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تأثیر پرایمینگ و پوشش دهی بذر بر شاخص های سبزشدن، ریخت شناسی ریشه و مراحل فنولوژیک دو رقم برنج

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 نویسنده مسئول، بخش اصلاح و تهیه بذر، مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، گیلان، ایران. رایانامه: sh.nazari@areeo.ac.ir

2 بخش اصلاح و تهیه بذر، مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، گیلان، ایران. رایانامه: mhkhossieni@gmail.com

3 بخش اصلاح و تهیه بذر، مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، گیلان، ایران. رایانامه: mehrzadallahgholipour@yahoo.com

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر پرایمینگ (پیش­تیمار) و پوشش‌دارکردن بذر بر ویژگی‌های رشدی و عملکرد دانه برنج آزمایشی دو ساله در مزرعه پژوهشی مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور (رشت) طی سال­های 1399 و 1400 اجرا شد. آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. عوامل آزمایش شامل دو رقم برنج (هاشمی و گوهر) و پیش­تیمار بذر ارقام برنج در هفت سطح شامل پرایمینگ با کلریدکلسیم (5/22 گرم در یک لیتر آب در 24 ساعت)، 2- پرایمینگ با کلریدپتاسیم (5/22 گرم در یک لیتر آب در 24 ساعت)، 3- پرایمینگ با سولفات‌روی (غلظت 5/0 میلی‌مولار در 12 ساعت)، 4- هیدروپرایمینگ (48 ساعت)+ پوشش‌دارکردن بذر با کلریدکلسیم، 5- هیدروپرایمینگ (48 ساعت)+پوشش‌دارکردن با کلریدپتاسیم، 6- هیدروپرایمینگ (48 ساعت)+ پوشش‌دارکردن با سولفات‌روی و 7- هیدروپرایمینگ (48 ساعت به‌عنوان شاهد) بود. نتایج نشان داد بالاترین درصد و سرعت سبزشدن به­ترتیب با 5/99 درصد و 23/0 بذر در روز تحت پرایمینگ با کلریدپتاسیم در رقم گوهر مشاهده شد. کم­ترین تعداد روز جهت رسیدن به 90 درصد سبزشدن در ارقام هاشمی و گوهر موردبررسی تحت پرایمینگ با کلریدپتاسیم و کلریدکلسیم به­دست آمد. بیش­ترین طول ریشه با 6/24 سانتی­متر در پرایمینگ با کلریدپتاسیم در رقم گوهر مشاهده شد. بالاترین وزن خشک ریشه در ارقام هاشمی و گوهر به­ترتیب 14/2 و 9/4 گرم در پرایمینگ با کلریدپتاسیم به­دست آمد. هم‌چنین نتایج نشان داد که بیش­ترین حجم و سطح ریشه به­ترتیب با 43 سانتی­مترمکعب و 28/155 سانتی­مترمربع در پرایمینگ با کلریدپتاسیم در رقم گوهر به­دست آمد. کم­ترین زمان لازم جهت دست­یابی به حداکثر پنجه­زنی، 50 درصد گلدهی و رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک در تیمار پرایمینگ با کلریدکلسیم و کلریدپتاسیم مشاهده شد. پرایمینگ بذر با کلریدپتاسیم و پوشش­دارکردن با کلریدکلسیم به­ترتیب 22 و 13 درصد عملکرد دانه را نسبت به تیمار شاهد افزایش داد. بالاترین عملکرد بیولوژیک در تیمارهای پرایمینگ با کلریدپتاسیم و پوشش­دارکردن با کلریدکلسیم به­ترتیب با 5552 و 5414 کیلوگرم در هکتار در رقم گوهر مشاهده شد. به‌طورکلی، پرایمینگ بذر برنج با کلریدکلسیم و کلریدپتاسیم با بهبود ویژگی‌های گیاهچه­ای، سیستم ریشه­ای و مراحل فنولوژیکی موجب افزایش عملکرد گیاه شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Seed Priming and Coating on Emergence Indices, Root Morphology and Phenological Stages of Two Rice Cultivars

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shahram Nazari 1
  • maryam hossieni 2
  • Mehrzad Allahgholipour 3

1 Corresponding Author, Department of Seed Improvement, Rice Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran. E-mail: sh.nazari@areeo.ac.ir

2 Department of Seed Improvement, Rice Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran. E-mail: mhkhossieni@gmail.com

3 Department of Seed Improvement, Rice Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran. E-mail: mehrzadallahgholipour@yahoo.com

چکیده [English]

In order to investigate the effect of seed priming (pretreatment) and coating on seedling characteristics, root morphology and phenological stages of rice, a two-year experiment has been conducted in the Rice Research Institute of Iran (Rasht) between 2020 and 2021. The experiment is performed as a factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimental factors include two rice cultivars (Hashemi and Gohar) and the seed pretreatment of rice cultivars in seven levels, including (1) priming with calcium chloride (-1.25 MPa in 24 hours), (2) priming with potassium chloride (1.25 MPa in 24 hours), (3) priming with zinc sulfate (concentration of 0.5 mM in 12 hours), (4) hydro-priming (48 hours) + coating the seeds with calcium chloride, (5) hydro-priming (48 hours) + coating with potassium chloride, (6) hydro-priming (48 hours) + coating with zinc sulfate, and (7) hydro-priming (48 hours as control). The results show that the highest percentage and germination rate has been observed with 99.5% and 0.23 seeds per day under seed priming with potassium chloride in the Gohar cultivar, respectively. The lowest time required to achieve 90% emergence has belonged to Hasehmi and Gohar cultivars through priming with potassium chloride and calcium chloride. The highest root length (with 24.6 cm) has been observed in priming with potassium chloride in the Gohar cultivar. The highest root dry weight in Hashemi and the Gohar cultivars has been 2.14 and 4.9 g, respectively, in priming with potassium chloride. The results also show that the maximum root volume and area are obtained with 43 cm3 and 155.28 cm2 in priming with potassium chloride in Gohar cultivar, respectively. The least time required to achieve maximum tillering, 50% flowering, and physiological maturation takes place in priming treatment with calcium chloride and potassium chloride. Seed priming with potassium chloride and coating with calcium chloride have increased grain yield by 22% and 13%, respectively, compared to the control. The highest biological yield is observed in potassium chloride priming and coating with calcium chloride treatments with 5552 and 5414 kg. ha-1 in Gohar cultivar, respectively. In general, rice seed priming with calcium chloride and potassium chloride promoted plant yield by improving seedling characteristics, root system, and phenological stages.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Calcium chloride
  • emergence percentage
  • flowering
  • potassium chloride
  • root volume
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