نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران. رایانامه: f.samadzadeh@urmia.ac.ir

2 گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران. رایانامه: a.pirzad@urmia.ac.ir

3 نویسنده مسئول، بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل (مغان)، سازمان تحقیقات، ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، اردبیل، ایران. رایانامه: h.zeinalzadeh@areeo.ac.ir

چکیده

تعیین آرایش کاشت و تراکم مناسب بوته باعث بهره‌وری بهتر از منابع و افزایش عملکرد در واحد سطح می‌شود. در این راستا آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‌های خردشده نواری بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل (مغان) در سال زراعی 1399 انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل ردیف‌های کاشت 30، 45 و 60 سانتی‌متری به‌عنوان فاکتور عمودی و فاصله کاشت در پنج، هشت، 11 و 14 سانتی‌متری به‌عنوان فاکتور افقی بودند. براساس نتایج به‌دست‌آمده، با افزایش فاصله بین بوته‌ها روی ردیف کاشت، بیش‌ترین تاریخ کاشت تا شروع گل‌دهی (25/47 روز)، طول دوره رشد (25/122 روز)، قطر ساقه (33/8 میلی‌متر)، تعداد شاخه فرعی (97/2 عدد) و طول کپسول (20/24 میلی‌متر) کنجد در فاصله کاشت بین بوته 14 سانتی‌متری مشاهده شد. فاصله ردیف‌های کاشت 45 نسبت به 30 سانتی‌متری، تعداد کپسول در بوته، تعداد دانه در کپسول، وزن هزاردانه کنجد را به­ترتیب به میزان 33، 50/18 و 16 درصد افزایش داد. بیش‌ترین عملکرد دانه، وزن تر و خشک بوته به­ترتیب با 40/1455، 80/5021 و 73/1280 کیلوگرم در هکتار در فاصله ردیف کاشت 45 سانتی‌متر مشاهده شد. نتایج کلی این آزمایش نشان داد آرایش کاشت کنجد رقم ناشکوفا با فاصله بین بوته 14 سانتی‌متر و فاصله بین ردیف کاشت 45 سانتی‌متر با استفاده بهینه از منابع محیطی برای کشت کنجد در دشت مغان مناسب بوده و بنابراین قابل توصیه برای کشاورزان منطقه است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Plant Pattern and Density on Morphological Characteristics and Yield-Related Traits of Non-Dehiscent Sesame Cultivar

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Samadzadeh 1
  • Alireza Pirzad 2
  • Hossein Zeinalzadeh-Tabrizi 3

1 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. E-mail: f.samadzadeh@urmia.ac.ir

2 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. E-mail: a.pirzad@urmia.ac.ir

3 Corresponding Author, Crops and Horticultural Science Research Department, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center (Moghan), AREEO, Ardabil, Iran, and Department of Horticulture and Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. E-mail: h.zeinalzadeh@areeo.ac.ir

چکیده [English]

Determining the appropriate planting arrangement and plant density leads to better productivity of resources and increased yield per unit area. In this regard, an experiment was conducted in the Ardabil agricultural and natural resources research and education center (Moghan) during the 2021 crop year. This experiment uses a strip plot design based on randomized complete blocks with four replications. Its main factor is the effect of planting rows at a spacing of 30, 45, and 60 cm with planting spacing of 5, 8, 11, and 14 cm serving as the subfactor. According to the results, by increasing the distance between plants on the planting row, the maximum days to flowering initiation (47.25 days), growth period (122.25 days), stem diameter (8.33 mm), number of branches (2.97), and capsule length (24.20 mm) of sesame can be observed at a planting distance of 14 cm between the plants. Row spacing of 45 to 30 cm increases the number of capsules per plant, the number of seeds per capsule, and 1000-seed weight of sesame by 33%, 18.50%, and 16%, respectively. The highest seed yield, fresh and dry weight belong to 1455.40, 5021.80, and 1280.73 kg/ha, respectively, at 45 cm distance between planting rows. The results from this experiment show that planting arrangement with a distance between plants of 14 cm and a distance between planting rows of 45 cm, with optimal use of environmental resources is suitable for cultivation in Moghan plain and recommended for local farmers.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Capsule number
  • Planting spacing
  • Row spacing
  • Thousand-seed weight
  • Total dry matter
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