نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

گروه علوم گیاهی و گیاهان دارویی- دانشکده کشاورزی مشگین شهر - دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی-اردبیل-ایران

چکیده

هدف تحقیق حاضر بدست آوردن نسبت طول دوره بعد از گرده‌افشانی به قبل از گرده‌افشانی و نحوه ارتباط آن با عملکرد دانه در گندم بود. تعداد 81 رقم گندم در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مغان تحت شرایط فاریاب در سال زراعی 90-1389 مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد مقدار درجه روز رشد کاشت- گرده‌افشانی بین 1584-1287، کاشت- رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک بین 2265-2076 و گرده‌افشانی تا رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک بین 847-644 درجه سانتیگراد متغیر بود. میانگین ارقام نشان داد از کل درجه روز رشد تجمع یافته، 65 درصد در فاصله کاشت تا گرده افشانی و 35 درصد در فاصله گرده افشانی تا رسیدگی تجمع یافته است. به عبارتی دیگر نسبت طول دوره بعد به قبل از گرده‌افشانی 54/0 بود. زمانی که ارقام گندم بصورت جداگانه بررسی گردید، مشخص شد که نسبت طول دوره بعد به قبل از گرده‌افشانی بین 43/0 تا 63/0 متغیر می‌باشد. اثر زمان گرده‌افشانی در تغییرات نسبت مذکور به مراتب بیشتر از اثر زمان رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک بود. بررسی رگرسیونی بین نسبت طول دوره بعد به قبل از گرده‌افشانی و عملکرد دانه نشان داد که ارتباط دو صفت مذکور به صورت تابع درجه دوم می‌باشد. بطوریکه افزایش نسبت طول دوره بعد به قبل از گرده‌افشانی تا 57/0 باعث افزایش عملکرد دانه شد. در نسبت‌های بین 61/0-57/0 عملکرد دانه ثابت و در نسبت‌های بالاتر از 61/0، عملکرد دانه کاهش یافت. این امر نشان می‌دهد که باید یک تعادلی بین طول دوره بعد و قبل از گرده‌افشانی در گندم وجود داشته باشد تا حداکثر عملکرد دانه حاصل شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Wheat yield response to growing degree days of post/pre anthesis

نویسنده [English]

  • Mehdi Joudi

Department of Plant Science and Medicinal Herbs- Meshgin-Shahr Faculty of Agriculture- University of Mohaghegh Ardabili-Ardabil-Iran

چکیده [English]

The time and duration of developmental stages (phonological events) are important in grain yield determination of wheat. The aim of this research was to study the ratio of post- to pre-anthesis duration in wheat plant and to investigate its possible association with grain yield.

Eighty-one wheat cultivars were grown at research farm of Moghan College of Agriculture and Natural Resources-University of Mohaghegh Ardabili under well-watered conditions during 2010-2011 growing season. The dates of anthesis, and physiological maturity were recorded. Grain filling period (GFP) was recorded as the period from anthesis to physiological maturity. With the objective of including temperature effects on the lengths of growth phases, all developmental stages were expressed in the form of growing degree days (GDD). The ratio of post to pre anthesis duration was calculated as the amount of GDD from anthesis to maturity (GFP) divided by the amount of GDD from sowing to anthesis.

Results showed that examined cultivars had significantly differences with respect to grain yield where this trait range from 293 to 746 gram per square meter. Crossed Alborz, Akbari, and Naz were the most productive cultivars whereas Shahpasand, Omid, and Sardari performed visa versa. Close association (r=0.79, P < 0.01) was found between grain yield and biological yield. In addition, grain yield correlated significantly and positively with grain number per square meter (r=0.74, P < 0.01) and with thousand-grain weight (r=0.42, P < 0.01). Large variations were found among tested cultivars with respect to thermal time from sowing to anthesis.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Grain yield
  • physiologic maturity
  • ratio of post- to pre-anthesis duration
  • wheat
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