Nader Khadem Moghadam Igdelou; Ahmad Golchin; Khadije Farhadi
Abstract
In order to study the effect of Cobalt, Molybdenum, and Nitrogen on the growth of Phaseolus vulgaris in soilless culture, a pot experiment was conducted in 2015-16 and in July, at 25˚C and light intensity of 40,000 lux as a factorial based on a CRD with 36 treatments and three replications in the greenhouse ...
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In order to study the effect of Cobalt, Molybdenum, and Nitrogen on the growth of Phaseolus vulgaris in soilless culture, a pot experiment was conducted in 2015-16 and in July, at 25˚C and light intensity of 40,000 lux as a factorial based on a CRD with 36 treatments and three replications in the greenhouse of Zanjan University. The test factors consisted of four levels of Nitrogen (50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/l), three levels of Molybdenum (0.067, 0.2, and 0.6 mg/l) and, three levels of Cobalt (0.006, 0.06, and 0.3 mg/l). Factor levels were prepared by adding ammonium nitrate, ammonium molybdate, and cobalt chloride to a stock solution. Results of morphological traits showed that the highest pod dry weight was obtained in N100Mo0.6Co0.06 treatment which had a maximum difference of 47.9% with other treatments. The highest dry weight of shoots was obtained from N150Mo0.6Co0.006 treatment and the highest root dry weight was obtained from N150Mo0.6 and N150Co0.3 treatments. Also, the highest number of pods was obtained in N150Mo0.6, N100Co0.3 and Mo0.6Co0.3 treatments with values of 235.2, 266.4, and 220.8 g/pot, respectively. Investigation of physiological traits showed that the highest concentrations of Nitrogen, Molybdenum, and Cobalt were obtained from N200Mo0.6Co0.3, N150Mo0.6Co0.3, and N150Mo0.067Co0.006 treatments, respectively. Overall, it can be stated that the application of N100Mo0.6Co0.06 treatment can positively affect the dry weight of pods, which are economically productive and improve the performance of P. vulgaris (Talash cultivar).
Raheleh Ghale Ghafi; Hossein HajiAbaee; Fathieh Nabhani; Salvia Mohammadpour; Zahra Ardanji Kalate Siyahdasht
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi (Rhizophagus irigularis) and rhizobacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens) on maize under different fertilization conditions as greenhouse research in the Jalin region of Gorgan in 2018 during two separate experiments. The aim of the ...
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This study was carried out to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi (Rhizophagus irigularis) and rhizobacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens) on maize under different fertilization conditions as greenhouse research in the Jalin region of Gorgan in 2018 during two separate experiments. The aim of the first experiment was to compare the conventional soil incubation with seed-coating incubation, and the second experiment was to assess the growth of maize incubated with mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria through seed-coating at three treatment levels of Hoagland nutrient solution (Control, 80 and 100 volumetric percentage of Hoagland solution). In both experiments, at 70 days after seed-coating, one gram of maize roots and soil attached to it were sampled and DNA was extracted from the maize rhizosphere. In the first experiment, there was no significant difference between the conventional soil incubation and seed-coating incubation according to the dry weight of stems and roots, roots’ longitudinal colonization percentage, arboscol abundance, vesicles abundance, and elements concentration. In the second experiment and under full fertilizing conditions, mycorrhizal incubation showed a significant increase in concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and zinc (18.1, 3.5, 56, and 46.0 mg/kg, respectively) compared to the control (12.6, 3.1, 39.6, and 24.4 mg/kg, respectively), and the bacterial incubation showed a significant increase for magnesium, zinc, and manganese (2.0, 42.6, and 145 mg/kg, respectively) compared to the control (1.0, 24.4, and 60 mg/kg, respectively).
musa Ebrahimpour; Pourang Kasraie; Hamidreza Larijani; Hamidreza Tohidi moghadam; Sahar Honarmand Jahromi
Abstract
In order to investigate the foliar application of bacterial herbicides and aqueous extracts of plants on morphological characteristics and starch of rice and barnyard grass weed, an experiment was conducted as split factorial based on a randomized complete block design cityAmol with three replications ...
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In order to investigate the foliar application of bacterial herbicides and aqueous extracts of plants on morphological characteristics and starch of rice and barnyard grass weed, an experiment was conducted as split factorial based on a randomized complete block design cityAmol with three replications in the two cropping years of 2018 and 2019. Factors included foliar application of aqueous extracts plants and surfactant of sorghum, broccoli, nettle, eucalyptus, elder-berry, Streptomyces sp-albos containing thaxtomin, Xanthomonas campestris bacteria and control as the main factor, the concentration of the extract was zero, 5, 10 and 15 per thousand as a sub factor and the plant species of rice were Tarom cultivar and barnyard grass weed as a sub-sub factor. By extracts foliar application, barnyard grass seed yield and biological yield decreased and the seed starch percent increased. Rice seed yield in the using of 5 per thousand of broccoli extract and 5 per thousand of Streptomyces sp-albos has not significantly different from the control. By increasing the concentration of the extract, seed yield and biological yield of rice and barnyard grass showed a further decreasing, the most effect was obtained in 15 per thousand extracts. In rice, biological yield in sorghum, broccoli, eucalyptus and Streptomyces sp-albos extracts were in a statistical group with control treatment. The lowest seed yield in rice at 3.16 ton/ha was related to elder-berry extract and in barnyard grass at 0.68 and 0.61 ton/ha was related to nettle and elder-berry extract. According to the obtained results,
Zoleikha Sharifi; ahmad zare; Elham Elahifard; alireza abdali
Abstract
In order to evaluate different levels of wheat straw mulch and herbicide on quantitative, qualitative yield and weeds control of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare MIL.) an experiment was conducted arranged as split-plot based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications at Agricultural Sciences ...
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In order to evaluate different levels of wheat straw mulch and herbicide on quantitative, qualitative yield and weeds control of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare MIL.) an experiment was conducted arranged as split-plot based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications at Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan during 2019-2020 growing season. Treatments included different concentrations of Linuron herbicide (0, 1.5, 3, 4.5 L/ha) as the main plot and different levels of wheat straw mulch (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 tons /ha) as a subplot. The results revealed that the lowest dry weight of broadleaf and grass weeds (73 and 15 g/ m2) of 4.5 L/ha herbicide and 9 and 12 tons’/ha mulch was obtained. The highest grain yield was observed (80 g/m2) in 3L/ha of herbicide application and wheat straw mulch 9 ton/ha, and the lowest (18 g/m2) in treatment non-application of mulch and herbicide. The highest essential oil yield of fennel (2.82 g/m2) was obtained in treatment herbicide application (3 L/ha) and straw mulch (9 ton/ha), while in treatment non-application of mulch and herbicide was 0.48 g/m2. Therefore, in integrated weed management, the use of wheat straw mulch could be considered in reduction of weeds competition and achieving sustainable agriculture in medicinal plants.
majid moslemi; hamidreza mobasser; nematollah sedaghat; eiman eshghi
Abstract
Optimizing the rate of nitrogen fertilizer application is one of the important management strategies for yield improvement. In order to investigate the effects of nitrogen levels & stress during two years on morphological characteristics & agronomic traits of rice, an experiment was conducted ...
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Optimizing the rate of nitrogen fertilizer application is one of the important management strategies for yield improvement. In order to investigate the effects of nitrogen levels & stress during two years on morphological characteristics & agronomic traits of rice, an experiment was conducted in the form of split plots in a randomized complete block design with four replications in 2009 & 2010 in a research farm located in Amol. Nitrogen levels at three levels (46, 69, 92 kg N / ha from urea source) as the main factor & sub-factor including four levels of stress or lack of nitrogen consumption (T1 = stress at full clustering stage, T2 = stress at stage the emergence of the initial cluster was T3 = stress at tillering stage and T4 = stress at transplanting stage). The results showed that number of full panicles per panicle, 1000-seed weight, Grain yield and harvest index in 2009 it was more than in 2010. Grain yield in the first year (450.25 g / m2) was higher than the second year (395.1 g / m2). Maximum harvest index was obtained in 2009 with nitrogen stress at full clustering stage. Therefore, the application of 69 kg of nitrogen in installments per hectare can be suggested to produce the highest grain yield.
ali ashori; Manoochehr Gholipoor; Ahmad Gholami; Hamid Abbasdokht
Abstract
Evaluation of some morphological and physiological characteristics of cumin by using of magnetic water and superabsorbent under low irrigation regimeIn order to investigate magnetic and superabsorbent water on some morphophysiological traits and yield of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) under low irrigation ...
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Evaluation of some morphological and physiological characteristics of cumin by using of magnetic water and superabsorbent under low irrigation regimeIn order to investigate magnetic and superabsorbent water on some morphophysiological traits and yield of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) under low irrigation regime, an experiment was conducted in research farms under the supervision of Shahroud University of Technology Faculty of Agriculture in Rahnjan and German districts of Shahroud city. It was done in a randomized complete block design with three replications.Irrigation water (normal and magnetic) and location (Rahanjan, German) was considered as the main factor and superabsorbent treatment (0, 100 and 200 kg / ha) was considered as a secondary factor.In all treatments, irrigation was applied based on 50% of plant water requirement. The results showed that location, type of irrigation and different concentrations of superabsorbent had a significant effect on the growth and physiological characteristics of cumin.The highest plant height, fresh and dry weight of the plant was observed in Rahanjan area using a superabsorbent concentration of 100 kg / ha. Due to climatic conditions and higher annual average temperature and treatment of 100 and 200 kg per hectare of superabsorbent and work on magnetic water, the highest amount of plant height, percentage of essential oil and protein, and soluble carbohydrates were observed. According to the results, most of the traits in Rahanjan region had higher values than German region. And plant cultivation in Rahnjan region is economic.
Alireza Hamdami; Hashem Hadi; Amir Rahimi
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of different periods of weed control and interference on yield and yield components of fenugreek, an experiment was done with two series of treatments including weed control from emergence to the third true leaf, to the sixth true leaf , to the first flowering branch, ...
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In order to investigate the effect of different periods of weed control and interference on yield and yield components of fenugreek, an experiment was done with two series of treatments including weed control from emergence to the third true leaf, to the sixth true leaf , to the first flowering branch, to the third flowering branch, to flowering, to seed filling and the second series including weed interference up to the third true leaf, up to the sixth true leaf, up to the first flowering branch, up to the third flowering branch, up to the flowering and up to the seed filling at research farm of Urmia university during 2018. The results showed that the interference treatment up to the third true leaf had the lowest weed dry weight. In both series of treatments with increasing the presence period of weeds, a significant decrease was observed in grain yield per plant and per hectare of fenugreek, so that the beginning of the critical period was determined 140 and 158 GDD from plants emergence at two acceptable levels of 5 and 10% reduction of grain yield per hectare, respectively, and the end of the critical period of weed control was established 349 and 282 GDD from the emergence at the two levels of yield reductions, respectively. Therefore, the best time to control weeds was from the third true leaf to flowering and from the four-leaf stage until the appearances of flowers at the levels of 5% and 10% yield reductions, respectively.
Parisa Sheikhzadeh; Gholam Behzad; Nasser Zare; Mitra Rostami
Abstract
To investigate the effects of selenium nanoparticles application on photosynthetic and biochemical characteristics and cold tolerance of oilseed rape, an experiment was carried out based on a randomized complete blocks design with three replications in the research farm station of the University of Mohaghegh ...
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To investigate the effects of selenium nanoparticles application on photosynthetic and biochemical characteristics and cold tolerance of oilseed rape, an experiment was carried out based on a randomized complete blocks design with three replications in the research farm station of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2018. The treatments consisted of foliar application of selenium nanoparticles (0 as control, 25, and 50 mg L-1) applied at the 8-6 leaves stage. The results showed that selenium nanoparticles application significantly increased the RWC, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzyme activity, winter survival, and grain yields of oilseed rape plants. The highest RWC, Fm, Fv, and Fv/Fm, proline content, and the activity of catalase and peroxidase enzymes were obtained with foliar application of 50 mg L-1 selenium nanoparticles. It seems that selenium nanoparticles application significantly increased the winter survival of oilseed rape plants by about 7.18 to 8.94 percent, by improving the Fv/Fm, the activity of the antioxidant enzymes, and proline content. Foliar application of 25 and 50 mg L-1 selenium nanoparticles caused about 28.10 and 34.19 percent increase in grain yield of oilseed rape as compared to control (no spraying) treatment, respectively. In general, the application of 50 mg L-1 selenium nanoparticles had positive and significant effects on the photosynthetic and biochemical characteristics, which resulted in increased cold tolerance of the oilseed rape plant.
Fatemeh Rashidi; Nadali Bagheri; NadAli Babaiean Jelodar; Ali Dehestani Kolagar
Abstract
In order to identify important agronomic traits related to yield and introduce early with high-yielding cultivars in Brassica genus, 100 genotypes of six species of Brassica genus (B. napus, B. juncea, B. nigra, B. rapa, B. carinata and B. oleracea)were evaluated implementing latis square designs with ...
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In order to identify important agronomic traits related to yield and introduce early with high-yielding cultivars in Brassica genus, 100 genotypes of six species of Brassica genus (B. napus, B. juncea, B. nigra, B. rapa, B. carinata and B. oleracea)were evaluated implementing latis square designs with two replications experiments at Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University Research Farm during 2017-2018. The results of variance analysis showed that the studied genotypes have very significant differences with each other in terms of all agricultural traits. The results of mean comparison showed that genotypes from B. napus species has the highest yield and genotypes from B. rapa species has the shortest days to ripening with the lowest yield. The longest days to ripening was identified as genotypes from B. juncea species. The analysis of genetic correlations for all species revealed that yield of seed had a significant positive correlation with days to ripening, silique number per plant, thousand grian weight and grian number in silique. Results of stepwise regression analysis revealed that silique number per plant, 1000-grain weight, number of silique per plant and days to maturity had significantly effects on grain yield. The result of factor analysis showed three independent factors that explained 92% of the total variability, which were named ‘productivity’, ‘phenology’, and ‘thousand grian weight’, respectively. According to all three factors, B. napus, best species and Janetzika، Liragold، Hayola 401and Hayola 308 from B. napus species, were identified as the best cultivars concerning seed yield and early maturity.
Mehrab Mehri Charvadeh; Hamid Reza Zakerin; Marefat Mostafavi Rad; Saeed Sayfzadeh; alireza valadabadi
Abstract
In order to evaluate peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) NC2 variety growth as affected by supplementary irrigation and Salicylic acid, this experiment was performed as split plat based on randomized complete block design with three replications in experimental field of Agicutural and Natural Resources Research ...
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In order to evaluate peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) NC2 variety growth as affected by supplementary irrigation and Salicylic acid, this experiment was performed as split plat based on randomized complete block design with three replications in experimental field of Agicutural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Guilan Province (Kanroud research station of Astara), Iran, during 2018 and 2019 cropping seasons. Four level of irrigation regimes: no irrigation (rainfed condition), supplementary irrigation at initial flowering stage, supplementary irrigation at pod formation stage and supplementary irrigation at initial flowering + pod formation stages and three levels of salicylic acid (SA): 100, 200 and 300 µmol/l comprised experimental treatments, as main and sub plot, respectively. Drought stress dercreased all measured characteristics in peanut and foliar application of SA at the rate of 300 µmol/l improved all studied characteristics under bath supplementary irrigation and rainfed condition. The greatest pods number per plant (51.57), grain yield (3450 kg/ha) and pod yield (4958 kg/ha) of peanut were obtained under supplementary irrigation at initial flowering + pod formation stages with SA and these agronomic traits increased 38.79, 70.8 and 57.6 percent compared to rainfed comdition, respectively. Results of this reaserch indicated, supplementary irrigation and foliar application of SA at the rate of 300 µmol/l could be recommendable to enhance plant growth and grain yield of peanut under similar climatic condition.
Madineh Bijani; Saeid Soufizadeh; Amir Hossein Shirani rad; Hamid Jabbari
Abstract
To investigate oilseed rape cultivars under Late-season drought stress, a split-plot experiment was conducted in a complete randomized blocks design with four replications for two cultivation years (2017–2019) in Karaj agricultural research station. Treatments included three drought stress (full ...
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To investigate oilseed rape cultivars under Late-season drought stress, a split-plot experiment was conducted in a complete randomized blocks design with four replications for two cultivation years (2017–2019) in Karaj agricultural research station. Treatments included three drought stress (full irrigation, withholding irrigation from the pod formation stage, and flowering stage) in main plots and five oilseed rape cultivars (Sarigol, RGS003, Hayola 401, Zafar, and Dalgan) in sub-plots. The results revealed that drought stress, especially from withholding irrigation from the flowering stage led to a significant decrease in 1000-seed weight, number of silique per plant, number of seeds per silique, seed yield, oil percentage, oil yield, Length of the growing duration, water use efficiency. Under full irrigation, The highest seed yield were obtained from Dalgan, Zafar, RGS003 and, Hayola 401 cultivars with 3959, 3886, 3776 and, 3650 kg. ha-1, respectively. In withholding irrigation from the silique formation stage, RGS003, Dalgan, and, Hayola 401 cultivars were superior with seed yield of 2841, 2812, and, 2716 kg.ha-1, respectively. Dalgan, RGS003, and Hayola 401 cultivars with the seed yield of 2357, 2276, and 2185 kg.ha-1in withholding irrigation from the flowering stage, also can be recommended as suitable cultivars in Karaj.
Roya Mousavi; Vida Chalavi; Kamran Ghasemi; Mehdi Hadadinejad
Abstract
To investigate the effect of nitroxin and vermicompost on the qualitative and functional characteristics of blackberry, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications in pots. The first factor was the percentage of vermicompost at five levels (0, 10, 20, ...
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To investigate the effect of nitroxin and vermicompost on the qualitative and functional characteristics of blackberry, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications in pots. The first factor was the percentage of vermicompost at five levels (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40) and the second factor was the level of inoculation and non-inoculation with nitroxin (Ni). The results showed that the treatments had a significant effect on the studied traits. The highest fruit weight, number of fruits, and yield was observed in 20% vermicompost. Maximum fruit length (1.62 cm) obtained in 10% vermicompost and nitroxin inoculation. The highest fruit diameter was obtained in 30% vermicompost. Also, in biochemical parameters, the application of 10% vermicompost produced the most soluble solids and flavor index. The highest amount of anthocyanin at 551 and 563 (mg/L fruit juice) was obtained respectably in 20 and 30% vermicompost treatments. Application of nitroxin along with vermicompost yielded 30% of the most vitamin C. In general, the results showed that the application of vermicompost at levels of 20 to 30% has the best effect on the quantitative and qualitative traits of blackberry and nitroxin can reduce the negative effect of high vermicompost and increase the effect of vermicompost on the blackberry plant.
somayeh tabari; Mehdi Hadadinejad; reza norooz
Abstract
In order to determine the chilling and heat requirements of blackberry (Rubus sp.) cultivars, three thorny (Tupy, Marion, Silvan) and two thornless (Merton and Red immature) cultivars after the onset of dormancy and after exposing the chilling requirement were collected of the Blackberries collection ...
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In order to determine the chilling and heat requirements of blackberry (Rubus sp.) cultivars, three thorny (Tupy, Marion, Silvan) and two thornless (Merton and Red immature) cultivars after the onset of dormancy and after exposing the chilling requirement were collected of the Blackberries collection from Sari Agricultural Sciences University (SANRU) and evaluated in a greenhouse via RCBD at three replication at 2019. Then the chilling and heat requirement models were calculated. Results showed differences in chilling requirements of thorny and thornless blackberry cultivars in field conditions. The highest percentage of the first bud burst related to thorny cultivar Silvan after 500 hours chilling. Marion and Tupy, and Red immature burst in 700 hours of chilling but Merton thornless burst after 900 hours. Also, the minimum day number for 50% bud burst in all cultivars was obtained in 700 hours of chilling. It should be noted that only thorny cultivars have reached full bloom and therefore are the most suitable cultivars for the development in eastern of south of Caspian Sea region. Thornless cultivars did not reach full bloom even after receiving 900 hours of chilling. The heat requirement required for 50% of buds to bloom varied from 6324 GDH in thornless Merton cultivar to 1116 GDH in Tupy cultivar. Using complementary treatments like as Hydrogen cyanamide to improve bud burst can be helpful. It is necessary to consider these results for the reproduction or off-season blackberry crop.
Babak Sepehri; Hami dreza tohidi Moghadam; Farshad Ghooshchi; Meysam Oveysi; Pourang Kasraie
Abstract
Periwinkle herb with the scientific name (Catharanthus roseus) is one of the most important medicinal plants in the world which in addition to haring leaves beautiful flowers and decorative application, it also has different applications in pharmaceutical industries cosmetics and hygienic. This plant, ...
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Periwinkle herb with the scientific name (Catharanthus roseus) is one of the most important medicinal plants in the world which in addition to haring leaves beautiful flowers and decorative application, it also has different applications in pharmaceutical industries cosmetics and hygienic. This plant, in its young leaves has very important alkaloids which called vinblastine and vincristine which has in chemotherapy of different type of cancers (leukemia, breast and lymph nodes) and its roots contain ajmalicine alkaloids that is used in treatment of hypotension. This research was for investigation of the effect of growth regulator and spraying of zinc and magnesium nanoparticles under the conditions of drought stresses on total alkaloids, anthocyanin, total chlorophyll, the weight of wet and dry branches contain alkaloids, and the number of lateral branches periwinkle herb (Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.DON) arranged as a factorial pot experiment based on a completely randomized design which took place in greenhouse condition during years 2020 and 2021 in Tehran, Iran. In the study of the effects of drought stress and spraying of zinc and magnesium nanoparticles on all investigated traits (total alkaloid, anthocyanin, total chlorophyll, fresh and dry weight of alkaloid-containing branches, and the number of lateral branches), there was a statistically significant difference in A level of 1% was observed (P≤0.01). But in the interactions effects of drought stresses and growth regulator showed the highest effect on wet branches contain alkaloids (P≤0.01).
zahra ajribzadeh; salim farzaneh; Mahmoud Shomili; Hamid Reza Balouchi; aziz Ker Mullah Chaab; Raouf Seyed Sharifi
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the effect of four types of binders at different levels: carboxymethylcellulose (40, 60 and 80 g/l), arabic gum (50, 100 and 150 g/l), tragacanth (30, 60 and 90 g/l) and starch (45, 60 and 75 g/l) as the first test and four types of nutrients with different levels: ...
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This study was performed to investigate the effect of four types of binders at different levels: carboxymethylcellulose (40, 60 and 80 g/l), arabic gum (50, 100 and 150 g/l), tragacanth (30, 60 and 90 g/l) and starch (45, 60 and 75 g/l) as the first test and four types of nutrients with different levels: humic acid (6, 9 and 12 g/l), filter cake ( 5, 10 and 15 g/kg), superabsorbent (10, 30 and 45 g/kg) and microcombi fertilizer (10, 20 and 30 g/kg) as the second experiment with control in a completely randomized design with 3 replications In 2020, in Khuzestan-Iran sugarcane research station. The results showed that the effect of four types of binder on sugarcane plant characteristics such as germination rate, stem length, stem dry weight and plant moisture content was significant and the most positive effect was observed in starch gum (60 g/l). Also, four nutrients had a significant effect on some characteristics such as germination rate, stem length, stem dry weight and plant moisture content. The most positive effect for characteristics was observed in humic acid (12 g/l). Due to the most positive effect of starch gum, in later studies, this glue can be used as a binder, along with other nutrients and fillers for planting lateral buds of sugarcane stems to produce artificial single-seeded sugarcane seeds.
maryam mansouri; Gholam Akbari; elias soltani; Fatemeh Benakashani
Abstract
This research was carried out in the form of split-split plotin the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications in the year 2021 in the Aburihan campus research farm located in Pakdasht. In this study, irrigation cycle in three levels (once every 7 days, once every 10 days and ...
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This research was carried out in the form of split-split plotin the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications in the year 2021 in the Aburihan campus research farm located in Pakdasht. In this study, irrigation cycle in three levels (once every 7 days, once every 10 days and once every 13 days) as the main factor, planting date in two levels (5 June and 22 June) as secondary factor and fertilizing with bio fertilizers In four level including control (without biofertilizer), Shift biofertilizer, Chris biofertilizer and the combination of Shift and Chris biofertilizers as sub-factors were considered. The results of the research showed that the plants cultivated on June 22 were superior to the plants cultivated on June 5 in all investigated traits (including yield components, seed yield, and biological yield) and in all three tested irrigation levels. The seed yield, under different research treatments, has shown a consistent correlation with the number and weight of seeds. In other words, with increasing levels of drought stress, the seed yield has significantly decreased in both planting dates under investigation. However, the ratio of seed yield reduction under drought stress was significantly lower in plants cultivated on June 22st compared to those cultivated on June 5th.The application of biofertilizers, especially Chris biofertilizer, significantly reduced the effects of stress on grain yield, biological yield, and oil percentage in seed Niger
Hamzeh Khanjani afshar; Mojtaba Jafarzadeh Kenarsari; Mehrdad Chaichi; amin farnia
Abstract
To investigate the effect of zinc and potassium application on some morphological traits and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under drought stress, a split-factorial layout based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates were carried out at the experimental farm of the Research, ...
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To investigate the effect of zinc and potassium application on some morphological traits and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under drought stress, a split-factorial layout based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates were carried out at the experimental farm of the Research, Education and Extension Center of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Hamadan during 2017-2018. The main plot included irrigation levels (normal and water stress) and the subplot included two factors of foliar application of potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) fertilizers. Potassium fertilizer from K2O source (40%) including 2 L/ha at three levels; I) without fertilizer (control sample), II) leaf spray at the beginning of booting, III) leaf spray after pollination, and zinc fertilizer from water-soluble zinc source (10%) including four liters per ha in three levels; I) without fertilizer (control sample), II) leaf spray at the beginning of booting, III) leaf spray was used after pollination. The results of the analysis of variance showed a significant difference between treatments in all studied traits. Significant differences in all of the traits were observed under stress and normal irrigation. Co-application of potassium and zinc fertilizers compared to the control increased grain yield (4.5%) and RWC (5.8%) evaluated morphological indices under stress conditions.To investigat
hossein pourhadian
Abstract
Background: The precise zoning of environmental factors in each region for agricultural activities, provides a very important guide for decision-making by managers and policymakers in the agricultural sector and farmers. Objective: This study was conducted to zoning arable lands in Lorestan province ...
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Background: The precise zoning of environmental factors in each region for agricultural activities, provides a very important guide for decision-making by managers and policymakers in the agricultural sector and farmers. Objective: This study was conducted to zoning arable lands in Lorestan province for summer(second) maize-forage cultivation using GIS and ANP-fuzzy methods in 2022.Research method: First, the raster layer of environmental factors affecting maize-forage cultivation including climatic factors(minimum, maximum and average temperature), topography(altitude and slope) and soil (pH, texture, potassium-available, phosphorus-available, organic matter and total nitrogen) prepared in GIS. Then, using fuzzy functions, the map of each factor was fuzzy and the weight of each factor was determined by ANP. The final layers were produced by combining the weighted layers, finally these layers were zoned into four highly suitable, suitable, marginally suitable and unsuitable layers. Results: The results showed that 96.35% of the study area was highly suitable formaize-forage cultivation and 3.65% was marginally. Except for a small part of the north and south of the agricultural lands of Lorestan province, the rest of the lands was suitable. Evaluation of fuzzy maps showed that highest fuzzy importance is related to climatic factors(0.63) and the least to soil factors(0.53). A separate evaluation of climatic, topographic and soil factors maps indicates that all factors except soil pH limit the cultivation of maize-forage in Lorestan province.Conclusion: The result of this study will provide a logical basis for planning the optimal use of agricultural land, management of maize-forage and increasing farmers' income.
eshagh pourkarami; Mahdi Dahmardeh; mohammad galavi; issa khmmari
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of intercropping of Roselle (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.) on the yield and yield components of peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) at different levels of nitrogen fertilizer in the form of split plots experiment in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications, ...
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In order to evaluate the effect of intercropping of Roselle (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.) on the yield and yield components of peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) at different levels of nitrogen fertilizer in the form of split plots experiment in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications, in The research farm of Zabol University was implemented in the crop year of 2013-2014.The experimental treatments include nitrogen fertilizer levels as the main plot (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg.ha-1) and replacement series of intercropping as the sub plot included (pure Roselle, pure peanut, 50% Roselle + 50% peanut, 75% Roselle + 25% peanuts, 75% peanuts + 25% Roselle). Based on the obtained results, different levels of nitrogen and intercropping showed a significant effect on the number of seeds per plant, the number of seeds per seed, the weight of one 1000 seeds, economic yield, biological yield and harvest index. The interaction effect of experimental treatments was significant on economic, biological yield and harvest index. The highest of economic yield of peanuts (5995.33 kg. ha-1) was obtained in sole crop of peanut and consumption of 200 kg. ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer. The results showed that the highest of land equivalent ration was obtained in intercropping of 75% of peanuts plus 25% of Roselle (1.73), which indicated the usefulness of intercropping compared to sole crop planting.
Hasan Neisi; Mohammad Rafieiolhossaini; Mahmoud Reza Tadayon; Sayed Reza Ahmadpour; Akbar Karimi
Abstract
Nitrogen is the most important nutritional element required by the rice plant, and a large part of it is lost in paddy fields through leaching, which can lead to environmental problems and reduce the efficiency of urea fertilizer use in rice cultivation. Therefore, the present experiment was conducted ...
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Nitrogen is the most important nutritional element required by the rice plant, and a large part of it is lost in paddy fields through leaching, which can lead to environmental problems and reduce the efficiency of urea fertilizer use in rice cultivation. Therefore, the present experiment was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of using different organic and chemical nitrogen fertilizers in order to reduce or solve this problem in 2021, in a split plot experiment based on a randomized complete blocks design with three replications was implemented.The main factor including humic acid, fulvic acid and application of nitrogen fertilizer (granular urea, sulfur coated urea, ammonium sulfate, urea and ammonium nitrate, combination of sulfur coated urea and granular urea, and control) were considered as secondary factors. Comparison of the average of simple effects showed that the highest yield of paddy was obtained with the application of humic acid, which increased by 19% compared to the control. The highest plant height and biological yield were obtained by applying sulfur coated urea or sulfur coated urea with granulated urea. The highest dry weight of the cluster per plant, a single plant dry weight and the number of fertile tillers in plant belonged to the application of sulfur coated urea or the co-application of sulfur coated urea with granular urea with humic acid application. Therefore the fertigation of humic acid can be useful in improving the growth of rice in rice-cultivated soils in Khuzestan.
Ashkan Jalilian; Ghorban Khodabin; MOJDEH SADAT Khayat Moghadam; Ehsan Zandi Esfahan; Fatemeh Amini; Nima Shahbazi; Mohammad Zargaran
Abstract
The use of nitrification inhibitor nitrapyrin is vital for the long-term maintenance of urea fertilizer in the soil and preventing its leaching. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the yield and physiological characteristics of different wheat cultivars under different levels of fertilization ...
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The use of nitrification inhibitor nitrapyrin is vital for the long-term maintenance of urea fertilizer in the soil and preventing its leaching. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the yield and physiological characteristics of different wheat cultivars under different levels of fertilization and tillage systems. This study was performed as a split-split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replicates in Karaj during two cropping seasons (2019-21). The experimental treatments included two tillage levels (no-tillage and conventional tillage) in the main plot and three fertilizer levels (urea, nitrapyrin + urea combination and control (main plot), and two cultivars (Rokshan and Pishgam) in the secondary plot. The results of the composite analysis showed that the highest yield of wheat grain was obtained in Rakhshan cultivar with 8331 kg/ha and the level of urea + nitrapyrin fertilizer was obtained in no-tillage, which was 6.15% superior to the level of urea. Also, in both tillage systems, the highest amount of leaf area index and nitrogen productivity index was obtained in the same treatment, so compared to the treatment of urea application, 6.1%, 2.7% in no-tillage and 0.8% and 1.3% in Cultivation was more common. In general, nitrapyrin improved wheat yield in both tillage levels. In addition to improving plant performance, the use of nitrapyrin can also be effective in reducing environmental hazards caused by the use of chemical fertilizers such as urea.
safiye arab; Mehdi Baradaran Firouzabadi; Ahmad Gholami; mostafa haydari
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of ellagic acid on the growth indices and leaf aging process in soybean, an experiment was conducted during the two years of 2018 and 2019 in the research farm of Shahrood University of Technology's Faculty of Agriculture. The experiment was carried out factorial in ...
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In order to investigate the effect of ellagic acid on the growth indices and leaf aging process in soybean, an experiment was conducted during the two years of 2018 and 2019 in the research farm of Shahrood University of Technology's Faculty of Agriculture. The experiment was carried out factorial in the form of a randomized complete block design in three replications. The experimental treatments include the initial seed quality at two levels (normal seeds and aged seeds) and the application of ellagic acid at four levels (control, priming, foliar spraying and combined application of priming and foliar spraying with a concentration of 50 mg/L). The results showed that accelerated aging decreased the amount of chlorophyll, carotenoid, plant height, leaf and stem dry weight, oil percentage and seed yield compared to the control. The use of ellagic acid in the form of priming, foliar spraying and their combination in this study increased the percentage of oil by 0.23, 0.24 and 0.29%, respectively, compared to the control. Priming, foliar spraying and the combined application of priming and foliar spraying with ellagic acid improved the grain yield by 23.59, 23.23 and 55.48%, respectively. The use of ellagic acid as seed priming and foliar spraying better than other levels. Finally, it is recommended to use this material as a priming to increase the percentage of oil and yield of soybean.
Faezeh Chehrehnoorani; Rahdari Parvaneh; Marefat Mostafavi Rad; Mahmoud Asadi; Shadi Kiabi
Abstract
Background and objectives: Zn deficiency is one of the most important factors for the low peanut yield and Ca application is vital to optimal peanut yield. To evaluate the foliar application of Ca and Zn fertilizers on seed and fatty acids composition of peanut (cv. NC2), this study was doen in Agicutural ...
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Background and objectives: Zn deficiency is one of the most important factors for the low peanut yield and Ca application is vital to optimal peanut yield. To evaluate the foliar application of Ca and Zn fertilizers on seed and fatty acids composition of peanut (cv. NC2), this study was doen in Agicutural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Guilan Province, Rasht, Iran during 2018 and 2019 cropping seasons.Materials and Methods: This experiment carried out as split plat based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Four level of Zn fertilizer sources including no zn application (as control), zn-chelated nano-fertilizer, Zn-EDTA, Zn sulphat as main plot and four levels of Ca fertilizer sources including Ca-chelated nano-fertilizer, Ca-EDTA, Ca-chloride and Ca-nitrate as sub polt, comprised experimental treatments.Results: Foliar spraying of fertilizers was down before flowering stage and then repeated by 30 days interval. The greatest seed yield (2790 kg/ha), biological yield (9303 kg/ha), seed oil content (52.3 percent), oil yield (1625 kg/ha), protein yield (673 kg/ha) and oleic unsatursted fatty acid (57.3 percent) obtained in response to simoltaneuos foliar application of Ca and Zn fertilizers and increased equal 29.8, 17.5, 13.4, 38.3, 24.4 and 19.2 percent in comparison to control treatment, respectively.Conclusion: Application of Zn-chelated and Ca-chelated nano-fertilizers as foliar spraying improved seed and oil yield of peanu under region condition. Hence, Zn-chelated and Ca-chelated nano-fertilizers could be recommendable in order to enhance quantitative and qualitative yield of peanut.
Masomeh Ganji; Serolah Galeshi; Hamid Jabbari; Forough Sanjarian; Benjamin Torabi
Abstract
Background: Water stress affects the crucial processes and yield of crops.Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of water stress on physiological and biochemical traits of safflower genotypes.Materials and methods: A factorial experiment was carried out as randomized complete block design ...
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Background: Water stress affects the crucial processes and yield of crops.Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of water stress on physiological and biochemical traits of safflower genotypes.Materials and methods: A factorial experiment was carried out as randomized complete block design in Seed and Plant Improvement Research Institute during 2017-19. The treatments included two irrigation levels (40 and 80% depletion of available water) and Parnian, Goldasht and Kazak genotypes. Plants were sown in soil columns with a height of 150 and a diameter of 23 cm, and irrigated by a drip system. Antioxidant enzymes, malondialdehyde, proline, relative water content, chlorophyll, seed yield and fatty acid composition were measured at the end. Results: Water stress significantly increased the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde in safflower genotypes which led to increased catalase and peroxidase enzyme activity by 1 and 2.5 U, respectively. The proline content increased about 16 times under water stress conditions. In contrast, the relative water content showed a significant decrease, which resulted in increased canopy temperature and decreased seed yield by 70%. The Kazak genotype had the lowest increase in canopy temperature under stress conditions and showed higher yield stability. Moreover, the fatty acid composition of seed oil changed and the amount of linoleic acid decreased by 1.8% under water stress conditions. Conclusion: The results showed that in addition to drought-related physiological traits, no increase in saturated/unsaturated fatty acid ratio is also an important indicator in screening superior genotypes for cultivation in water shortage.
tayebe rostami; hamid abbasdokht; hassan makarian; Manoochehr Gholipoor; khalil karimzadehasl
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effects of mycorrhiza and phosphorus fertilizer on morphophysiological traits and yield of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa willd) and maize (Zea mays. L) In an intercropping system using the replacement method. A complete randomized block design with three replications was implemented ...
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This study aimed to assess the effects of mycorrhiza and phosphorus fertilizer on morphophysiological traits and yield of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa willd) and maize (Zea mays. L) In an intercropping system using the replacement method. A complete randomized block design with three replications was implemented at two research farms affiliated with Shahrood University of Technology, located in Shahrood and Miami cities. The intercropping systems consisted of five planting ratios: pure quinoa cultivation, 75% quinoa + 25% corn, 50% quinoa + 50% corn, 25% quinoa + 75% corn, and pure corn. The first factor was combined with three levels of phosphorus treatment (zero, 50, and 100 kg/ha) as the second factor. Mycorrhiza application was considered as the third factor, with two levels: inoculated and control. The results demonstrated that the growth, yield, and yield components of both quinoa and maize were significantly influenced by the intercropping systems, mycorrhiza application, and phosphorus concentrations. The tallest plants were observed in maize (202.8 cm) and quinoa (81.3 cm) when mycorrhiza was combined with a phosphorus concentration of 50 kg/ha. Similarly, the highest leaf area index values were recorded in quinoa (86.2) and corn (6.57) under the same treatment. Notably, quinoa (2.88 mg/ml) and maize (12.39 mg/ml) exhibited the highest chlorophyll content when mycorrhiza was applied in conjunction with a phosphorus concentration of 50 kg/ha in the Shahrood region. These findings emphasize the significant influence of different intercropping systems, mycorrhiza application, and phosphorus concentrations on the growth, yield, and physiological characteristics of quinoa and maize.
hamzeh mirzaie; Farid Shekari; reza fotovat; mohammad amir delavar
Abstract
Investigating the effect of various sources of sulfurous compounds along with the inoculation of Thiobacillus bacteria on corn plants under stress conditions of lead and zinc metals, Factorial experiment of randomized complete blocks design was carried out in the Agricultural Research Greenhouse of Zanjan ...
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Investigating the effect of various sources of sulfurous compounds along with the inoculation of Thiobacillus bacteria on corn plants under stress conditions of lead and zinc metals, Factorial experiment of randomized complete blocks design was carried out in the Agricultural Research Greenhouse of Zanjan University in 2021. The treatments include elemental sulfur (0.75, 1.25 and 2 g/kg soil), sulfur with thiobacillus bacteria(biosulfur) (1, 2 and 3 g/kg soil) and potassium sulfate (0.5, 1 and 1.5 g/kg soil). The results showed traits were significant in the vegetative growth stage in all applied treatments. The treatments increased the amount of chlorophyll, enzymes compared to the control. Then decreased the leaf temperature, Increasing the length of leaf cells. also, it increases the leaf area and leaf production rate in plants. This increase was higher in sulfur treatment with bacteria. But the treatments of 2 grams of elemental sulfur and 1.5 grams of potassium sulfate caused stress in the plant and reduced the amount of traits compared to the control. Also, the plants in contaminated soil were stressed and the amount of the mentioned traits also decreased. However, with the application of treatments, the amount of carotenoid, total protein and peroxidase traits increased, which reduced the stress in plants and increased the amount of traits and growth indicators compared to control in contaminated soil. Sulfur treatment with bacteria, compared to other applied treatments, by activating the enzymatic and non-enzymatic defense system of the plant, causes the plant to tolerate stress and improve plant growth.
Basir Samadi Firozabad; mahdi ghiyasi; Reza Amirnia
Abstract
The present study was designed as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized block design (RCBD) at the research farm of the Central Station of Agricultural Research and Education Center of Tehran Province. The study aimed to investigate the effects of foliar application in the form of seven treatments ...
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The present study was designed as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized block design (RCBD) at the research farm of the Central Station of Agricultural Research and Education Center of Tehran Province. The study aimed to investigate the effects of foliar application in the form of seven treatments on the quantitative and qualitative performance and yield of the Goldasht safflower cultivar. The seven treatments included no spraying (control), spraying with normal and nano zinc, spraying with normal and nano iron, spraying with normal and nano manganese, and seed priming at three levels of non-priming (control), osmo-priming, and hydro-priming. The results showed that osmo-priming, followed by spraying with nano zinc and then with nano iron, had the most significant effect on increasing all the investigated traits, including yield components, seed yield, and oil percentage in safflower. Additionally, hydro-priming with nano zinc spraying could increase the thousand-seed weight, which is an essential yield component in safflower, to the highest statistical level. Thus, the study suggests that seed priming of safflower with foliar application of micronutrients, especially nano zinc and iron, can be recommended as a promising method for enhancing the quantitative and qualitative performance and yield of safflower seed and oil in similar weather conditions.
Esmaeil Gholinezhad; Bakhtiar Lalehgani; Shahryar Kazemi
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of polyamines on antioxidant activity and biochemical traits of Camelina under salinity stress conditions, a pot (as poen air) experiment was conducted at Payame Noor University (PNU), Iran in March 2022 as factorial layout based on a completely randomized design with ...
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In order to investigate the effect of polyamines on antioxidant activity and biochemical traits of Camelina under salinity stress conditions, a pot (as poen air) experiment was conducted at Payame Noor University (PNU), Iran in March 2022 as factorial layout based on a completely randomized design with 12 treatments and 3 repetitions. The salinity treatment was at three salinity levels (0, 15 and 30 dS/m) and 4 foliar spraying levels including 1- spermine (2 mM), 2- spermidine (2 mM), 3- putrescine (2 mM) and control (pure water foliar spraying). The results showed that with the increasing salinity stress, oil and protein contents and dry seed weight, chlorophyll index, shoot organic and mineral percentage decreased, but protein percentage, shoot ash percentage, soluble sugars, antioxidant activity and ion leakage percentage increased significantly. Salinity stress of 30 and 15 ds/m compared to the control, reduced the chlorophyll index (32 and 15 percent) and mineral percentage (19 and 3 percent), oil percentage (17 and 9 percent), dry oil weight in pot (62 and 21 percent) and dry seed weight (52 and 10 percent), but protein percentage (9 and 3 percent), ash percentage (33 and 30 percent), soluble sugars (32 and 20 percent) and antioxidant activity (21 and 13 percent) increased, respectively. Also, foliar spraying with polyamines increased the above traits, but decreased the percentage of ion leakage. Therefore, in order to decreasing the effects of salinity stress and increasing the dry seed and oil weights in pot, spraying with polyamines, especially spermine, is suggested.
Farzad Fardin; Behzad Sani; payam moaveni; Gholam Reza AfsharManesh; hamid mozaffari
Abstract
This experiment was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of water deficit irrigation on the agronomic characteristics of fodder sorghum cultivars in Kerman province. This experiment was carried out as a strip split-plot in a complete randomized block design with four replications in a research farm ...
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This experiment was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of water deficit irrigation on the agronomic characteristics of fodder sorghum cultivars in Kerman province. This experiment was carried out as a strip split-plot in a complete randomized block design with four replications in a research farm of agricultural research center of Jirof and Kahnooj, Kerman province, in 2019 and 2020. Drought stress as a vertical factor in four levels including without stress (irrigation after 80 mm evaporation from evaporation pan) as control, mild stress (irrigation after 110 mm evaporation from the evaporation pan), medium (irrigation after 140 mm evaporation) and sever (irrigation after 180 mm evaporation) and four sorghum cultivars including Spidfeed, Sugar graze, Jumbo and Pegah as a horizontal factor. The highest yield of fresh forage yield under non-stressed conditions (control) was observed in Spidfeed and Pegah (121.60 and 118.79 ton.ha-1, respectively). Also, Spidfeed and Pegah had the highest dry forage yield under non-stressed conditions (control) as 22.50 and 20.69 ton.ha-1, respectively. Also, the highest yield of dry forage in mild drought stress was observed in Pegah and Speedfeed varieties (15.30 and 14.88 ton.ha-1, respectively) and under medium drought stress in Pegah (11.12 ton.ha-1), whereas Spidfeed variety was superior to others for dry forage yield (7.42 ton.ha-1), in severe drought stress. Based on MP and STI indices, Spidfeed and Pegah cultivars with higher average of dry fodder yield were selected as the most suitable genotypes under drought stress conditions in Jiroft region of Kerman province.
Mahtab Noori; Farangis Ghanavati; Gholam Reza Bakhshi khaniki; Hamid Sobhanian; Hamid Reza Fanay
Abstract
Objective: In order to investigate the effect of irrigation intervals, 15 selected Okra genotypes from the National Gene Bank of Iran were cultivated and evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the 2020-2021 crop year in the experimental research farm of the Seedling ...
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Objective: In order to investigate the effect of irrigation intervals, 15 selected Okra genotypes from the National Gene Bank of Iran were cultivated and evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the 2020-2021 crop year in the experimental research farm of the Seedling and Seed Breeding Research Institute in Karaj (Seed and Plant Improvement Institute).Methods: After the plants entered the three-leaf stage, irrigation was done once every 5 and 10 days.Results: The results of the analysis of variance showed that the effect of drought stress on all measured traits, including plant height, fruit yield, biological yield, number of ripe fruits, weight of ripe fruit, diameter of ripe fruit, number of seeds per ripe fruit, 1000-seed weight, sugar, and protein content, was statistically significant. Under drought-stress conditions, the mean of all evaluated traits (except soluble sugars) was reduced. The highest fruit yield (12.06 tons per hectare) belonged to genotype 10, which decreased by 37.5% compared to the non-stress conditions of this genotype. Genotypes 1 and 12 had the least change in protein content, genotypes 4 and 6 had the least change in sugar content, and genotypes 9 and 11 had the least change in biological function. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained from this experiment, the best genotype in terms of fruit yield was genotype 10, and in terms of biological function, genotypes 9 and 11 were recommended for use in areas with water shortages.
Mehdi Joudi
Abstract
The time and duration of developmental stages (phonological events) are important in grain yield determination of wheat. The aim of this research was to study the ratio of post- to pre-anthesis duration in wheat plant and to investigate its possible association with grain yield.Eighty-one wheat cultivars ...
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The time and duration of developmental stages (phonological events) are important in grain yield determination of wheat. The aim of this research was to study the ratio of post- to pre-anthesis duration in wheat plant and to investigate its possible association with grain yield.Eighty-one wheat cultivars were grown at research farm of Moghan College of Agriculture and Natural Resources-University of Mohaghegh Ardabili under well-watered conditions during 2010-2011 growing season. The dates of anthesis, and physiological maturity were recorded. Grain filling period (GFP) was recorded as the period from anthesis to physiological maturity. With the objective of including temperature effects on the lengths of growth phases, all developmental stages were expressed in the form of growing degree days (GDD). The ratio of post to pre anthesis duration was calculated as the amount of GDD from anthesis to maturity (GFP) divided by the amount of GDD from sowing to anthesis. Results showed that examined cultivars had significantly differences with respect to grain yield where this trait range from 293 to 746 gram per square meter. Crossed Alborz, Akbari, and Naz were the most productive cultivars whereas Shahpasand, Omid, and Sardari performed visa versa. Close association (r=0.79, P < 0.01) was found between grain yield and biological yield. In addition, grain yield correlated significantly and positively with grain number per square meter (r=0.74, P < 0.01) and with thousand-grain weight (r=0.42, P < 0.01). Large variations were found among tested cultivars with respect to thermal time from sowing to anthesis.
Raheleh Arab; Alireza Yadavi; Hamidreza Balouchi; Hamid Alahdadii
Abstract
Objective: This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of drought stress and foliar application of Fe and Zn on agronomical characteristics of sunflowerMethods: a farm experiment was carried out in the Fars agricultural research center in the split plots form base on a randomized complete ...
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Objective: This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of drought stress and foliar application of Fe and Zn on agronomical characteristics of sunflowerMethods: a farm experiment was carried out in the Fars agricultural research center in the split plots form base on a randomized complete block design with three replications during 2014. Irrigation at three levels (irrigation after 60, 120, and 180 mm of evaporation from A class evaporation pan) as the main plots and foliar application at four levels (water, iron sulfate, zinc sulfate, and iron sulfate+ zinc sulfate) were used as sub-plots.Results: The results showed that the delay in irrigation from 60 to 180 mm of evaporation caused a decrease in the number of seeds per head, grain yield and biological yield by 24.8%, 37.5% and 30%, respectively. The foliar application of iron sulfate + zinc sulfate compared to the control treatment increased the number of seeds per head, 1000-seed weight and grain yield by 24.1%, 16.6 percent and 14.3 percent, respectively. The delay in irrigation, increased the water use efficiency by 50.9%. The interaction between irrigation and foliar application had a significant effect on leaf and grain iron concentration and leaf zinc concentration, so that with delay in irrigation, absorption of nutrients decreased, but foliar application under drought stress conditions increased iron and zinc absorption in sunflowerConclusion: According to these results, it can be stated that with micronutrient foliar spraying, the severe drop in sunflower yield can be prevented under drought stress conditions
Hossin Shamsi Mahmodabadi; Vahdat Barkhordari; Esmaiel Moghboli Damaneh
Abstract
this study was to investigate the effect of different deficit-irrigation methods on forage yield, quality and water use efficiency of alfalfa under different water applications in agricultural research center of Jiroft provinceThe field experiment was carried out in split plot in a randomized complete ...
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this study was to investigate the effect of different deficit-irrigation methods on forage yield, quality and water use efficiency of alfalfa under different water applications in agricultural research center of Jiroft provinceThe field experiment was carried out in split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications for two years in agricultural research center of Jiroft. Experimental treatments include three types of irrigation systems (Flooding Irrigation (FI), Subsurface tap irrigation (STI), and subsurface drip irrigation (SDI)) and Four levels of irrigation (I100: replenishment of 100 Percent of plant water requirements, I90: replenishment of 90 Percent of plant requirements, I80: replenishment of 80 Percent of plant water requirements, and I70: replenishment of 70 Percent of plant water requirements). The results showed the level of irrigation70 Percent of plant water requirements decreased NDF, CP (31 Percent) and dry forage yield. Irrigation methods and drought stress have resulted in a significant reduction in fresh forage yield, water use efficiency, ASH. The highest fresh forage yield, ASH were obtained by 100 Percent of plant water requirements× Subsurface tap irrigation (STI). The highest Fresh forage yield water use efficiency obtained by 70 percent of plant water requirements × Subsurface drip tap irrigation (STI).In the conditions of drought and low irrigation levels To achieve higher water use efficiency, suggested to use subsurface drip irrigation method.
Ayoub Jafari; MohammadReza Bihamta; Masoumeh Moghbel; Saeid Soufizadeh; Saeed Bazgeer; Mostafa Karimi
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of planting date on the morphological traits, growth indices and seed corn yield of three seed corn varieties, an experiment was carried out in 2019 in Karaj city in the form of once-shredded plots in the form of blocks. Complete randomization was done with four replications. ...
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In order to evaluate the effect of planting date on the morphological traits, growth indices and seed corn yield of three seed corn varieties, an experiment was carried out in 2019 in Karaj city in the form of once-shredded plots in the form of blocks. Complete randomization was done with four replications. In this experiment, planting date in 3 levels (May 24, June 21, and July 18) was considered the main factor and variety (early KSC400, medium-early KSC647, and late KSC704) was a secondary factor. The results showed that in the studied area, the highest yield is related to the second planting date (11.98 tons per hectare), the third planting date (11.56 tons per hectare) and the first planting date (11.18 tons per hectare). Also, the third (129/66), second (122/33) and first planting date (133/33) had the longest period of physiological processing, respectively. Also, KSC704 had the highest plant height (267/78) and stem diameter (24/67) and KSC647 had the highest number of leaves (19/38). In addition, the maximum leaf area, the growth rate of the product in the flowering stage is related to the cultivar KSC704 on the second and third planting date, respectively, and the maximum relative growth rate and the net absorption rate in the first vegetative stages are related to the cultivar KSC704 on the third planting date and the second planting date. Overall, the second planting date and KSC704 variety are suggested as the suitable date and variety for Karaj city.
Kosar Asadzadeh; Habiballah Nadian Ghomsheh; Vahid Keshavarz-Tohid; Abdolreza Siahpoosh
Abstract
In order to investigate the changes of chlorophyll pigments and growth components in spinach plant treated with Pseudomonads isolates as plant growth promoter and filter cake, under the stress of metribuzin herbicide, an experiment was inducted in factorial form in completely randomized blocks in the ...
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In order to investigate the changes of chlorophyll pigments and growth components in spinach plant treated with Pseudomonads isolates as plant growth promoter and filter cake, under the stress of metribuzin herbicide, an experiment was inducted in factorial form in completely randomized blocks in the greenhouse of the Department of Soil Science, Agricultural Sciences and the Natural Resources University of Khuzestan in 2018-2019. In this study, Pseudomonas alloputida RUM14 and P. protegens CHA0were used as PGPR isolates and filter cake was utilized as organic fertilizer. Statistical analysis showed that the treatment of spinach plants with Pseudomonas alloputida RUM14 and P. protegens CHA0 and filter cake significantly increases chlorophyll a (respectively 47, 21, 29%) and b pigments (42, 20, 18%) and carotenoids (96, 33 and 84%) and also increase dry weight of root (respectively 59, 30, 45%), length of root (108, 51, 53%), dry weight of stem (56, 49, 13%) and the stem length (31, 19, 14%). Statistical analysis clarified that the use of metribuzin herbicide at the rate of 100 gerams per hectare dramatically reduces the amount of photosynthetic pigments and growth components. However the use of growth-promoting rhizobacter and filter cake effectively decrease the damage. The results of this investigation for the first time clarified that the use of Pseudomonads plant growth promoting rhizobacter and/or filer cake, significantly increase photosynthetic pigments and growth components of spinach plant. Also, the mentioned
ahmad koochekzadeh; Abdolreza Siahpoosh; Mohammad Reza Moradi Telavat; maryam shafiee
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid and mycorrhizal in reducing salinity damage on the quantitative and qualitative yield of marigold a factorial pot experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design . This experiment was carried out with four replications in the Poldokhtar ...
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In order to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid and mycorrhizal in reducing salinity damage on the quantitative and qualitative yield of marigold a factorial pot experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design . This experiment was carried out with four replications in the Poldokhtar Payam Noor University in 2015. Experimental factors including salinity in 5 levels (Poldokhtar drinking water with electrical conductivity of 0.7 dS.m-1 is control), 2, 4, 6 and 8 dS.m-1, 4 levels of salicylic acid 0, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 mM and mycorrhiza was inoculated and no inoculated. The results showed that salinity reduced all the measured traits but only increased the antioxidant property. Consumption of Salicylic acid and mycorrhiza improved all the traits in salinity . The highest amount of chlorophyll a and b were in 0.7 dS-1 salinity and application of 0.6 mM salicylic acid with 0.115 and 0.207 mg.kg-1 fw, respectively which was significant with other treatments in 5%. Petal carotenoid was in 0.7 dS-1 salinity and application of 0.9 mM salicylic acid with 7.71 mg.kg-1 fw which was 15% higher than the same salinity and without using salicylic acid. The maximum of fresh weight of inflorescence content as economical yield with 12.56 gr.pot-1 was observed at 0.7 dS-1 salinity, 0.9 mM salicylic acid and mycorrhizal inoculation. Mycorrhiza increased 28 percent antioxidant properties and 21 percent colonization compared to the control treatment. Mycorrhiza by absorbing more water and nutrients in salinity improve the growing conditions of the plant and increase the yield.
Nasrin Teimoori; Mokhtar Ghobadi; Danial Kahrizi
Abstract
More than half of arable lands in Iran is cultivated as dryland. However, there is not any suitable oilseed crop for dryland conditions. Camelina oilseed crop, with low water requirement, can be cultivated in drylands. The research aimed was to investigate the effect of silicon foliar spraying in increasing ...
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More than half of arable lands in Iran is cultivated as dryland. However, there is not any suitable oilseed crop for dryland conditions. Camelina oilseed crop, with low water requirement, can be cultivated in drylands. The research aimed was to investigate the effect of silicon foliar spraying in increasing drought tolerance in camelina. The experiment was conducted as a factorial based on a randomized complete blocks design with three replications in pot. The treatments were two camelina genotypes (Sohail cultivar and line-84), drought treatment (two levels without and with drought stress) and foliar spraying of sodium silicate (five levels 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 mM). The results showed that the drought stress decreased grain yield, yield components and morphological traits of both camelina genotypes. Drought stress reduced grain weight per plant in Sohail cultivar and Line-84 about 27 and 39%, respectively. The foliar application of silicon was effective to increasing yield and yield components. On average, foliar spraying of silicon 6 mM compared to the control treatment caused an increase in the traits of grain weight per plant (13.04%), harvest index (12.1%), and the number of siliques per plant (7%). In the correlation analysis, it was found that among the grain yield components, the highest positive correlation coefficient with the grain weight per plant belonged to the number of siliques per plant (0.941). Generally, it seems that the foliar application of silicon 6 mM can be effective in increasing drought tolerance in camelina.
Hakimeh Oloumi; Ali Zamani; Hosein Mozaffari; Soudabeh Nourzad
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effect of melatonin treatment on the tolerance of basil plants to the excess of mineral elements copper (50 and 150 μM) and zinc (50 and 100 μM) in the form of a completely randomized design with 3 factorial replications and in greenhouse conditions. ...
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The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effect of melatonin treatment on the tolerance of basil plants to the excess of mineral elements copper (50 and 150 μM) and zinc (50 and 100 μM) in the form of a completely randomized design with 3 factorial replications and in greenhouse conditions. Done. The studied traits included the content of photosynthetic pigments, total protein content, soluble sugar content, membrane stability index, relative leaf water content, soluble sugars and glutathione. Based on the results, the use of melatonin in basil plant separately and combined with copper and zinc led to the improvement of physiological indicators (membrane stability index and relative leaf water content) compared to the conditions without the presence of melatonin. Melatonin in basil plant by improving biochemical and antioxidant indicators, including the amount of protein (34%), soluble sugars (26%), anthocyanin, flavonoid (7.7%) and glutathione (14%), increases the plant's resistance to the tension of copper and zinc metals. In general, the findings showed that melatonin in the basil plant treated with copper and zinc can improve physiological characteristics, especially membrane stability, as well as flavonoid compounds, anthocyanin and glutathione; to reduce the negative effects caused by the excess of copper and zinc metals on growth parameters.
َAzam Sadat Yousefi; Mohammad Ali Bahmanyar; Bahi Jalili; Mahdy Ghajar
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of using organic and mineral resources containing silicon on the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and silicon in two varieties of rice (Tarem Hashemi and Shiroudi), an experiment was conducted in the form of chopped plots with three replications in the ...
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In order to investigate the effect of using organic and mineral resources containing silicon on the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and silicon in two varieties of rice (Tarem Hashemi and Shiroudi), an experiment was conducted in the form of chopped plots with three replications in the crop year 2019 and all stages An experiment was conducted in the laboratory of Sari Agricultural University. The main factor was the variety of rice and the secondary factor was the type and amounts of silicon sources in fertilizer treatments (rice straw and stubble, rice straw and stubble biochar, potassium silicate, silicon mineral fertilizer and silicon liquid fertilizer). The results showed that the simple effect of variety and different sources of silicon on the concentration of silicon in the flag leaf was significant at the level of five percent and in the biomass and rice grain at the level of one percent. The average concentration of nutrients in the aerial parts of Tarem variety was more than that of Shiroudi variety, and different sources of silicon were able to improve the concentration of elements as follows; Nitrogen: flag leaf 12%, biomass 55% and seed 50%, phosphorus: flag leaf 100%, biomass 60% and seed 87%, potassium: flag leaf 20%, biomass 15% and seed 50% and silicon: flag leaf 70%, biomass 16% and seed 20%. the application of all silicate treatments compared to the control treatment and basic fertilizer increased the concentration of silicon and commonly used elements in the aerial parts of the plant.
Masoumeh Makvandi; AbdolMahdi Bakhshandeh; Ali Moshatati; Mohammad Moradi Telavat; Aydin Khodaei joghan
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of combined use of nitrogen fertilizer with sugarcane residues compost and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on the quality and yield of wheat under terminal heat stress in Ahwaz, a split split plots experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications ...
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In order to evaluate the effect of combined use of nitrogen fertilizer with sugarcane residues compost and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on the quality and yield of wheat under terminal heat stress in Ahwaz, a split split plots experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications were carried out during 2022-2023 in research farm of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan. The experimental factors include three sowing dates: 22 November, 11 December and 31 December in main plots; six combined of nitrogen with compost include control, 100% nitrogen, 75% nitrogen+ 25% compost, 50% nitrogen+ 50% compost, 25% nitrogen+ 75% compost and 100% compost in sub-plots and two levels of use and non-use of bacteria in sub plots. Variance analysis showed that the effect of planting date, combined use of nitrogen with compost and growth-stimulating bacteria on the examined traits was significant. Variance analysis showed that the effect of Sowing date and the combined use of nitrogen with compost and growth-promoting bacteria were significant on all measured traits. Average comparison showed that combined use of 50% nitrogen + 50% compost with bacterial application increased the characteristics of Grain filling duration and Grain filling rate, Grain protein percentage and wet gluten. Also, the highest seed yield (5864 kg/ha) was obtained on the first planting date and combined consumption of 50% nitrogen + 50% compost and the lowest amount (1115 kg/ha) was obtained on the third planting date and the control treatment.
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