (25, 50, 75 and 100%) considered as sub-factor. The main effect of vermicompost was significant on morphological traits such as plant height, 1000-seed weight, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index. Interaction of vermicompost and chemical fertilizer was significant on chemical properties including proteins and photosynthetic pigments. Application of 10 tons of vermicompost per hectare led to the maximum level of plant height, 1000-seed weight, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index. Also, the highest amounts of photosynthetic proteins and pigments were achieved from combined application of 10 tons/ha of vermicompost and 50% chemical fertilizer (25 kg/ha Urea + 50 kg/ha triple superphosphate + 50 kg/ha potassium sulfate). Totally, results showed the positive effects of vermicompost on the morphological and chemical properties of quinoa. It can be concluded that the combined use of chemical fertilizers and vermicompost can increase the yield of quinoa while reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and thus reduce the environmental impacts caused by them.
Madeh Ahmadi; Azim Ghasemnezhad; Mansour Ghorbanpour
Abstract
A factorial experiment based on the randomized complete design with six replications was performed. The work was done in a greenhouse under hydroponic and conditions in two consequential experiments. Endophytic fungi isolated from yew (at three levels of control- without Endophytic ...
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A factorial experiment based on the randomized complete design with six replications was performed. The work was done in a greenhouse under hydroponic and conditions in two consequential experiments. Endophytic fungi isolated from yew (at three levels of control- without Endophytic fungi, TB20, TB2-3), foliar treatment with melatonin (at three levels of control- without melatonin, 0.5 μM melatonin tablets and 0.5 μM Thymus vulgaris extract) and three salinity levels (without Salinity, medium salinity 8mM and high salinity 15 mM were the treatments of the present experiments. In both experiments, the first foliar spraying took place 7 days and the first irrigation with salinity water was done10 days after planting of the seedling. Based on the results of previous work, a growth cycle of three months was considered to obtain sufficient biomass. A positive effect of melatonin and endophytic fungi on the improvement of plant growth (one to two times) characteristics under salinity stress. Nevertheless, the best growth conditions were observed in low salinity levels using thyme extract and TB20 endophytic fungus. Most traits including plant height, fresh weight, and dry weight of different parts of stevia plant in non-saline conditions along with thyme extract and endophytic fungus TB20 were at their highest and showed an increase of approximately 1.5 times compared to the control. Since the use of melatonin and endophyte, especially TB20, significantly reduced the growth limitations of stevia in saline conditions, it is suggested that the proposed treatments are used in the cultivation of stevia under saline conditions.
Mohaddese Heydarzade; Seyed MohammadReza Ehteshami; Mohammad Rabiee
Abstract
Despite the progress of the livestock industry in Iran, the production of forage plants commensurate with this development has not been considered. Therefore, this study in 2017, with the need to produce feed for livestock and poultry and with the aim of determining the best density and planting date ...
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Despite the progress of the livestock industry in Iran, the production of forage plants commensurate with this development has not been considered. Therefore, this study in 2017, with the need to produce feed for livestock and poultry and with the aim of determining the best density and planting date on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Guar forage, was conducted in the Rasht Rice research Institute-station located in the Village of GilPordehsar in the Sangar city. In this experiment, four planting date (May 12, May 26, June 9, June 23) and three plant densities (200, 400 and 600 plant.ha-1) were evaluated factorially in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that the planting date of May 26 and the density of 600 plant.ha-1 in terms of fresh forage yield (35.02 t/ha), crude protein (19.02 percent), dry matter (54.35 percent) and carbohydrate (26.12 percent) was superior to other planting dates and plant density under test. The highest yield of dry forage (6.1 t/ha) and neutral detergent fiber (58.23 percent) was observed on May 12 and a density of 600 plant.ha-1. The amount of crude fiber increased with delay in planting, but the percent of Ash was not affected by different planting dates and densities. According to the results obtained in the present study, in order to obtain the highest quantity and quality of forage in Guilan province, the planting date of May 26 and the density of 600 plant.ha-1 is recommended.
Mehdi Heydari-Rahni; Mohammad Nasri; Yousef Filizadeh; Pourang Kasraie
Abstract
The effects of chemical fertilizer of urea in 5 levels (0, 30, 60, 90 and 150 kg ha-1) and biofertilizers in 4 levels (Nitroxin, Phosphate barvar2, mixed of both and control) on quantity and quality yield of valerian were studied during 2016 to 2020. Measured parameters were valernic acid (percent), ...
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The effects of chemical fertilizer of urea in 5 levels (0, 30, 60, 90 and 150 kg ha-1) and biofertilizers in 4 levels (Nitroxin, Phosphate barvar2, mixed of both and control) on quantity and quality yield of valerian were studied during 2016 to 2020. Measured parameters were valernic acid (percent), valernic acid (g ha-1), root dry weight (kg ha-1), shoot dry weight (kg ha-1), root diameter (mm), root length (cm), leaf width (cm) and leaf length (cm). This study was carried out at the Homad-Absard Agricultural Complex in Damavand city, Tehran Province, Iran, as factorial layout based on a randomized complete blocks design with 3 replications. Results showed that the biofertilizers had a significant effect (p≤0.01) on the all quantity and quality parameters studied. Unlike the urea chemical fertilizer at all levels which had a negative effect on the yield and amount of valernic acid (percent), bio-fertilizers had increased it. Maximum and minimum amount of valernic acid (percent) were measured in control and 150 kg ha-1 urea respectively. The highest root dry weight was obtained in interaction of Nitroxin+ Phosphate barvar2+150 kg urea (665 kg ha-1) and control (221 kg ha-1) respectively. Results of this experiment showed that biofertilizers with positive effects on the parameters are able to replace the chemical fertilizers.
Farhad Azizi; Ali Mahrokh; Vida Ghotbi; Farid Golzardi; Seyed Mohammad Ali Mofidian; Mohammad Zamanian; Vahid Rahjoo; Masoud Torabi; Elias Soltani
Abstract
To identify the limiting factors in forage maize production in Iran, this study was carried out in order to separate the effective and influential management factors in forage maize production in the country with data which obtained from 43 final reports or extracted articles from them in Agricultural ...
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To identify the limiting factors in forage maize production in Iran, this study was carried out in order to separate the effective and influential management factors in forage maize production in the country with data which obtained from 43 final reports or extracted articles from them in Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) with meta-analysis method. According to the results, plant density 5.65%, drought stress -13.44%, cultivar 0.31%, planting date 2.54% and nitrogen fertilizer 24% justified the amount of forage maize variation. Based on the results of this study, forage yield was increased by about 9.49%, with increasing in plant density between 80 to 100 thousand plants per hectare. Maize forage yield was decreased significantly under mild stress, severe stress and very severe drought stress, by 25.30%, 14.38% and 8.99%, respectively. Also, for different cultivars and different groups of maturity, group-700 had a significant increase of 3.83% compared to other groups. For the planting dates of forage maize compared to the control, which is the first half of June, a decrease in forage yield was observed. Finally, the highest percentage of increase in maize forage yield was obtained from the use of 450 kg ha-1 of urea fertilizer. Overall, nitrogen fertilizer, drought stress and planting density were recognized as the most important factors affecting corn forage yield in Iran, respectively.
Jalal Ghanbari; Marzieh Besharati-Far; Gholamreza khajoei-Nejad
Abstract
Natural habitats of licorice decreased dramatically while the demand for this plant increased. Licorice seeds exhibit a low germination rate due to secondary dormancy imposed by the hard seed coat. In this study, which was conducted in the spring of 2021 at Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran, ...
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Natural habitats of licorice decreased dramatically while the demand for this plant increased. Licorice seeds exhibit a low germination rate due to secondary dormancy imposed by the hard seed coat. In this study, which was conducted in the spring of 2021 at Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran, the interaction effect of sulfuric acid (95-97 percent, 60 min) scarification with gibberellic acid (GA) concentrations (0, 100, 250, 500, and 1000 mg L-1) was studied in a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with four replications. The results showed that although there was no difference in germination between GA levels for scarified seeds, GA at 250 mg L-1 improved germination by 36 percent compared with control in non-chemically scarified ones. In contrast, increasing in GA concentrations increased seedling length, plant height, LN and CLN, LA, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, while decreased chlorophyll index (SPAD). As a result, chemical scarification, application of GA at 1000 mg L-1, and germination at room temperature can effectively increase the germination rate and uniformity as well as early growth of licorice plant.
abas soleymanifard; mani mojaddam; shahram lack; mojtaba alavi fazel
Abstract
Application of Azotobacter as a substitute or suitable companion of nitrogen chemical fertilizer with higher efficiency of inputs in safflower plant as a plant adapted to different climates is one of the sustainable agricultural strategies. There for in order to study the effects of Azotobacter and ...
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Application of Azotobacter as a substitute or suitable companion of nitrogen chemical fertilizer with higher efficiency of inputs in safflower plant as a plant adapted to different climates is one of the sustainable agricultural strategies. There for in order to study the effects of Azotobacter and nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen uptake, grain nitrogen and straw, nitrogen efficiency indices and grain yield of six safflower genotypes under rainfed conditions, as a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in during growing season of (2015-2017 ) was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station Ilam . Experimental factors inoculated a combination of seed inoculation with Azotobacter chroococcum with urea chemical fertilizer application at four levels (Non-inoculated with Azotobacter , seed inoculation with Azotobacter, inoculation with Azotobacter chroococcum + 50% N from urea and inoculation with Azotobacter + 100 Percent N from Urea) and six genotypes of safflower. The combined analysis of variance for two years showed that the main effects of nitrogen source and genotype and also year× nitrogen source had significant effect on all of the measured traits and nitrogen efficiency indices. The results of comparison of means showed that inoculation treatment with Azotobacter + 50% nitrogen fertilizer had higher Nitrogen use efficiency than 100% nitrogen fertilizer use and there was no significant difference in grain yield between the two treatments. Sina genotype with the highest grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency compared to other genotypes is more desirable for cultivation in rainfed conditions of the region.
Sahereh Hashemian; Alireza Abdali Mashhadi; Amin Lotfi jalal-abadi; Ahmad Kochekzadeh
Abstract
Chicory, due to its palatability and high digestibility, has an effective role in increasing the productions of domestic animals. In order to study the effect of sowing data and nitrogen fertilizer levels on some characteristics of chichory (Cichorium intybus L.), an experiment was conducted in a split ...
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Chicory, due to its palatability and high digestibility, has an effective role in increasing the productions of domestic animals. In order to study the effect of sowing data and nitrogen fertilizer levels on some characteristics of chichory (Cichorium intybus L.), an experiment was conducted in a split plot design using randomized complete blocks design with three replications at the Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan in 2016-2017. The factors included were four sowing data (22 October, 5 November, 21 November and 5 December) in main plots and four levels of nitrogen (zero (non-application), 75, 150, 225 kg / ha) in subplots. Results showed that sowing date affected only chlorophyll meter index, dry matter digestibility and digestible energy but nitrogen had significant effect on all studied traits. Increasing the application of nitrogen to 225 kg / ha had increasing effect on plant height, chlorophyll meter index and leaf area, branch number, and increased fresh and dry weight of plant. The treatment of 225 kg / ha nitrogen increased the fresh weight of shoots and the percentage of forage protein by 66.35% and 6.44%, respectively, compared to non-application. But in these two traits, no significant difference was observed between nitrogen application levels in different planting dates. In this study, late planting date led to better conditions for most physiological, morphological yield and quality characteristics. Accordingly, 22 October till 5 November sowing date with 150 kg ha-1 fertilizer is the best treatment for chicory cultivation in Ahvaz.
Mohsen Roshdi; Mohammad kazemalilou; Solmaz Kazemalilou
Abstract
The row spacing and planting density are important factors in yield of red bean. In this regard the effects of plant density and weed control methods on yield grain protein of red bean, a field study was conducted as a factorial based on complete randomized blocks design with three replications at the ...
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The row spacing and planting density are important factors in yield of red bean. In this regard the effects of plant density and weed control methods on yield grain protein of red bean, a field study was conducted as a factorial based on complete randomized blocks design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Station of Khoy in 2018. Plant density at three levels (20, 25 and 30 plants per m2) and weed control methods at four levels (lack of control, selective herbicide (Bentazon), general herbicide (paraquat) and manual control). The results showed that the interaction effect of plant density and weed control methods were significant on the number of lateral branches, number of pods per plant, 100-grain weight, grain yield, harvest index and grain protein yield but did not have a significant effect on the number of grain per pod. The highest number of pods per plant (26) was obtained at the density of 20 plants per m2 and manual weeding. The highest seed yield and seed protein yield were 3391 and 841 kg ha-1, respectively, at the density of 30 plants per m2 and manual weeding.Tthe interference of weeds, can also affected crop production quality by make changes in the composition of grains such as protein. By increasing the competitive ability of the crop through the selection of optimal density (30 plants per m2) in combination with manual weeding, it can be achieved to optimum yield in red bean.
donya behruzi; Marjan Diyanat; Eslam Majidi; mohammad Javad Mirhadi; ali shirkhani
Abstract
The experiment was performed in the form of split split plots in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications for two years in Kermanshah Agricultural Research and Training Center. Irrigation (optimum, 80% and 60% of water requirement) and chemical fertilizer (100% and 50% recommended) and ...
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The experiment was performed in the form of split split plots in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications for two years in Kermanshah Agricultural Research and Training Center. Irrigation (optimum, 80% and 60% of water requirement) and chemical fertilizer (100% and 50% recommended) and vermicompost (0, 2, 4 and 6 ton ha-1) arranged as main plots, sub plots and sub sub plots, respectively. The results showed that leaf area index was decreased from 4.51 to 1.6 from normal irrigation to intense drought stress. The highest yield of fresh forage (82.5 ton ha-1) was obtained in optimal irrigation treatment and combined use of 100% chemical fertilizer and 6 ton ha-1 of vermicompost and the lowest rate (30.1 ton ha-1) was related to severe stress treatment. (60% water requirement) and no use of chemical fertilizers and vermicompost. At all irrigation levels, the percentages of forage protein increased with the use of fertilizers and vermicompost, and the highest percent of forage protein (10.2%) was obtained in complete irrigation treatment and 100% fertilizer application and 6 ton ha-1 vermicompost. Based on the results application of 6 ton ha-1 vermicompost fertilizer can alleviate the negative effects of drought stress.
Mohamad reza Kimiaei; Alireza Sirousmehr; Barat ALI Fakheri
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of irrigation regimes and foliar silicon spraying on quantitative and physiological characteristics of borage (Borago officinalis), an experiment was conducted as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2014 at the University ...
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In order to investigate the effects of irrigation regimes and foliar silicon spraying on quantitative and physiological characteristics of borage (Borago officinalis), an experiment was conducted as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2014 at the University of Zabol research farm in Zahak. Treatments included: Irrigation regimes at three levels; (90, 70 and 50% FC) coprising the main-treatments and four levels of silicon sprying including spraying in the form of sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) (0, 2, 4 and 6 mM) as sub-treatments. The Results indicated highest amount of proline was obtained from the interaction of irrigation regime with 50% of field capacity, without the use of silicon at the rate of 0.7847 mg.g-1. Based on the results of average comparison, the highest amount of chlorophyll a (15.919 mg/g fresh weight), chlorophyll b (7.14 mg/g fresh weight), from the interaction of irrigation regime 70% of field capacity and application of 2 mM silicon, as well as number of flowers per plant, total dry yield of plant (520 kg.ha-1) and biological yield (1187 520 kg.ha-1) Per hectare), 70 and 50% of field capacity and application of 6 mM silicon were obtained from the interaction effect of irrigation regime, respectively. Overal results suggested that silicon application mitigate drought stress impact and led to increasing drought tolerance of borage. Since flower and flowering branches of plant has economic value, 4 mM silicon acid application recommended to obtain greatest flower yield under drought stress conditions.
Aliyeh Shafiei; Mehdi Hadadinejad; Saeed eshghi; kamran ghasemi
Abstract
To investigate the effect of potassium silicate and mycorrhizal fungus on heat stress tolerance of strawberries and to evaluate the possibility of increasing plant tolerance to heat at research greenhouse in Sari Agriculture and Natural Resources University at 2019. This research is in a completely randomized ...
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To investigate the effect of potassium silicate and mycorrhizal fungus on heat stress tolerance of strawberries and to evaluate the possibility of increasing plant tolerance to heat at research greenhouse in Sari Agriculture and Natural Resources University at 2019. This research is in a completely randomized factorial design with three factors including two levels of mycorrhizal fungi (presence and absence of mycorrhizal fungi), three levels of potassium silicate (0, 50 and 100 mg.l-1) spray in heat stress (25 and 41 °C) with three replications. The results showed application of potassium silicate reduced the Photosynthtic active radiation (PAR) damage in strawberry leaves. Which PAR of leaves bottom reduced 3 fold in compare to control, when the PARtop was 1133 umol.m2.s-1. In contrast to the increasing trend of transpiration in the control, the treatment of the plant with potassium silicate in the presence of mycorrhiza prevented increased transpiration and stomatal conductivity for water cooling the leaves during heat stress. Inoculation of the roots with mycorrhiza fungi led to a wide network of hyphae in root uptake and improved water use efficiency by up to 72%. Which resulted to increase ieved ts able to improve this index to a good level (0.76). Finally, it was found that high temperature stress affects many photosynthetic factors of strawberry plant that the use of potassium silicate in combination with mycorrhizal fungus, despite their separate use, to a large extent prevents heat damage to different parts of the plant.
Mohammad Nasri; zahra karimi; Meysam Oveisi; Pourang Kasraie; Hamidreza Larijani
Abstract
To investigate the effect of different levels of foliar applications salicylic acid and jasmonic acid on biochemical characteristics and yield of Thymus Vulgaris under drought stress conditions, a split factorial experiment based on randomized complete design with three replications was done during cropping ...
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To investigate the effect of different levels of foliar applications salicylic acid and jasmonic acid on biochemical characteristics and yield of Thymus Vulgaris under drought stress conditions, a split factorial experiment based on randomized complete design with three replications was done during cropping seasons of 2019-2020 in Varamin region. The main factor were irrigation levels (60 (normal) and 110 mm of evaporation from the evaporation pan (drought stress)) and the sub factors were different levels of foliar application of salicylic acid (three level: control (zero), 25 and 50 mg l-1) and jasmonic acid (three level: control (zero), one and two mg l-1). The results showed that the higest plant height (38.2 cm), wet and dry weights (7112.3 and 1778.7 kg h-1), percentage of secondary metabolites (essential oil 0.28 and thymol 60.9%) and concentrations of salicylic and jasmonic acid of leaves and the lowest activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and GPX) of thyme was observed in normal irrigation with 50 and 2 mg -1 salicylic and jasmonic acid treatment. So external use of salicylic and jasmonic acid in drought stress conditions, can be considered to increasing the production of thyme.
Mehrdad Rasouli; Alireza Noroozisharaf
Abstract
The use of compounds that can improve plant tolerance to abiotic environmental stress, including salinity, is important. To evaluate the adjustment of salinity stress using humic acid (HA), a factorial layout was conducted based on a complete randomized design with three replications on the Hypericum ...
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The use of compounds that can improve plant tolerance to abiotic environmental stress, including salinity, is important. To evaluate the adjustment of salinity stress using humic acid (HA), a factorial layout was conducted based on a complete randomized design with three replications on the Hypericum perforatum L. as an Iranian medicinal plant were collected from Hamadan province in the tissue culture laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Sayyed Jamaleddin Asadabadi University during 2019. Experimental treatments included NaCl as salinity at three levels (such as 0, 50 and 100 mmol.L-1) and HA at four levels (control, 25, 50, 100 mg.L-1). The results indicated that the plants treated with 50 mg.L-1 HA without salinity had the highest germination percentage (98.65), germination rate (38.94) and root length (34.21 mm). The highest plant height, fresh and dry weight of both shoots and roots and total chlorophyll were obtained under control conditions and HA with a concentration of 100 mg.L-1. While the highest amount of phenol in the treatment was 50 mmol.L-1 salinity and HA with a concentration of 50 mg.L-1. In the treatment of 100 mmol.L-1 salinity and HA with a concentration of 50 mg.L-1, the highest amount of total antioxidants (99.77 mg/g FW) and total flavonoids (2.39 mg/Qe g FW) and the lowest amount of hydrogen peroxide (9.12 µg/g FW) were obtained. The results showed that the mitigating effect, especially the application HA of 50 mg.L-1 levels, can affect the physiological processes and morphological traits of the Hypericum perforatum L. under salinity stress.
mohsen zafaranieh
Abstract
In order, to evaluate the effects of planting date and plant density on phenology, seed yield and the essential oil quality of Guar an experiment was conducted during 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 growing seasons. The experiments were performed as split plot layout based on a randomized complete block design ...
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In order, to evaluate the effects of planting date and plant density on phenology, seed yield and the essential oil quality of Guar an experiment was conducted during 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 growing seasons. The experiments were performed as split plot layout based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Different planting dates were considered as the main factor included 5th September to 5th February as monthly. Three plant densities were considered as sub-factor (20, 40 and 60 plants in a square meter). The required growing degree- day (GDD) from sowing to physiological maturity was between 1802.3 to 2347.9 °d on different planting dates. The highest GDD from sowing to physiological maturity observed on 5th May. The highest seed yield (3780 kg / ha) and galactomannan yield (1050 kg / ha), 100- seed weight (3.5 g) and the oil percentage (17.9%) were observed on 5th May + 40 plants per m2. by delaying planting time, 100- seed weight and oil percentage decreased and the seed yield (40%), galactomannan (68%) and the oil percentage (15%) were observed on September Therefore, it seems that the best time and density for planting Alyssum is 5th May and the density of 40 plants per m2.
Rahmat Abasi; Meisam Namdari
Abstract
A field experiment to study the competition between soybean and sesame in different planting ratios of intercropping based on replacement method was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with four replications at Sari Agricultural Science and Natural Resources University 2019. The planting ...
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A field experiment to study the competition between soybean and sesame in different planting ratios of intercropping based on replacement method was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with four replications at Sari Agricultural Science and Natural Resources University 2019. The planting ratios were 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, and 100:0 (Soybean: Sesame respectively) using replacement method. Results showed that intercropping had a significant effect on the percentage of N derived from the atmosphere and light use efficiency. Among the different planting ratios, the maximum amount of biological nitrogen fixation was related to the 90-days after planting, and the 75:25 and 25:75 planting ratios had the highest (75.95%) and lowest activity rates (42.67), respectively. In addition, the highest light use efficiency in intercropping was related to the 120-days after planting. At this stage, the light use efficiency in 75:25 and 50:50 ratios were 2.03 and 1.92 g.MJ.-1, respectively. The highest land equivalent ratio was 50:50, with an average of 1.12. Finally, increasing the light use efficiency in planting ratios of 75:25 and 50:50 an essential in increasing soybean's biological nitrogen fixation and increasing the efficiency of intercropping cultivation.
nematollah sedaghat; Abbas Biabani; morteza nasiri; Allahyar Fallah; nahid fathi
Abstract
Water plays a very important role in the rice plant & In order to investigate the effects of irrigation methods & foliar application of nutrients on growth & yield, yield components & quality of rice, an experiment was conducted as split plots layouts based on a randomized complete block ...
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Water plays a very important role in the rice plant & In order to investigate the effects of irrigation methods & foliar application of nutrients on growth & yield, yield components & quality of rice, an experiment was conducted as split plots layouts based on a randomized complete block design with three replications & two factors including three irrigation methods (flooding, alternate wetting & drying & Saturating) in the main plots & foliar spray in six levels (normal water, nitrogen, nitrogen + potassium, nitrogen + potassium + zinc, nitrogen + potassium + zinc + boron & nitrogen + potassium + zinc + boron + molybdenum) in the sub plots during 2018, in rice research institute, the deputy of Mazandaran (Amol) was executed on a national cultivar. The results showed that among of irrigation method, fertilizer & their interaction, paddy yield & percentage of amylose were significantly at (p<0.01) percent & other qualitative traits were significant at (p<0.01) percent. the highest number of floret per panicle (198.73) & full grain (167.15), & Percentage of amylose (21/67%) were obtained in saturated irrigation. The highest yield of paddy with an average of 6643.07 kg.ha-1 in saturated irrigation under normal water foliar application and drought & moisture. irrigation under nitrogen + potassium + zinc foliar irrigation with an average of 6163.13 kg.ha-1 compared to the control was obtained as the superior treatment in Similar conditions were selected for this study.
Fatemeh Delavarnia; Faezeh Zaefarian; roghayeh hasanpour; Hemmatollah Pirdashti
Abstract
In order to evaluate the ability of forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) to remediate the heavy metal cadmium with biochar and Pseudomonas putida, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design accomplished in greenhouse conditions with four replications at Sari Agricultural Sciences and ...
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In order to evaluate the ability of forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) to remediate the heavy metal cadmium with biochar and Pseudomonas putida, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design accomplished in greenhouse conditions with four replications at Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, in the summer of 2019. The results showed that the presence of cadmium in the medium of sorghum reduced the dry weight of root and shoot. However, addition of biochar and bacterial inoculation significantly increased the mentioned traits. Bioconcentration factor and bioaccumulation factor increased from 25 to 100 mg of cadmium. Plant tolerance index had decreased with increasing cadmium concentration, while the use of biochar and inoculation of Pseudomonas putida had increased this index, when the highest tolerance index (1.22) was related to the treatment of combined use of biochar and bacteria with no cadmium, which increased by 22% compared to non-application of biochar and non-inoculation bacteria. As the tolerance index of forage sorghum in all concentrations of cadmium was higher than 0.60, so, this plant can be classified in the high tolerance group to the heavy metal cadmium stress and sorghum can be use for cadmium phytoremediation.
Fatemeh Ghasemi; Weria Weisany; Marjan Diyanat; Mahmood Moradi
Abstract
The present study aimed to increase competition ability of some dryland chickpea cultivars against weeds under different plant densities. Therefore, an experiment was conducted as a split factorial in a Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications in the research farms of the Kurdistan Agricultural ...
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The present study aimed to increase competition ability of some dryland chickpea cultivars against weeds under different plant densities. Therefore, an experiment was conducted as a split factorial in a Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications in the research farms of the Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Garizeh Agricultural Research Station, Sanandaj, Iran, during the 2020-2021 growing seasons. Experimental treatments included different plant density (30, 36, and 42 plants.m-2) as main plot, seven cultivars (Azad, Jam, Hashem, ILC482, Pirooz, Kaka, and a local variety) and weed management (no weeding and hand weeding during the whole growing season) as subplots. Results indicated that weeding operations were effective in increasing yield and yield components of chickpea cultivars. Also, it was observed that there were significant differences among yield and yield components of the studied cultivars. ILC482 and Kaka cultivars had the highest and lowest number of main branches at 3.82 and 2.58 values, respectively.The highest number of secondary branches obtained at a density of 30 plants.m-2. Furthermore, the highest number of pods per plant registered for Pirooz and Jam cultivars and the lowest number of pods per plant was 7.98 in Hashem cultivar. The highest grain yield, indices of tolerance and competition and the lowest weed density observed for the Jam cultivar. The number of seeds per square meter, grain yield and ability withstand competition index improved with increasing plant density so that the highest values were achieved at the plant density of 42 plants.m-2.
Mohammad saeed Hasanvandi; Mostafa Hosseinpour; Abazar Rajabi; Seyed Bagher Mahmoudi; Dariush Taleghani; Saeed Sadeghzadeh Hemayati; ghasem parmoon
Abstract
The present study was conducted to compare new sugar beet cultivars for quantitative and qualitative traits in autumn sown condition as randomized complete block design at Safiabad agricultural and natural resources research and education center in 2017-2018. This study was include 22 new sugar beet ...
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The present study was conducted to compare new sugar beet cultivars for quantitative and qualitative traits in autumn sown condition as randomized complete block design at Safiabad agricultural and natural resources research and education center in 2017-2018. This study was include 22 new sugar beet cultivar that investigated in three replications. Measured traits included number of leaf in plant, root yield, sugar content, white sugar content, white sugar yield, extraction coefficient of sugar, sodium, potassium, α-amino nitrogen, molasses sugar and alkaloid ratio. The results showed that all the measured traits in the cultivars were significantly different. Highest root yield and white sugar yield was obtained from Callas and Honey cultivars with 125 and 113 ton/ha root yield and 13.5 and 13.6 ton/ha white sugar yield, respectively. Highest sugar and white sugar content with 15.75 percent and 13.63 percent were obtained from Sporta. Highest and lowest extraction coefficient of sugar was related to Sporta (86.5 percent) and Sharif (72.6 percent), respectively. The range of sodium, potassium and α-amino nitrogen content was 1.54 to 4.26, 2.25 to 3.95 and 1.78 to 3.22 mEq, respectively. In total to achieve maximum income for the farmer it is recommended that Callas and Honey cultivars or other cultivars that are in the same group with these cultivars should be used to obtain maximum root and sugar yield.
Shahram Nazari; maryam hossieni; Sajjad Rahimi-Moghaddam; Mohammad Mohammadi
Abstract
In order to determine the phenological differences of some for improved rice cultivars in Iran for applying in crop simulation models, an experiment was conducted in the research farm of the Rice Research Institute of Iran (Rasht) in 2020 was performed as a randomized complete block with three replications. ...
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In order to determine the phenological differences of some for improved rice cultivars in Iran for applying in crop simulation models, an experiment was conducted in the research farm of the Rice Research Institute of Iran (Rasht) in 2020 was performed as a randomized complete block with three replications. The experimental treatment consisted of six rice cultivars (Rash, Anam, Gohar, SA1, SA6 and M7). The results showed that the highest development rate was observed in development rate in juvenile phase and grain filling phase in Anam cultivar. The minimum and maximum time required to start emergence with 3 and 6 days were in Anam and Gohar cultivars, respectively. The maximum time required to achieve maximum flowering and physiological maturity was obtained with 71 and 103 days in Gohar cultivar. The highest flowering period with 19 and 20 days was obtained in late maturing Rash and Gohar cultivars, respectively. The highest growth degree days (GDD) in beginning of grain filling to maturity stage was observed with 401 GDD for M7 cultivar. The highest growth-day for pre-flowering with 1208 GDD belonged to Gohar cultivar. The highest harvest index was obtained with 50.91% in Gohar cultivar. The results also showed that the single grain weight under ideal growing conditions with 0.030 g was observed in Gohar and M7 cultivars. The results showed that the highest plant height belonged to cultivar M7 with 150 cm. The results showed that the highest total nitrogen uptake was observed in the plant at maturity of Anam cultivar.
shakiba shahmoradi
Abstract
Genetic resources of Iranian rye have high diversity in agronomic and morphological traits. Utilization of these resources is important in the development of new varieties. In this study, 9 rye ecotypes, along with commercial cultivars of rye, barley and triticale were evaluated in three growing seasons ...
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Genetic resources of Iranian rye have high diversity in agronomic and morphological traits. Utilization of these resources is important in the development of new varieties. In this study, 9 rye ecotypes, along with commercial cultivars of rye, barley and triticale were evaluated in three growing seasons 2014-15, 2016-17 and 2017-18 in research field of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute. The research was carried out in three separate experiments in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The study of phenological, morphological and agronomic traits showed that interaction of year and ecotype was significant for all traits except for days to flowering. Based on the dry forage yield, Ecotype 119 had the highest mean and Triticale cultivar had the lowest mean. Comparison of NDF and ADF percent in the forage showed that these traits were significantly lower in ecotype 119 and barley cultivar Valfajr than other samples. Based on the average of fiber in forage, Ecotype 119 had the lowest average. It seems that Ecotype 119, in addition to high potential for forage production, also has good forage quality. Therefore, the mentioned ecotype can be used for additional evaluations and application in breeding programs.
saeedeh kermani poorbaghaei; Majid Pouryousef; Alireza yousefi; masoud rafie
Abstract
This study was carried out to assess yield, yield components and quality traits of dragon’s head )Lallemantia iberica L. ( ecotypes’ seeds grown using some anti-transpirant agents in rainfed system in two regions of Iran inc luding Karaj & Khorramabad in 2018. The experiment was performed ...
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This study was carried out to assess yield, yield components and quality traits of dragon’s head )Lallemantia iberica L. ( ecotypes’ seeds grown using some anti-transpirant agents in rainfed system in two regions of Iran inc luding Karaj & Khorramabad in 2018. The experiment was performed based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD)with a 4*3 factorial arrangement consisting of three replications. The first factor consists of four different ecotypes of dragon’s head)Kurdistan, Takab, Nazarkahrizi and Kalibar) and the second factor including three anti-transpirant compounds (kaolin with a concentration of 5 Percent, chitosan with a concentration of 1 Percent and Ista with a concentration of 2 Percent) and no anti-transpirant(control).The results indicated that the triple interaction of ecotypes, anti-transpirant and location on most of the studied traits was significant. Among anti-transpirant, chitosan had the greatest effect on cultivated ecotype & increased grain, biomass, oil and mucilage yields by 20, 4, 11, 18 Percent, respectively. Also, Nazarkahrizi, Kalibar, Kurdistan and Takab ecotypes cultivated in Karaj had the highest values in the studied traits under foliar application with anti-transpirant, respectively. According to the studies conducted in this study, the selection of a suitable ecotypes with the region and the use of antiperspirants improve the yield & yield components, quality traits of dragon’s head in rainfed cultivation conditions.
Elaheh Hosseini Sanavi; Bahram Abedy; Tahereh Parvaneh
Abstract
Numerous studies have been performed on the effect of rootstock and cultivar on physicochemical traits of apple fruit and the results have shown different effects of these two factors. In order to study three vegetative rootstocks on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of apple cultivars ...
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Numerous studies have been performed on the effect of rootstock and cultivar on physicochemical traits of apple fruit and the results have shown different effects of these two factors. In order to study three vegetative rootstocks on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of apple cultivars "Golden Delicious" and "Red Delicious", an experiment in factorial design based on randomized complete blocks with four replications in orchard of Mashhad Agricultural Research Center was performed in 2021. Fruit quantitative and qualitative characteristics: weight, volume, density, length, diameter, firmness, pH, total soluble solids, phenol content, antioxidant properties and anthocyanin was measured. The highest amount of total phenol (652.9 μg.g-1FW) and anthocyanin (35.9 mg.g-1FW) was measured in "Red delicious" on M9 rootstock. The results of this study showed that "Red delicious" had the highest amount of diameter (78/64 mm) and weight (166/9 g). The highest amount of fruit firmness in M9 rootstock (5/64 kgcm-3) was observed. In general, the results of this study indicated a different effect of rootstock and cultivar interaction on the studied characteristics. Depending on the purpose of gardener, different grafting compounds can be recommended. "Red delicious" on M9 and MM106 rootstock with highest amount of total phenol and anthocyanin was suggested as a valuable grafting compounds in terms of health benefits under Mashhad Climatic Conditions.
Akram Vatankhah; Saeed Reezi; Zahra Izadi; Abdorahman Motamedi; Mahdi Ghasemi Varnamkhasti
Abstract
In this study, the tms2 gene, the cause of crown gall, was detected in two Rosa hybrida L. (“Pearl” and “Angelina”) cultivars using electrochemical methods. In this study, stabilization and hybridization of single-strand DNA (ssDNA) related to tms2 gene, Agrobacterium tumefaciens ...
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In this study, the tms2 gene, the cause of crown gall, was detected in two Rosa hybrida L. (“Pearl” and “Angelina”) cultivars using electrochemical methods. In this study, stabilization and hybridization of single-strand DNA (ssDNA) related to tms2 gene, Agrobacterium tumefaciens was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. For this purpose, the pencil graphite electrode was modified with nanomaterials including reduced graphene oxide and gold nanoparticles. The nanobiosensor could be used to detect infected samples of “Angelina” and “Pearl” roses. DNA/DNA hybridization was performed by placing an electrode modified with ssDNA at a concentration of two (µmol/L) target DNA. The results showed proper stabilization and hybridization of DNA at the electrode surface. The designed biosensor has good selectivity. DNA-based nanosensor has advantages such as low cost, simplicity and scalability and can be the basis for the development of genomic detection tools.
Saeed Sayfzadeh; alireza moghaddam khamseh; Jahanfar Daneshian; Hamidreza Zakerin; alireza valadabadi
Abstract
In order to evaluate the planting date delay on phenological traits, yield components, grain yield and linoleic and linolenic fatty acids of new sunflower hybrids, an experiment as split plot in a randomized, completely block design, with four replicates at the field of oilseed section of seed and plant ...
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In order to evaluate the planting date delay on phenological traits, yield components, grain yield and linoleic and linolenic fatty acids of new sunflower hybrids, an experiment as split plot in a randomized, completely block design, with four replicates at the field of oilseed section of seed and plant Improvement during 2014-2016 growing season. The treatments include seven sunflower hybrids (Barzegar, Farrokh, Haysan 36, Qasem, Shams, Azargol and Haysan 25) on three planting dates (15 days after harvest of autumn (wheat), July 1, July 15 and July 30, respectively) was evaluated. The experimental results showed significant effects of planting date on all traits except number of seeds per head and linolenic acid at the level of 1% and on the percentage of oil and linoleic acid at the level of 5%. The studied hybrids were significantly different in all traits except linoleic and linolenic fatty acids. The latest experimental hybrids included Barzegar and Azargol hybrids and the earliest hybrid was Farrokh. The highest grain yield was obtained from the date of the first sowing at the rate of 2840 kg / ha and in the case of delayed sowing the yield was reduced to 41%.
Masome shenavaei zare; Mohammad Armin; Hamid Marvi
Abstract
Nowadays, the use of stress modulators as a useful and low-cost solution to reduce the effects of environmental stress has been considered by researchers. In order to investigate the effects of stress modulator’s foliar application in different planting dates on yield and yield components of cotton, ...
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Nowadays, the use of stress modulators as a useful and low-cost solution to reduce the effects of environmental stress has been considered by researchers. In order to investigate the effects of stress modulator’s foliar application in different planting dates on yield and yield components of cotton, an experiment was conducted as split-plot factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Sabzevar Islamic Azad University in 2017 and 2018. Factors were: planting date (early and late) as the main plot and type of stress modulator (control, salicylic acid (SA) 2 and 4 mM, glycine betaine (GB) 50 and 100 mM and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) 100 and 200 μM) in the sub-plots. Foliar application of 2 mM SA in the first year and 4mM SA in the second year produced the highest number of bolls per plant (10.1 and 7.58, respectively). While 4 mM SA spraying in early planting date increased the seed cotton yield (45.6 percent), but in late planting date, seed cotton yield did not respond to the stress modulator application. In the first year, 100 μM SNP foliar application had the highest lint yield in both early and late planting date, but in the second year, 2 mM SA foliar application produced higher lint yields. Overall, the results of this experiment showed that the highest yield of cotton in saline conditions was obtained in sowing at the appropriate date and foliar application of 4 mM salicylic acid.
mohammad ali esmaili; Hbibollah Ranjebar; Hemmatollah Pirdashti; Mortaza Nasiri
Abstract
The field experiment was conducted as a split split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replicaitons at Rice Research Institute of Mazandaran Province, Amol, in 2017. In this experiment, seeds were sown in seedling box with different six bed treatments. These beds included: S1: ...
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The field experiment was conducted as a split split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replicaitons at Rice Research Institute of Mazandaran Province, Amol, in 2017. In this experiment, seeds were sown in seedling box with different six bed treatments. These beds included: S1: sulfur bed with 50% rice bran, S2: sulfur-free soil with 25% rice bran, S3: sulfur bed with 25% rice bran, S4: sulfur bed with Thiobacillus and 50% rice bran, S5: sulfur-free bed with wood compost and 25% rice bran, S6: sulfur bed with Thiobacillus with 25% bran rice. After some measurements, the seedling was transplanted in the main field. In field, different beds in box, seedling number per hill (3 and 5) and planting space (20×20 cm, 30×14cm) were assign in main plot, sub plot and sub sub plot, respectively. The results of main cultivation showed that the highest grain yield (5043 kg.ha-1) and biological yield (12319 kg.ha-1) were obtained from the treatment of bed soil with sulfur with 50% bran. Planting arrangement treatment in ratoon cultivation on number of hollow seeds (4.1), grain yield (1617 kg.ha-1), number of plants per hill treatment on number of tillers (10.3), leaf area (10.6 cm2), panicle length (20.4 cm) and grain yield (1613 kg.ha-1) and seedling type treatment on tiller number (10.4) showed a statistically significant difference. Seedling grown in sulfur with 50% rice brain showed the best performance in terms of yield and yield components in both main and ratoon cropping.
Ghorban Khodabin; Zeinolabedin Tahmasebi-Sarvestani; Amir Hossein Shirani rad; Esmaeil Bakhshandeh; Mojdeh Sadat Khayat Moghadam; Shahryar Kazemi; mahsa rafati alashti; ali heidarzadeh
Abstract
In order to study the effects of late-season drought stress and foliar application of zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) and manganese sulfate (MnSO4) on physiological characteristics and yield of rapeseed cultivars, a factorial split-plot test was conducted in a randomized complete blocks design for two cultivation ...
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In order to study the effects of late-season drought stress and foliar application of zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) and manganese sulfate (MnSO4) on physiological characteristics and yield of rapeseed cultivars, a factorial split-plot test was conducted in a randomized complete blocks design for two cultivation years (2017-2019) in Karaj, Iran. Experimental treatments were included two levels of irrigation (full irrigation (control) and withholding irrigation from flowering stage) and four levels of foliar application (control, ZnSO4, and MnSO4, separately, and combined application of them) as factorial in the main plots, and rapeseed genotypes (Nima, Niloofar and KS7) were considered as subplots. Combined foliar application of zinc and manganese sulfate under full irrigation conditions increased the content of seed oil and soluble carbohydrates by 3% and 11%, respectively, compared to the control. On the other hand, in the conditions of withholding irrigation from flowering stage increased the percentage of seed oil and leaf proline content compared to the control by 9% and 5.2%, respectively. Niloofar genotype had the highest seed yield (5261 kg/ha) under full irrigation conditions, which was 9% and 11.8% higher than KS7 and Nima genotypes, respectively. Nima genotype with 3371 kg/ha had the highest yield in the conditions of withholding irrigation. In general, in both irrigation treatments, simultaneous foliar application of zinc sulfate and manganese had the greatest effect on the physiological traits of the studied genotypes, so that in full irrigation of Niloofar genotype and in case of interruption of irrigation of Nima genotype is recommended.
Hamidreza Sarli; Abbas Biabani; Hossein Sabouri; Rahmatolah Mohammadi
Abstract
This experiment was performed to study the effect of seed sowing density and different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer application on the remobilization indices in wheat (Qaboos cultivar) in the field of Gonbad Kavous Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station in two years (2018-19 and 2019-20) ...
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This experiment was performed to study the effect of seed sowing density and different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer application on the remobilization indices in wheat (Qaboos cultivar) in the field of Gonbad Kavous Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station in two years (2018-19 and 2019-20) in three replications and as a split-plot in a randomized complete block design. In main plots, pure nitrogen were at four levels included 0 (control), 46, 92, and 138 kg/ha of nitrogen from urea fertilizer source), and, planting density was at six levels (150, 225, 300, 375, 450 and 525 seed/m2, respectively, in subplots. The remobilization photosynthetic assimilate separately from leaves, main stem (without leaves), and seedless spike components were examined to study the process of photosynthetic material transfer to seed. The results showed that there were significant differences among planting density, nitrogen fertilizer, and interaction of planting density× fertilizer treatments in terms of grain nitrogen percentage and remobilization traits of wheat. The highest percentage of grain nitrogen (1.87 percent) was obtained in the treatment of 138 kg/ha nitrogen and 450 seed/m2. In the first year, the highest remobilization from the plant was observed in the treatment of 92 kg/ha nitrogen and 375 seeds/m2 (0.528 gr/plant), and in the second year, in the control treatment, the highest remobilization was observed in the planting density of 300 seeds/m2 (0.345 gr/plant), and then with increasing planting density, the remobilization from the plant was reduced.
Mahdi Kaykhazaleh; Mahmood Ramroudi; Mohammad Galavi; َAhmad Ghanbari; Hamid Reza Fanay
Abstract
An experiment in the form of split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Institute in Zahak to evaluate the effect of drought stress and potassium application on yield and morphophysiological traits of safflower ...
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An experiment in the form of split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Institute in Zahak to evaluate the effect of drought stress and potassium application on yield and morphophysiological traits of safflower (Goldasht cultivar) under saline irrigation conditions (EC 6 dS.m-1) in 2018-2019. Drought stress irrigation regimes were tested at three levels (irrigation after 45% (control), 65, and 85% of admissible moisture depletion) as the main factor, and potassium fertilizer at four levels (0, 75, 150, and 225 kg.ha-1) as the sub factor. According to the findings, drought stress reduced plant height, number of heads per plant, number of seeds per head, seed and biological yield, and relative water content. The use of potassium, on the other hand, resulted in a significant increase in the above traits. Irrigation after 45% moisture depletion increased seed yield by 42.32 percent compared to irrigation after 85% moisture depletion. Interaction of drought stress and potassium had a significant effect on number of branches per plant, 1000-seed weight, leaf chlorophyll index, soluble carbohydrate content and seed oil percentage; the highest amount observed after 45% water drainage and application of 225 kg K ha-1.
Hamed Hassanzadeh Khankahdani; Mashhid Henareh Ashkesoo; Seyedeh Somayyeh Shafiei-Masouleh; Mohammad Javad Zamani
Abstract
Based on the nutrition importance of nut squash seed and its commercial value, in order to compare seed yield and yield components of different nut squash genotypes in autumn planting time of Hormozgan province, an experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with 30 squash landraces ...
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Based on the nutrition importance of nut squash seed and its commercial value, in order to compare seed yield and yield components of different nut squash genotypes in autumn planting time of Hormozgan province, an experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with 30 squash landraces collected from Azerbaiejan Gharbi, Golestan and Isfahan provinces in three replications in Minab Agricultural Research Station during 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. The field was prepared in August and the seeds were sown in late September. The evaluated characteristics were plant length, the number of fruit in the plant, average fruit weight, fruit length and width, fruit yield, seed yield, the weight of 100 seeds, hollow seed percent, kernel percent (kernel/seed ratio), and seed bitterness percent. According to the results of the important traits such as seed yield, seed size, hollow seed percent as well as kernel percent, the genotypes of Kh6, Kh5, CP7-A, Kh2, selected CP3, CP4-B self, CP7-B self, Isfahan Pumpkin, CP4-E, O6, CP2-B and N2 had more suitable status than others. By evaluating all examined parameters as well as based on production costs and net profit, there is the possibility of nut squash planting in Minab region with some genotypes including the collected genotypes from Khoi region including Kh6, Kh5; the genotypes in Golestan province including CP7-A, CP7-B-Self, CP4-E, and CP2-B; Isfahan Pumpkin.
Zhila Nazari; Raouf Seyed sharif; Hamed Narimani; Sara Mohammadi Kale Sarlou
Abstract
In order to study the effects of water limitation, biofertilizers and nanosilicon on compatible osmolytes and biochemical traits of triticale, an experiment as factorial was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in research greenhouse faculty of Agriculture and Natural ...
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In order to study the effects of water limitation, biofertilizers and nanosilicon on compatible osmolytes and biochemical traits of triticale, an experiment as factorial was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in research greenhouse faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabil during 2020. The experimental factors were included irrigation at three levels (full irrigation as control; irrigation withholding at 50% of heading as moderate water limitation and irrigation withholding at 50% of booting stages as severe water imitation), application of bio fertilizers (no application of bio fertilizers as control, application of vermicompost, Mycorrhiza, both application vermicompost and Mycorrhiza), foliar application of nano silicon (foliar application with water as control and foliar application of 2 g.L-1 nano silicon). The results showed that both application of vermicompost, Mycorrhiza and foliar application nano silicon under irrigation withholding in booting stage, increased the activity of catalase, polyphenol oxidase enzymes, proline and soluble sugar content (49.17, 50.64, 44.92 and 52.22% respectively) compared to no application of bio fertilizers and nano silicon under normal irrigation condition. Also, both application of vermicompost, Mycorrhiza and foliar application of nano silicon in normal irrigation condition decreased hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde content (55.34 and 53.64% respectively) and grain yield increased 59.52% compared to no application of bio fertilizers and nano silicon under irrigation withholding in booting stage condition. It seems that the application of biofertilizers and nano silicon can increase grain yield triticale under water limitation due to improving the biochemical traits.
Farinaz Angouti; Hasan Nourafcan; Sakineh Saeidi sar; Asad Asadi; Raheleh Ebrahimi
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of chitosan and salicylic acid on the morphological traits of the medicinal plant Galega officinalis L. in field conditions in a randomized completely design with three replications in 2017 in the research farm of Islamic Azad University, ...
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An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of chitosan and salicylic acid on the morphological traits of the medicinal plant Galega officinalis L. in field conditions in a randomized completely design with three replications in 2017 in the research farm of Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh Branch. The treatments include foliar application with four levels of salicylic acid (0.5, 1, 2 and 3 mM/l). The results showed that foliar application of biological stimulants had a significant effect on all evaluated traits, except plant height and leaf dry weight. With increasing the concentration of chitosan and salicylic acid, the fresh and dry weight of the stem decreased so that the highest values in the two traits in the treatments of chitosan 0.4 and 0.2 g/l and 1 and 0.5 mM/l salicylic acid were seen. the highest number of leaf at a concentration of 0.6 g/l chitosan was observed. In the study of leaf and root characteristics, chitosan with concentrations of 0.2 and 0.4 g/l and in inflorescence characteristics, salicylic acid with concentrations of 2 and 3 mM/l were more effective. In general, the use of concentrations of 0.4 and 0.2 g/l chitosan had a more optimal effect on the morphological traits of the medicinal plant Galega officinalis L.; which is ultimately recommended because of its positive effect on most of the plant's growth characteristics due to its rapid absorption in order to achieve the desired yield in a sustainable agricultural path.
mohsen zafaranieh; arman Azari
Abstract
This research was performed in Vali-e-Asr University laboratory in 2020 in a completely randomized design with four replications. The carried out to quantify the rate of Guar germination in response to temperature, and water potential. The seeds were germinated at seven temperatures (5, 10, 15,20,25,30 ...
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This research was performed in Vali-e-Asr University laboratory in 2020 in a completely randomized design with four replications. The carried out to quantify the rate of Guar germination in response to temperature, and water potential. The seeds were germinated at seven temperatures (5, 10, 15,20,25,30 and 35 °C) and six water potentials (0,-0.2,-0.4,-0.6,-0.8 and -1 MPa made of polyethylene glycol 6000). The results revealed that the Beta function is suitable for describing the response to temperature, and water potential. Under different water potentials, base, optimum and ceiling temperatures ranged in 7.3 to 12 °C, 22.1 to 25.8 °C, and 32.2 to36 °C, respectively. The hydrothermal time parameters were 268.3 bar °C h, -1.103 MPa and, 8.36 °C for ɵHT (hydrothermal time constant), the data obtained from these models can be used in the establishment and management of guar for cultivation in different areas.
fereshteh darabi; Nosratollah Abbasi; Mohammad Javad Zarea
Abstract
The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of putrescine and 24-epibrasinolide on altering the activity of antioxidant enzymes to tolerate drought stress in basil. The plan was implemented as a factorial split plot in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications in ...
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The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of putrescine and 24-epibrasinolide on altering the activity of antioxidant enzymes to tolerate drought stress in basil. The plan was implemented as a factorial split plot in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications in the cropping years 1396-97 and 1397-98 in the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University. Experimental treatments included drought stress at three levels (40, 80 and 120 mm evaporation from Class A evaporation pan) in the main plots, putrescine foliar application at three levels (Put0 0, Put1: 0.5 and Put2: 2 (MM) and 24-24 api-brasinolide foliar application at three levels (Br0: 0, Br1: 0.5 and Br2: 2 μM) were performed factorially in subplots. The results showed an increase in the levels of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, proline, flavonoids and the percentage of essential oils under drought stress in both years of the experiment, especially in the first year of the experiment. Brasinolide increased and improved the drought stress damage on basil. gulation and increasing antioxidant enzymes to induce the immune system in basil.
Atefeh Beilari; Jamal-Ali Olfati; Masood Esfahani; Nader Pirmoradian
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield of cucumber genotypes in two seasons, and to identify cucumber genotypes with high yield and stability. This research was carried out in the greenhouse of the Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Guilan as a factorial experiment in a completely ...
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield of cucumber genotypes in two seasons, and to identify cucumber genotypes with high yield and stability. This research was carried out in the greenhouse of the Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Guilan as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design in autumn and spring seasons with 9 cucumber genotypes in three replications. The results showed that in terms of number of female flowers in autumn and spring, genotype C1 with an average of 16.7 per plant and genotype C8 with an average of 7.0 per plant are the best, respectively. Also in terms of leaf area, C10 genotype with an average of 2866.6 cm2 in autumn and C8 genotype with an average of 9340.990 cm2 in spring are the best and can be used to achieve suitable hybrids for each growing season. Also, the results of principal components analysis and population biplot showed that C8 genotype is a suitable genotype for cultivation in two cropping seasons in terms of stability of yield-related traits and vegetative traits. Finally, in terms of number of fruits, genotype C1 with an average of 5.0 per plant in autumn and C10 genotype with an average of 5.0 per plant in spring were superior.
Babak Adouli; Bijan Moradi; Mohammad Ali Shiri; Masoumeh Kiaeshkevarian
Abstract
Preharvest citrus fruit splitting is a physiological disorder that causes significant damage to producers of susceptible cultivars by reducing the amount of crop available on the market. Proper management of tree nutrition and special attention to the three key elements of potassium, calcium and boron, ...
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Preharvest citrus fruit splitting is a physiological disorder that causes significant damage to producers of susceptible cultivars by reducing the amount of crop available on the market. Proper management of tree nutrition and special attention to the three key elements of potassium, calcium and boron, which are involved in the strength of cell walls and fruit peel flexibility, can be effective in reducing the fruit splitting severity. Therefore, an experiment was carried out in the Ramsar (Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Center) during 2018 and 2019 to investigate the effects of foliar application of 1.0% potassium nitrate, 1.0% calcium nitrate and 0.5% boric acid at the end of June drop on reducing the severity of splitting and some fruit traits of Page mandarin. This study was performed according to a combined analysis in time with two factors including years of experimentation and different treatments of foliar application of nutrients, based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that treatments especially 1.0% potassium nitrate reduced preharvest fruit splitting and increased the yield and improved the quantitative and qualitative fruit traits, whereas had no significant effect on the activity of polygalacturonase enzyme, cell density of blossom-end and navel diameter. Overall, foliar application of nutrients, especially 1.0% potassium nitrate, could be suggested as an effective approach to controlling preharvest fruit splitting and increasing the quantity and quality of Page mandarin fruit.
Amir Mizani; jafar masoud sinaki; Shahram Rezvan; Mohammad Abedini-Esfahlani; Ali Damavandi
Abstract
The experiment aimed to study the physiological, growth, and yield responses of sesame to the application of potassium nano-fertilizers, chitosan, and fulvic acid under drought stress in Semnan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center as a factorial split-plot based on randomized complete block ...
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The experiment aimed to study the physiological, growth, and yield responses of sesame to the application of potassium nano-fertilizers, chitosan, and fulvic acid under drought stress in Semnan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center as a factorial split-plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2019. Experimental treatments included drought as the main plot (normal irrigation, irrigation cut off in 70 and 60BBCH as moderate and severe stress, respectively) and potassium nano-fertilizer (0, 1.5,and 2.5 per thousand) and foliar application (control, chitosan, fulvic acid, and 50% of chitosan+fulvic acid) were performed as sub-plots. Application of potassium nano-fertilizer under normal and stress conditions resulted in a significant increase in chlorophyll b and total, leaf area index, number of capsules, 1000-seed weight, and oil percentage. The highest grain yield was related to the application of 1.5 and 2.5 per thousand nano fertilizers using fulvic acid alone or in combination with 50% chitosan.The highest oil content was in 1.5 and 2.5 per thousand nano fertilizer application under normal irrigation, which increased 13.2% and 15.4%, respectively.Foliar application of fulvic acid with nano potassium fertilizer under severe drought stress showed the highest activity of antioxidant enzymes catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase.In general, the results showed that the application of 1.5 per thousand nano potassium fertilizer and combined foliar application of chitosan and fulvic acid under severe drought by improving physiological traits, leading to the modification of the adverse effects of drought and increasing growth, yield, and quality indices of sesame.
Mona Arvand; Yousef Sohrabi
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of integrated management of chemical and biological fertilizers on physiological traits, and grain yield of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) under different irrigation levels, a split-plot experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with four ...
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In order to investigate the effects of integrated management of chemical and biological fertilizers on physiological traits, and grain yield of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) under different irrigation levels, a split-plot experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with four replications at research farm University of Kurdistan during 2016 spring. Two irrigation levels (irrigation at 100 percent and 70 percent of plant water requirement) were randomized on the main plot. Five fertilizer levels (including 100 percent chemical fertilizers, 80 percent chemical fertilizers + biofertilizers, 60 percent chemical fertilizers + biofertilizers, 40 percent chemical fertilizers + biofertilizers, and non-fertilizer application) were randomized on a sub-plot. The results revealed that under irrigation at 70 percent of the plant water requirement conditions, proline concentration, soluble carbohydrates concentration and lipid peroxidation increased, but the values of other physiological parameters were studied, and grain yield decreased. The combination of biological and chemical fertilizers positively affected the studied physiological traits and grain yield, such that the highest grain yield belonged to the combined treatment of 60 percent chemical fertilizers + biofertilizers (798.18 kg ha-1), which showed an increase of 37.22% compared to the control treatment (without fertilizer). Due to the positive effects of combining bio-chemical fertilizers on physiological parameters and grain yield, it is recommended to replace the combination of bio-chemical fertilizers instead of using only chemical fertilizers.
Shahram Nazari; maryam hossieni; Mehrzad Allahgholipour
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of seed priming (Pretreatment) and coating on seedling characteristics, root morphology and phenological stages of rice, a two-year experiment was conducted in the Rice Research Institute of Iran (Rasht) in two years 2020 and 2021. The experiment was performed as a ...
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In order to investigate the effect of seed priming (Pretreatment) and coating on seedling characteristics, root morphology and phenological stages of rice, a two-year experiment was conducted in the Rice Research Institute of Iran (Rasht) in two years 2020 and 2021. The experiment was performed as a factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimental factors included two rice cultivars (Hashemi and Gohar) and the seed pretreatment of rice cultivars in seven levels including 1- Priming with calcium chloride (-1.25 MPa in 24 hours), 2- Priming with potassium chloride (1.25 MPa in 24 hours), 3- Priming with zinc sulfate (concentration of 0.5 mM in 12 hours), 4- Hydropriming (48 hours) + Coating the seeds with calcium chloride, 5- Hydro-priming (48 hours) + Coating With potassium chloride, 6- hydropriming (48 hours) + coating with zinc sulfate and 7- hydropriming (48 hours as control). The results showed that the highest percentage and germination rate was observed with 99.5% and 0.23 seeds per day under seed priming with potassium chloride in the Gohar cultivar, respectively. The least time required of days to achieve 90% emergence was obtained Hasehmi and Gohar cultivars studied by priming with potassium chloride and calcium chloride. The highest root length with 24.6 cm was observed in priming with potassium chloride in the Gohar cultivar. The highest root dry weight in Hashemi and the Gohar cultivars was 2.14 and 4.9 g, respectively, in priming with potassium chloride.
Hosna Fayazi; Ebrahim Zeinali; Afshin Soltani; Benyamin Torabi
Abstract
Global climate change is among the most important agricultural and food security challenges. Study was conducted to investigate the effect of climate change on potential yield and water productivity of forage maize in Iran. Two scenarios of RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 was used to predict the future climate (2050s) ...
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Global climate change is among the most important agricultural and food security challenges. Study was conducted to investigate the effect of climate change on potential yield and water productivity of forage maize in Iran. Two scenarios of RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 was used to predict the future climate (2050s) and climate data of 2001-2015 were used as the base period. Potential yield was estimated using SSM-iCrop2 model according to the GYGA protocol and the climate changes for both scenarios were applied in the model. The results showed that the climate change will not have a considerable effect on forage maize yield compared to the current conditions (85.6 ton ha-1) and will only lead to an increase of 0.9 and 1.6 percent in on both scenarios. This may be attributed to maize being a C4 plant and thus, non-effectiveness of CO2 increase on its growth. Also, the temperature will remain in optimum range for maize in most of the main regions for forage maize cultivation areas in Iran. Water productivity in both scenarios will increase by 0.4 and 1.6 percent compared with the current conditions (10.4 kg m-3) which may be due to increase CO2 concentration and more closure of stomata. Also, improved water productivity in forage maize may be attributed to increase yield potential due to the fact that no considerable changes were observed in terms of the required water, evapotranspiration and irrigation times.
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