نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

نویسنده مسئول، گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، مجتمع آموزش‌عالی تربت جام، خراسان رضوی، ایران. رایانامه: sf.saberali@tjamcaas.ac.ir

چکیده

این مطالعه با هدف بررسی برهم‌کنش تاریخ کاشت و میزان کود نیتروژن مصرفی بر رشد و عملکرد گندم زمستانه در شهرستان تربت جام استان خراسان رضوی انجام شد. آزمایش مزرعه­ای به­صورت کرت­های خردشده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در شهرستان تربت جام در سال زراعی 1400-1399 اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل سه تاریخ کاشت 10 مهرماه، 26 مهرماه و 12 آبان‌ماه در کرت­های اصلی و شش سطح کود نیتروژن شامل صفر (به‌عنوان شاهد)، 100، 125، 150، 175 و 200  کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن خالص در کرت­های فرعی بود. در هر کرت، گندم رقم پیشتاز در هفت خط کشت با فاصله ردیف 15 سانتی‌متر و به طول 8 متر کشت شد. تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که اثر تاریخ کاشت، کود نیتروژن مصرفی و اثر متقابل آن‌ها بر همه صفات اندازه­گیری معنی­دار شد. مقایسه میانگین نشان داد که میزان عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد در تاریخ کاشت 10 مهرماه بیش‌تر بود و مقادیر اغلب این صفات در تاریخ کاشت 12 آبان‌ماه نسبت به تاریخ 10 مهرماه کاهش معنی­دار داشتند. مقدار عملکرد دانه در تاریخ کاشت 10 و 26 مهرماه با مصرف 200 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود نیتروژن به حداکثر خود رسید، در حالی‌که بیشینه عملکرد در تاریخ کاشت 12 آبان با مقدار مصرف 175 کیلوگرم در هکتار به­دست آمد. به­طورکلی با تأخیر در کاشت، پاسخ رشد و عملکرد گندم به میزان کود نیتروژن مصرفی کاهش می‌یابد و به‌منظور توصیه کودی کارآمد، زمان کاشت محصول نیز باید مدنظر قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Response of Winter Wheat Growth and Yield to Planting Date and Nitrogen Application Rate

نویسنده [English]

  • Seyed Farhad Saberali

Corresponding Author, Department of Horticulture Science and Engineering, High Educational Complex of Torbat e Jam, Khorasan Razavi, Iran. E-mail: sf.saberali@tjamcaas.ac.ir

چکیده [English]

The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between planting date and the nitrogen application rate on the growth and yield of winter wheat in Torbat-e-Jam, Khorasan Razavi province. The field experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with split plot arrangements and three replications in Torbat-e-Jam, in the 2019-2020. Experimental treatments included three planting dates: 1 October, 17 October and 2 November as the main plot, and nitrogen fertilizer at levels 0 (as a control), 100, 125, 150, 175 and 200 kg nitrogen ha-1 as a subplot. Pishtaz cultivar was planted in experimental plots which included 7 planting lines with a row spacing of 15 cm and a length of 8 m. The results of the analysis of variance showed that planting date and nitrogen fertilizer application and their interaction had a significant effect on all measured traits. The results showed that the yield and yield components were the highest on 1 October, and the values of most of these traits showed a significant decrease in planting on 12 November compared to 10 October. The highest grain yield was obtained from a nitrogen application rate of 200 kg ha-1 on 1 October and 16 October, while the maximum yield was obtained with an application rate of 175 kg ha-1 on 2 November. The growth and yield response of wheat to the rate of nitrogen application decreased with a delay in planting date, and the option of planting date must be considered in order to recommend efficient fertilizer usage.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Leaf area index
  • Economic income
  • Pishtaz cultivar
  • Regression analysis
  • Yield components
احمدی، منصوره؛ کامکار، بهنام؛ سلطانی، افشین؛ زینلی، ابراهیم و عرب عامر، راحله (1391). تأثیر تاریخ کاشت بر طول دوره‎های فنولوژیک ارقام گندم و رابطه آن با تولید عملکرد. مجله پژوهش‌های تولید گیاهی، 7 (2)، 122-109.
بایگی، زینب؛ سیف‌زاده، سعید؛ شیرانی‌راد، امیرحسین؛ ولدآبادی، سید علیرضا و جعفرنژاد، احمد (1396). بررسی اثرات تاریخ کاشت بر شاخص‌های رشد و عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ارقام گندم بهاره در نیشابور. پژوهش‌های کاربردی زراعی، 30 (2)، 1-18. https://doi.org/10.22092/aj.2018.109088.1113
شهراسبی صادق، امام یحیی، رونقی عبدالمجید، پیرسته انوشه هادی (۱۳۹۴). اثر تنش خشکی و کود نیتروژن بر عملکرد دانه و کارایی زراعی مصرف نیتروژن گندم (Triticum aestivum L.) رقم سیروان در شرایط استان فارس. نشریه علوم زراعی ایران. ۱۷ (۴)، ۳۴۹-۳۶۳.
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