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بررسی تأثیر تنش شوری بر صفات فیزیولوژیکی و عملکرد دانه ارقام کینوا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران. رایانامه: m_kaboodkhani@znu.ac.ir

2 گروه علوم کشاورزی، دانشکده دختران شریعتی و باهنر پاکدشت، دانشگاه فنی و حرفه‌ای، تهران، ایران. رایانامه: salek.h@znu.ac.ir

3 نویسنده مسئول، گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران. رایانامه: keyvanaghaei@znu.ac.ir

4 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران. رایانامه: tavakoli@znu.ac.ir

چکیده

کینوا یکی از گیاهان متحمل به شوری است و در آینده می‏تواند در تأمین غذای انسان نقش مهمی داشته باشد. به­منظور بررسی تأثیر تنش شوری بر صفات فیزیولوژیکی و عملکرد ارقام کینوا، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل دو عاملی در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 1399 در شرایط گلخانه اجرا گردید. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل سه رقم کینوا (Q26، Titicaca و Giza1) و سه سطح شوری (صفر، 15، 30 دسی­زیمنس ­بر متر) بود. در شرایط تنش شوری صفاتی مانند رنگیزه­های فتوسنتزی، محتوای نسبی آب برگ و عملکرد دانه کاهش یافت که میزان کاهش کلروفیل a و b در شرایط شاهد نسبت به سطح شوری 30 دسی­زیمنس بر متر به­ترتیب 46 و 77 درصد کاهش یافت و کاهش عملکرد 6/35 درصد اما کاهش محتوای نسبی آب 6/12 درصد بود. نشت یونی، پرولین، مالون‌دی­آلدهید، فعالیت آنزیم­های کاتالاز و گایاکول پراکسیداز در شرایط تنش افزایش یافت. رقم Q26 بالاترین محتوای کاروتنویید، کلروفیل a، محتوای نسبی آب برگ، پروتئین­های محلول، پرولین و فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز را نسبت به ارقام دیگر داشت. رقم Titicaca مقدار مالون‌دی­آلدهید و نشت یونی پایین­تری نسبت به ارقام Q26 و Giza1 داشت که بیانگر کم‌ترین خسارت وارده به غشاهای سلولی است. رقم Giza1 نیز کلروفیل b و کارتنویید بالاتری نسبت به دو رقم دیگر داشت. ارقام از لحاظ عملکرد پاسخ یکسانی به شرایط نشان دادند، اما براساس صفات فیزیولوژیک احتمالاً رقم Q26 و Giza1 به­ترتیب، مقاوم­ترین و حساس­ترین ارقام به تنش شوری باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of the Effect of Salinity Stress on Physiological Traits and Grain Yield of Quinoa Cultivars

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mojtaba Kaboodkhani 1
  • Hadi salek mearaji 2
  • Keyvan aghaei 3
  • Afshin Tavakoli 4

1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran. E-mail: m_kaboodkhani@znu.ac.ir

2 Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Shariati & Bahonar Pakdasht, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Tehran, Iran. E-mail: salek.h@znu.ac.ir

3 Corresponding Author, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran. E-mail: keyvanaghaei@znu.ac.ir

4 Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics,Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran. E-mail: tavakoli@znu.ac.ir

چکیده [English]

Quinoa is one of the salinity tolerant plants, capable of playing an important role in providing human food in the future. In order to investigate the effect of salinity stress on physiological traits and yield of quinoa cultivars, a two-factor factorial experiment was conducted as random complete block design with three replications in 2020 year under greenhouse conditions. Experimental treatments include three quinoa cultivars (Titicaca, Q26, and Giza1) and three salinity levels (0, 15, and30 dS/m). Salinity stress reduced traits such as photosynthetic pigments, relative leaf water content, and grain yield. The chlorophyll a and b content in control conditions, compared to the salinity level of 30 dS/m, have decreased by 46% and 77%, respectively, with the yield dropping by 35.6%, but the decrease in relative water content has been 12.6%. Electrolyte leakage, proline and malondialdehyde content, catalase, and guaiacol peroxidase activity have increased under salinity stress condition. The Q26 cultivar has had the highest content of carotenoids, chlorophyll a, relative water content, soluble proteins, proline, and catalase activity, compared to the others. Titicaca cultivar has had lower malon-dialdehyde (MDA) content and electrolyte leakage than Q26 and Giza1 cultivars, which indicates the least damage to cell membranes, being superior to the other two cultivars. Giza1 cultivar also has had higher chlorophyll b and carotenoids content than the other two cultivars. Q26 and Giza1 cultivars are probably the most resistant and sensitive cultivars to salinity stress, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Catalase
  • Chlorophyll
  • Electrolyte leakage
  • Malon-dialdehyde
  • Peroxidase
  • Proline
  • Relative water content
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به زراعی کشاورزی
دوره 25، شماره 1
فروردین 1402
صفحه 221-233
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