نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه باغبانی، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران.

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی کارایی کشت مستقیم برنج (Oryza sativa L.) با فناوری نوار بذر و مقایسه آن با کاشت نشایی و کاشت مستقیم سنتی (خطی)، آزمایشی به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار به‌مدت دو سال پیاپی 1396-97 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد رشت انجام شد. فاکتور اول؛ دو رقم برنج (خزر و هاشمی) و فاکتور دوم؛ ده سطح تیمار پرایمینگ بذر با سه روش کشت (نشایی، مستقیم خطی و مستقیم با فناوری نوار بذر) بودند. دو چالش عمده تولید برنج در روش­های کشت نشایی و کشت مستقیم سنتی (خطی)؛ سهم بالای نیروی کار و افزایش هزینه است. بنابراین، برای کاهش هزینه تولید برنج باید به‌دنبال روش­های جدید کشت بود. در مطالعه حاضر، کشت مستقیم برنج با فناوری پرایمینگ و نوار بذر، با کاهش نیروی کار و هزینه ارائه می‌شود. شاخص­های زراعی و برآورد هزینه عوامل تولید این دو رقم برنج در این سه روش کشت ارزیابی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که استفاده از روش کشت مستقیم با فناوری نوار بذر باعث افزایش هشت درصدی عملکرد دانه شلتوک و صرفه­جویی 25 درصدی در هزینه، هم‌چنین کاهش 11 درصدی در طول دوره رشد، 30 درصدی در تعداد نیروی کار در هر هکتار، 26 درصدی در هزینه تولید هر کیلوگرم برنج سفید و 2/2 درصدی در شاخص هزینه به فایده در رقم هاشمی نسبت به روش مرسوم کشت نشایی شد. بنابراین، کشت مستقیم با فناوری نوار بذر، که برای اولین بار در ایران اجرا شد، در کاهش هزینه تولید برنج مؤثر می­باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Direct Cultivation of Rice by Seed Tape Technology

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hassan Akhgari 1
  • Behzad Kaviani 2

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Horticultural Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran.

چکیده [English]

An experiment as factorial with completely randomized block design with four replications during two continuous years (2019-2020) was carried out in order to evaluate the efficiency of rice (Oryza sativa L.) by seed tape technology and its comparison with transplanting and traditional direct seeding cultivations. The first factor consisted of two rice cultivars (Khazar and Hashemi) and the second one consisted of ten levels of seed priming treatment with three methods (transplanting, traditional direct and direct with seed tape technology). The two main challenges of rice production in traditional transplanting and direct seeded methods are the high share of labor and the increased cost. Therefore, new methods of cultivation should be sought to reduce the cost of rice production. In the present study, direct seeded of rice with seed priming treatments and seed tape technology, with reduction of labor and cost is presented. Agronomy parameters and cost production factors were evaluated in these three methods. The results showed that the use of direct seeded method with seed tape technology increased rice yield by eight percent and saved 25 percent in cost, as well as a 11 percent reduction during the growing period, 30 percent in the number of labor per hectare, 26 percent in the production cost per kilogram of white rice and 2.2 percent in the cost-benefit index in Hashemi cultivar compared to the cultivation method. Therefore, direct seeded with seed tape technology, done for the first time in Iran, is effective in reducing the cost of rice production.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cereals
  • Rice seed priming
  • Seed yield
  • Traditional cultivation
  • Transplanting cultivation
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