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بررسی عملکرد و خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک ارقام گندم تحت تأثیر کاربرد نیتراپایرین در شرایط خاک‌ورزی متفاوت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری اکولوژی گیاه زراعی، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران

2 دانش‌آموخته دکتری فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

3 دانش آموخته دکتری فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، ایران.

4 دانشیار مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

5 دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد شهر قدس

6 دانشجوی دکتری اکولوژی گیاه زراعی، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی

7 دانشجوی دکتری اکولوژی گیاه زراعی، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

کاربرد مهارکننده نیتریفیکاسیون نیتراپایرین به جهت حفظ و نگهداری طولانی‌مدت کود اوره در خاک و جلوگیری از آبشویی آن حیاتی است. از این رو این مطالعه باهدف بررسی عملکرد و خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک ارقام گندم در شرایط کاربرد سطوح مختلف کودی و خاک‌ورزی اجرا شد. این پژوهش به‌صورت کرت خردشده فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در منطقه کرج طی دو سال زراعی (از 1398 تا 1400) اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل دو سطح خاک‌ورزی (بی‌خاکورزی و خاک‌ورزی مرسوم) در کرت اصلی و سه سطح کودی (اوره، ترکیب نیتراپایرین + اوره و شاهد (کرت اصلی) و دو رقم (رخشان و پیشگام) در کرت فرعی بود. نتایج تجزیه مرکب نشان داد بالاترین عملکرد دانه گندم در رقم رخشان با 8331 کیلوگرم در هکتار و سطح کودی اوره+نیتراپایرین در بی خاک‌ورزی به دست آمد که نسبت به کاربرد اوره 15/6 درصد برتری داشت. همچنین در هر دو سیستم خاک‌ورزی بیش‌ترین میزان شاخص سطح برگ و شاخص بهره‌وری نیتروژن نیز در همین تیمار به دست آمد به‌طوری‌که در مقایسه با تیمار کاربرد اوره به‌ترتیب 1/6، 7/2 درصد در بی‌خاک‌ورزی و 8/0 و 3/1 درصد در خاک‌ورزی مرسوم بیش‌تر بود. به‌طورکلی می‌توان گفت کاربرد نیتراپایرین باعث بهبود عملکرد گندم در هر دو سطح خاک‌ورزی شد. کاربرد نیتراپایرین علاوه بر بهبود عملکرد گیاه می‌تواند در کاهش مخاطرات زیست‌محیطی ناشی از مصرف کودهای شیمیایی همچون اوره نیز مؤثر باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the performance and physiological characteristics of wheat cultivars under the influence of nitrapyrin application in different tillage conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ashkan Jalilian 1
  • Ghorban Khodabin 2
  • MOJDEH SADAT Khayat Moghadam 3
  • Ehsan Zandi Esfahan 4
  • Fatemeh Amini 5
  • Nima Shahbazi 6
  • Mohammad Zargaran 7

1 Ph.D. of crop ecology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

2 Ph.D. of crop physiology, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

3 Former Ph.D. Student, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Iran.

4 Associate Professor, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.

5 . Ph.D. candidate of agronomy, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Science, Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Iran

6 Ph.D. candidate of crop ecology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

7 Ph.D. candidate of crop ecology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

چکیده [English]

The use of nitrification inhibitor nitrapyrin is vital for the long-term maintenance of urea fertilizer in the soil and preventing its leaching. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the yield and physiological characteristics of different wheat cultivars under different levels of fertilization and tillage systems. This study was performed as a split-split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replicates in Karaj during two cropping seasons (2019-21). The experimental treatments included two tillage levels (no-tillage and conventional tillage) in the main plot and three fertilizer levels (urea, nitrapyrin + urea combination and control (main plot), and two cultivars (Rokshan and Pishgam) in the secondary plot. The results of the composite analysis showed that the highest yield of wheat grain was obtained in Rakhshan cultivar with 8331 kg/ha and the level of urea + nitrapyrin fertilizer was obtained in no-tillage, which was 6.15% superior to the level of urea. Also, in both tillage systems, the highest amount of leaf area index and nitrogen productivity index was obtained in the same treatment, so compared to the treatment of urea application, 6.1%, 2.7% in no-tillage and 0.8% and 1.3% in Cultivation was more common. In general, nitrapyrin improved wheat yield in both tillage levels. In addition to improving plant performance, the use of nitrapyrin can also be effective in reducing environmental hazards caused by the use of chemical fertilizers such as urea.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Nitrate
  • Nitrification
  • Photosynthesis
  • Tillage
  • Wheat
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به زراعی کشاورزی
دوره 25، شماره 4
دی 1402
صفحه 951-964
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