نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران. رایانامه: m.heydari4066@znu.ac.ir

2 نویسنده مسئول، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی همدان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، همدان، ایران. رایانامه: m.chaichi@areeo.ac.ir

چکیده

هدف: پیش‌تیمار بذر ساده ­ترین و در عین حال بهترین روش برای افزایش سرعت جوانه­ زنی بذرهاست.
روش پژوهش: بر این اساس مطالعه ­ای با هدف تأثیر پیش ­تیمار بذرهای ارقام مختلف جو (Hordeum vulgare L.) بر شاخص­های مختلف سبزشدن به‌صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در چهار تکرار در گلخانه تحقیقاتی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان همدان در سال 1401 اجرا گردید. تیمارها شامل پیش ­تیمار بذر با کودهای 1- کود مایع ویژه بذر مال بیوزر، 2- سیفول آمینو زینک، 3- سبزینه، 4- کود بذرمال رویش، 5- اکوبوستر و 6- شاهد (عدم کاربرد کود) به‌عنوان فاکتور اول و ارقام مختلف جو آبی (جلگه، بهمن و آذران) و دیم (آبیدر، قافلان و سهند) به‌عنوان فاکتور دوم بود.
یافته‌ها: نتایج حاکی از تأثیر معنی­ دار پیش­ تیمار بذرها بر شاخص­ های مورد ارزیابی در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد بود. بیش‌ترین فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز (Unit/ml 117/0) و پراکسیداز (Unit/ml 08/85) در گیاهچه ­های حاصل از بذرهای پیش ­تیمار شده با سیفول آمینوزینک به‌دست آمد که به‌ترتیب 72 و 33 درصد بیش‌تر از گیاهچه­ های حاصل از بذرهای شاهد بود. بیش‌ترین شاخص بنیه گیاهچه­ ها مربوط به پیش­ تیمار بذرهای با کود سیفول آمینوزینک (55/26) بود که به ­طور معنی­ داری بیش‌تر از بذرهای شاهد (84/22) و سایر پیش ­تیمارها به‌دست آمد. هم‌چنین درصد سبزشدن بذرهای پیش­ تیمارشده با کود سیفول آمینوزینک به‌طور معنی ­داری (5/3 درصد) بیش‌تر از تیمار شاهد بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: در بین تیمارها کود بذرمال سیفول آمینوزینک و در بین ارقام نیز رقم آبی آذران بیش‌ترین تأثیرگذرای را در شاخص­ های مختلف نشان دادند. با توجه به این‌که پیش ­تیمار بذر روشی آسان و مقرون‌به‌صرفه­ بوده و درعین سادگی و عدم نیاز به دانش فنی پیچیده، به‌آسانی می­تواند توسط کشاورزان اجرا گردد. بنابراین این روش جهت بهبود سبزشدن و استقرار گیاهچه، رشد گیاهچه، افزایش کیفیت و قدرت بذرهای جو توصیه می­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of the seed priming effect of different barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties on various germination characteristics

نویسندگان [English]

  • moslem heydari 1
  • Mehrdad Chaichi 2

1 Department of Plant Production & Genetics, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran. E-mail: m.heydari4066@znu.ac.ir

2 Corresponding Author, Department of Seed and Plant Improvement Research, Hamadan Agriculture and Natural Resources, Research and Education Center, Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization, Hamadan, Iran. E-mail: m.chaichi@areeo.ac.ir

چکیده [English]

Objective: Seed priming is the simplest and the best method to increase seed germination speed.
Methods: To address this, in a study aimed at the effect of priming of different barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars on various germination characteristics, in the form of a factorial experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with four replications in the research greenhouse of the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Hamadan province in 2022. Treatments including priming of seeds with fertilizers 1. Biozar, 2. Seafull amino zinc, 3. Sabzine, 4. Royesh, 5. Ecobooster, and 6. control (no fertilizer application), and different barley cultivars including Jolgeh, Bahman, Azaran, Abidar, Ghaflan, and Sahand.
Results: The results indicated a significant effect of seed priming on the evaluated characteristics compared to the control treatment. The highest enzyme activities of catalase (0.117 Unit/ml) and peroxidase (85.08 Unit/ml) were obtained in seedlings obtained from seeds priming with Seafull amino zinc, which were 72 and 33% more than control treatments, respectively. The highest seedling vigor index was related to the seeds priming with seafull amino zinc fertilizer (26.55), which was significantly higher than the control treatment (22.84) and other treatments. Also, the germination percentage of seeds priming with seafull amino zinc fertilizer was significantly higher (3.5%) than the control.
Conclusion: Considering that seed priming is a cost-effective and easy method and at the same time it is simple and does not require complex technical knowledge, it can be easily implemented by farmers. Therefore, this method is recommended to improve germination, seedling growth, and the quality and strength of barley seeds.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Catalase enzyme
  • Germination percentage
  • Germination speed
  • Peroxidase enzyme
  • Seedling establishment
Aebi, H. (1984). Catalase in vitro. In Methods in enzymology (Vol. 105, pp. 121-126). Academic press.
Afzal, I., S. M. A., Basras, Ahmad, N., & Farooq, M. (2005). Optimization of hormonal priming techniques for evaluation of salinity stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Caderno de Pesquisa Serie Biologia, 17(1), 95-109.
Al-Mudaris, M. A., & Jutzi, S. C. (1999). The influence of fertilizer-based seed priming treatments on emergence and seedling growth of (Sorghum bicolor) and (Pennisetum glaucum) in pot trials under greenhouse conditions. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 182(7), 135-141.
Amiryousefi, M., Tadayon, M. R., & Hoseinifard, M. S. (2022). Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Bio Fertilizers on Some Seed Germination Traits of Two Cultivars of Quinoa under Salinity Stress. Desert Ecosystem Engineering8(24), 79-94. https://doi.org/10.22052/deej.2018.7.24.49.
Ashraf, M. R., & Foolad, M. (2005). Pre-sowing seed treatment a shotgun approach to improving germination, plant growth, and crop yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare) under saline and non-saline conditions. Advances in Agronomy, 88(4), 217-223.
Bradford, K. J. (1986). Manipulation of seed water relations via osmotic priming to improve germination under stress conditions. Horticultural Science, 21(7), 1105-1111.
Chaichi, M., Nemati, A., Dadrasi, A., Heydari, M., Hassanisaadi, M., Yousefi, A. R., & Mastinu, A. (2022). Germination of Triticum aestivum L.: Effects of Soil–Seed Interaction on the Growth of Seedlings. Soil Systems6(2), 37.
Chance, B., & Maehly, A. C. (1955). Assay of catalases and peroxidases. Methods of biochemical analysis, 1, 357-424. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470110171.ch14.
Chen, K., Fessehaie, A., & Arora, R. (2012). Dehydrin metabolism is altered during seed osmopriming and subsequent germination under chilling and desiccation in Spinacia oleracea L. cv. Bloomsdale: Possible role in stress tolerance. Plant Science, 183(12), 27-36, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.11.002.
Cisse. N. D., & Ejeta, G. (2003). Genetic variation and relationships among seedling vigor traits in sorghum. Crop Science, 43(3), 824-828.
De Villiers, A. J., Van Rooyrn, M. W., Theron, G. K., & Van De Venter, H. A. (1994). Germination of three namaqaland pioneer species, as influenced by salinity, temperature and light. Seed Science and Technology, 22(11), 424-423.
Demir, M., & Arif, I. (2003). Effects of different soil salinity levels on germination and seedling growth of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Turkish Journal of Agriculture, 27(12), 221-227.
Duman, I. (2006). Effect of seed priming with PEG and K3PO4 on germination and seedling growth in Lettuce. Pakistan Journal of Biology Science, 9(5), 923-928.
Farooq, M., Wahid, A., & Siddique, K. H. M. (2012). Micronutrient application through seed treatments- a review”, Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 12(1), 125-142.
Forcella, F., Benech Arnold, R. L., Sanchez, R., & Ghersa, C. M. (2000). Modeling seedling emergence. Field Crops Research, 67(5), 123-139.
Giri, G. S., & Schillinger, W. F., (2003). Seed priming winter wheat for germination, emergence, and yield. Crop science, 43(6), 2135-2141.
Gong, D., He, F., Liu, J., Zhang, C., Wang, Y., Tian, S., Sun, C. & Zhang, X., (2022). Understanding of Hormonal Regulation in Rice Seed Germination. Life12(7), p.1021.
Hakizimana, F., Haley, S. D., & Turnipseed, E. B. (2000). Repeatability and genotype × environment interaction of coleoptiles length measurement in winter wheat. Crop Science, 40(2), 1233-1237.
Hakizimana, F., Haley, S. D., & Turnipseed, E. B. (2000). Repeatability and genotype × environment interaction of coleoptiles length measurement in winter wheat. Crop Science, 40(2), 1233-1237.
Han, C., & Yang, P. (2015). Studies on the molecular mechanisms of seed germination. Proteomics, 15(2), 1671-1679. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmic.201400375.
Han, C., Wang, K., & Yang, P. (2014). Gel-based comparative phosphoproteomic analysis on rice embryo during germination. Plant Cell Physiology, 55(5), 1376-1394. https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcu060.
Harris, D. (2006). Development and testing of on-farm seed priming. Advanced Agronomy, 90, 129-138.
Harris, D., Raghuwanshi, B. S., Gangwar, J. S., Singh, S. C., & Hollington, P. A. (1999). Participatory evaluation by farmers of on-farm seed priming in wheat in India, Nepal and Pakistan. Experience Agronomy, 37(3), 403-415.
Harris, D., Rashid, A., Hollington, P. A., Jasi, L., & Riches, C. (2002). Prospects of improving maize yields with ‘on farm seed priming. In Sustainable Maize Production Systems for Nepal. edited by Rajbhandari, N. P., Ransom, J. K., Adikhari, K., Palme, R. A. F. E. Nepal: NARC and CIMMYT.
Hosseinifard, M., Stefaniak, S., Ghorbani Javid, M., Soltani, E., Wojtyla, Ł., & Garnczarska, M. (2022). Contribution of exogenous proline to abiotic stresses tolerance in plants: a review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(9), 5186.
Kaur, S., Gulpata, A. K., & Kaur, N. (2002). Effect of osmo and hydro priming of chickpea seeds on seedling growth and carbohydrate metabolism under water deficit stress. Plant Growth Regulation, 37(5), 17-22, 2002. 17.
Liu, J., Hasanuzzaman, M., Wen, H., Zhang, J., Peng, T., Sun, H., & Zhao, Q. (2019). High temperature and drought stress cause abscisic acid and reactive oxygen species accumulation and suppress seed germination growth in rice. Protoplasma, 256(2), 1217-1227.
Ma, H. Y., Zhao, D. D., Ning, Q. R., Wei, J. P., Li, Y., Wang, M. M., & Liang, Z. W. (2018). A multi-year beneficial effect of seed priming with gibberellic acid-3 (GA3) on plant growth and production in a perennial grass, Leymus chinensisScientific reports8(1), 1-9.
Mian, M. A. R., & Nafziger, E. D. (1994). Seed size and water potential effects on germination and seedling growth of winter wheat. Crop Science, 34(2), 169-171.
Mohammadi, G. R., & Amiri, F. (2010). The effect of priming on seed performance of canola (Brasica napus L.) under drought stress. American-Eurasian. Journal of Agriculture and Environment Science, 9(2), 202-207.
Moles, A. T., & Westoby, M. (2004). Seedling survival and seed size: A synthesis of literature. Journal of Ecology, 92(11), 372-383.
Peterson, C. M., Klepper, B., & Rickman, R. W. (1989). Seeds reserves and seedling development in winter wheat. Agronomy Journal, 81(2), 245-251.
Rajjou, L., Duval, M., Gallardo, K., Catusse, J., Bally, J., Job, C., & Job, D. (2012). Seed germination and vigor. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 63(2), 507-533.
Sharafzadeh, F., Zolleh, H. H., Mohamadi, H., & Janmohamadi, M. (2006). Study of osmotic priming effects on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germination in different temperatures and local seed masses. Journal of Agronomy, 5(4), 647-650.
Singh, P., Singh, J., Ray, Sh., Singh, R., Rajput, Vaishnav, A., & Singh, R. K. (2020). Seed biopriming with antagonistic microbes and ascorbic acid induces resistance in tomato against Fusarium wilt, Microbiological Research, 237(11), 12-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.
Turner, N. C., & Nicolas, M. E. (1987). Drought resistance of wheat for light-textured soils in a Mediterranean climate. In drought tolerance in winter cereals. edited by Srivastava, J. P., Porceddu, E., Acevedo, E., & Varma, S. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
Weitbrecht, K., Müller, K., & Leubner-Metzger, G. (2011). First off the mark: early seed germination. Journal of experimental botany, 62(10), 3289-3309. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/err030.