نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران. رایانامه: dehghansamani@sku.ac.ir

2 گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران. رایانامه: mkhani7@sku.ac.ir

3 نویسنده مسئول، گروه کشاورزی، آموزشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فنی و حرفه‌ای، تهران، ایران. رایانامه: masoudfattahi@tvu.ac.ir

چکیده

هدف: به‌منظور بررسی نیاز سرمایی و گرمایی ارقام تجاری بادام، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار برنامه‌ریزی و در آزمایشگاه دانشگاه شهرکرد در سال 1396 اجرا شد.
روش پژوهش: در این آزمایش فاکتور اول، شامل ارقام تجاری بادام در پنج سطح (مامایی، ربیع، سفید، شاهرود 7 و شاهرود 12) و فاکتور دوم شامل سرمادهی در هفت سطح (100، 200، 300، 400، 500، 600 و 700 ساعت در دما 4-7 درجه سانتی‌گراد) بود. به ‌محض القای خواب در جوانه‌ها از هر رقم، تعداد 75 شاخه تهیه و به یخچال با دمای 4 تا 7 درجه سانتی‌گراد منتقل شدند. پس از سرمادهی از یخچال خارج و در محیط گلخانه، در محلول آب و ساکارز قرار داده شدند و وضعیت شکوفایی جوانه‌های گل بررسی شد.
یافته­ ها: نتایج نشان داد که نیاز سرمایی و گرمایی در ارقام سفید و مامایی کم‌تر از متوسط نیاز سرمایی و گرمایی کل ارقام بودند. رقم سفید 170 ساعت نیاز سرمایی و 5886 درجه ساعت رشد نیاز گرمایی و رقم مامایی 170 ساعت نیاز سرمایی و 7707 درجه ساعت رشد نیاز گرمایی داشتند. رقم ربیع نیاز سرمایی کم‌تر و نیاز گرمایی بیش‌تر از متوسط کل ارقام داشت اما در رقم شاهرود7 هر دو نیاز سرمایی و گرمایی بیش‌تر بود. رقم شاهرود7 به 5/220 ساعت سرما و 10958 درجه ساعت رشد گرما جهت شکوفایی گل نیاز داشت. از طرف دیگر رقم شاهرود 12 به‌عنوان رقمی با نیاز سرمایی بالا و نیاز گرمایی پایین شناسایی شد.
نتیجه ­گیری: به‌طورکلی نتایج نشان داد نیاز سرمایی و گرمایی ارقام مختلف در مدل‌های مختلف متفاوت بود. در بین ارقام این آزمایش رقم شاهرود 12 دارای بالاترین نیاز سرمایی و گرمایی بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of phenology and estimation of flower buds chill and heat requirements of some commercial almond cultivars using different models

نویسندگان [English]

  • Jafar Biabani 1
  • Abdolrahman Mohammadkhani 2
  • masoud fattahi 3

1 Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran. E-mail: dehghansamani@sku.ac.ir

2 Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran. E-mail: mkhani7@sku.ac.ir

3 Corresponding Author, Department of Agriculture science, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Tehran, Iran. E-mail: masoudfattahi@tvu.ac.ir

چکیده [English]

Objective: Almonds are high in antioxidants, vitamin E, protein, and fiber. This nutrient-rich nut is an excellent addition to any diet since it is a versatile ingredient linked to several health benefits. The development of communications have led to a wider cultivation of temperate fruits, cultivars being selected and grown in different environmental conditions. This situation has increased the risks derived from the incomplete breaking of dormancy, and encouraged studies concerning the chilling and heat requirements of fruit cultivars for breaking dormancy and flowering. Estimating chilling and heat requirements of flower buds in fruit trees is important due to predicting flowering time for appropriate site selection to escape spring frost damage.
Methods: In order to investigate the chill and heat requirements of commercial almond cultivars, a factorial experiment was planned and implemented in a completely randomized design with 3 replications in Shahrekord university lab (in 2017). The first factor included commercial almond cultivars in five levels (Mamaei, Rabi, Sefid, Shahroud 7, and Shahroud 12) and the second factor included chilling in seven levels (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, and 700 hours at 4-7 °C). As soon as dormancy was induced in the buds of each cultivar, 75 branches were prepared and transferred to a refrigerator with a temperature of 4 to 7 ° C to determine the chilling requirement. The samples were taken out of the refrigerator and placed in water and sucrose solution in the greenhouse environment, and the flowering status of flower buds was examined.
Results: The results illustrated that the chill and heat requirements of Sefid and Mamaei cultivars were lower than average requirements of all cultivars in this respect. Furthermore, these two cultivars had the lower chill and heat requirements than other cultivars. Also, Sefid cultivar needed 170 hours of chill requirements and 5886 growing degree hours’ heat and Mamaei cultivar needed 170 hours of chill and 7707 growing degree hours’ heat. Rabi cultivar had lower chill and heat requirements than the average of all cultivars, but in Shahroud 7 cultivar both of chill and heat requirements were high. Shahroud 7 cultivar needed to 220.5 hours of chill and 10958 of heat growth degree hours for blooming. On the other hand, Shahroud 12 cultivar was identified as a cultivar with high chilling requirements and low heat requirements.
Conclusion: The minus effects of the lack of chilling for breaking dormancy in temperate fruits, both in vegetative growth, and fruit-bearing have been proved. Chilling requirements of temperate fruit cultivars have to be fully satisfied, if dormancy breaking is to result in the desired vegetative growth, and if the fruit-bearing capacity is to be fulfilled. On the other hand, in case of low chilling requirements blooming happens too early and cold temperatures produce an important loss of yield by frost.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Blooming
  • Dormancy
  • Flower bud
  • Heat unit
  • Utah model
نکونام، فاطمه؛ فتاحی‌مقدم، محمدرضا و زمانی، ذبیح‌اله (1397). ارزیابی نیاز سرمایی و حرارتی جوانه‌های گل در سه رقم تجاری زردآلو با استفاده از مدل‌های مختلف. مجله علوم باغبانی ایران، 49 (1)، 25-36.
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