نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

نویسنده مسئول، بخش تحقیقات پنبه و گیاهان لیفی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان تهران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ورامین، ایران. رایانامه: a.arefi@areeo.ac.ir

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر کاهش فاصله ردیف از 75 سانتی‌متر رایج به 25 سانتی‌متر و کشت در ردیف‏های بسیار باریک (Ultra Narrow Row; UNR) در سال 1398 آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‏های خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در دو مکان آرادان (استان سمنان) و مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی استان تهران در ورامین انجام شد. کرت اصلی عبارت بود از تاریخ‏ کشت (1 خردادماه و 15 خردادماه) و کرت‏های فرعی به رقم‏های تیپ بسته پنبه شامل خورشید، کاشمر، ساجدی، حکمت و شاهد خردادماه اختصاص یافت. نتایج نشان داد که اثر مکان بر صفات رویشی و زایشی کاملاً معنی‏دار شد. کشت در ردیف‏های بسیار باریک در آرادان منجر به افزایش عملکرد شد، اما در ورامین، نه تنها عملکرد افزایش نیافت، بلکه به‌علت رشد رویشی بی‏رویه و کاهش تعداد غوزه، عملکرد به‌شدت کاهش یافت. کاهش فاصله ردیف منجر به افزایش تعداد شاخه ‏رویا، زایا و ارتفاع بوته شد. در ورامین ارتفاع بوته همه رقم‏ها بیش از 119 سانتی‌متر شد. بالاترین عملکرد در این منطقه از کشت معمول رقم شاهد خردادماه به‌دست آمد (3886 کیلوگرم در هکتار) که بیان‏گر برتری روش معمول نسبت به کاشت در ردیف­های بسیار باریک است. در آرادان، بیش‌ترین عملکرد از رقم خورشید به میزان 5/5702 کیلوگرم در هکتار در ردیف‏های باریک حاصل شد و پس از آن رقم‏های کاشمر، ساجدی و حکمت قرار داشتند. این نتایج نشان می‏دهد که کشت رقم‏های تیپ بسته، در ردیف‏های باریک سازگاری بیش‌تری با شرایط آرادان (استان سمنان) نسبت به ورامین دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Yield of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Cultivars in Ultra Narrow Row (UNR) Spacing at Two Planting Dates

نویسنده [English]

  • ali naderi arefi

Corresponding Author, Cotton And Fiber Crop Research Department, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Varamin, Iran. E-mail: a.arefi@areeo.ac.ir

چکیده [English]

In order to investigate the effects of reduced row spacing from usual 75 cm to 25 cm (UNR), an experiment has been conducted in two locations: Davarabad agricultural research station (Semnan Province) and Varamin Central Agricultural Research Station. The experimental design is RCBD laid out in split plots with three replications. The main plots are the planting dates (May 22 and Jun 5, 2020) and five cultivars, i.e. Khorshid, Kashmar, Sajedi, Hekmat, and Khordad serve as the sub plots. The results show that location effect on vegetative and reproductive attributes has been significant. UNR boosts the yield in Aradan, but in Varamin region, this planting method, not only has failed to increase the yield, but has reduced it significantly. This is due to reducing the boll number as a result of rank growth of plants in UNR system. Reduction of row spaces from 75 to 25 cm enhances the number of monopodials, sympodials, and plant height. In Varamin, plant height of all cultivars are higher than 119 cm. the highest yield in this region obtained from Khordad as Control (3886 kg seed ha -1). The highest yield in Aradan, obtained from Khorshid (5702.5 kg seed ha -1) in UNR system. This shows that the UNR planting of zero type varieties is more adabtable for Garmsar condition than that of Varamin. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Boll
  • Density
  • Plant height
  • Reproductive growth
  • Vegetative growth
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