نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران. رایانامه: abas.khanamani@gmail.com

2 نویسنده مسئول، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی و پژوهشکده فناوری تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران. رایانامه: e_tohidi@uk.ac.ir

3 گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی و پژوهشکده فناوری تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران. رایانامه: khajoei@uk.ac.ir

4 گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران. رایانامه: jalalghanbari@agr.uk.ac.ir

چکیده

این آزمایش مزرعه‌ای به‌صورت کرت‌های دوبار خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در طول فصل رشد 1399 در دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان انجام شد. مقادیر کود نیتروژنه (عدم کاربرد، 50 و 100 درصد؛ به‌ترتیب صفر، 75 و 150 کیلوگرم اوره در هکتار) به‌عنوان عامل اصلی، تلقیح با باکتری محرک رشد (عدم تلقیح و تلقیح با Pantoea agglomerans) به‌عنوان عامل فرعی و سیستم‌های مختلف کشت مخلوط شنبلیله و سیاهدانه (100: 0، 75: 25، 50: 50 و 25: 75، 0: 100) به‌عنوان عامل فرعی فرعی موردبررسی قرار گرفتند. زیست‌توده، عملکرد، کارایی مصرف نیتروژن، کارایی زراعی کود و نسبت برابری زمین (LER) ارزیابی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که بیش‌ترین زیست‌توده و کارایی مصرف نیتروژن گیاهان موردبررسی از کوددهی 100 درصد و تلقیح با باکتری در تک‌کشتی حاصل شد. هم‌چنین، LER کل با کوددهی (بین 51-28 درصد) و تلقیح (23 درصد) به‌طور معنی‌داری بهبود یافت و در الگوهای کشت 75:25 و 50:50 به‌ترتیب با مقادیر 732/1 و 688/1 مزیت بالاتری نشان داد. در مقابل، کاهش کوددهی به میزان 50 درصد در شرایط تلقیح باکتریایی، کارایی زراعی کود را به‌ویژه در تک‌کشتی شنبلیله افزایش داد. کوددهی، کارایی مصرف نیتروژن کل را افزایش داد و تلقیح در نسبت‌های بالای شنبلیله منجر به حصول بیش‌ترین کارایی شد. نسبت کشت 75:25 شنبلیله: سیاهدانه در شرایط کاربرد 150 کیلوگرم اوره و تلقیح با باکتری با LER حدود 2 بهترین ترکیب تیماری جهت حصول حداکثر بهره‌وری کلی بود. در موارد محدودیت در کاربرد کود نیز 50 درصد کوددهی و تلقیح با باکتری در همین نسبت کشت می‌تواند قابل توصیه باشد. پژوهش حاضر نشان می‌دهد که کاربرد تلفیقی باکتری و کوددهی می‌تواند کارایی کلی کشت مخلوط را افزایش دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Efficiency in Fenugreek-Black Cumin Intercropping Under Application of Growth-Promoting Bacteria and Nitrogen Fertilizer Amounts

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abbas Khanamani 1
  • Enayatollah Tohidi-Nejad 2
  • Gholamreza Khajoei-Nejad 3
  • Jalal Ghanbari 4

1 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran. E-mail: abas.khanamani@gmail.com

2 Corresponding Author, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, and Research and Technology Institute of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran. E-mail: e_tohidi@uk.ac.ir

3 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, and Research and Technology Institute of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran. E-mail: khajoei@uk.ac.ir

4 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, and Research and Technology Institute of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran. E-mail: jalalghanbari@agr.uk.ac.ir

چکیده [English]

This field experiment is arranged in a split-split plot based on a randomized complete block design replicated three times during the growing season of 2019 at Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran. Nitrogen fertilizer rates (no-application, 50%, and 100%; 0, 75, and 150 kg urea per hectare) serve as the main factor, inoculation with growth-promoting bacteria (non-inoculation and inoculation with Pantoea agglomerans) as sub factor, and different fenugreek and black cumin cropping systems (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100) as sub-sub factor. Biomass, yield, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), agronomy efficiency of fertilizer (AEF), and land equivalent ratio (LER) are determined. The results show that the highest biomass and NUE of studied plants are obtained from 100% fertilization and bacteria inoculation in monoculture. The total LER is also significantly improved by fertilization (between 28-51%) and bacteria inoculation (23%), showing a higher advantageous in 25:75 and 50:50 cropping patterns with LER values of 1.732 and 1.688, respectively. In contrast, reducing 50% of fertilization under bacterial inoculation increases the AEF, especially in fenugreek monoculture. Fertilization increasing the total NUE and bacteria inoculation results in the highest NUE, particularly at increased ratios of fenugreek. Fenugreek:black cumin cropping ratio of 25:75 under 100% N fertilization and bacteria inoculation with LER 2 has been the best treatment combination for gaining maximum overall productivity. Fertilization with 50% N inoculated with bacteria in the same cropping pattern can be recommended when fertilizer application is restricted. The present research suggests that the integrated application of bacteria and fertilization can enhance the overall efficiency of intercropping.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biofertilizer
  • Fertilization efficiency
  • Land equivalent ratio
  • Medicinal plants
  • Nitrogen use efficiency
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