نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 پژوهشکده مرکبات و میوه‌های نیمه‌گرمسیری، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رامسر، ایران. رایانامه: b.adouli@areeo.ac.ir

2 مربی پژوهشی، پژوهشکده مرکبات و میوه‌های نیمه‌گرمسیری، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رامسر، ایران. رایانامه: b.moradi@areeo.ac.ir

3 نویسنده مسئول، پژوهشکده مرکبات و میوه‌های نیمه‌گرمسیری، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رامسر، ایران. رایانامه: ma.shiri@areeo.ac.ir

4 پژوهشکده مرکبات و میوه‌های نیمه‌گرمسیری، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رامسر، ایران. رایانامه: m.kiaashkevarian@areeo.ac.ir

چکیده

ترکیدگی قبل از برداشت میوه مرکبات نابسامانی فیزیولوژی می‌باشد که با کاهش مقدار محصول قابل‌عرضه به بازار، خسارت قابل‌توجهی را به تولیدکنندگان ارقام حساس وارد می‌کند. مدیریت درست تغذیه درختان و توجه ویژه به سه عنصر کلیدی پتاسیم، کلسیم و بور که در استحکام دیواره‌های سلولی و یکپارچگی پوست میوه نقش دارند، می‌تواند در کاهش شدت ترکیدگی مؤثر باشد. بر این اساس، آزمایشی به‌منظور بررسی اثرات محلول‌پاشی برگی نیترات‌پتاسیم یک درصد، نیترات‌کلسیم یک درصد و بوریک‌اسید نیم درصد در زمان پایان ریزش جودرو بر کاهش شدت ترکیدگی و برخی صفات میوه نارنگی ʼپیجʻ در رامسر (پژوهشکده مرکبات و میوه‌های نیمه‌گرمسیری) طی دو سال 1397 و 1398 انجام گرفت. این پژوهش به‌صورت تجزیه مرکب در زمان شامل دو فاکتور سال‌های انجام آزمایش و تیمارهای مختلف محلول‌پاشی عناصر غذایی بود که در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد که تیمارها به‌ویژه نیترات‌پتاسیم یک درصد شدت ترکیدگی قبل از برداشت میوه را کاهش داده و موجب افزایش محصول و بهبود صفات کمی و کیفی میوه شدند، اما در عین حال بر فعالیت آنزیم پلی‌گالاکتوروناز، تراکم سلولی گلگاه و قطر ناف بی‌اثر بوده‌اند. در نهایت، می‌توان محلول‌پاشی برگی عناصر غذایی به‌ویژه نیترات‌پتاسیم یک درصد را به‌عنوان روشی مؤثر برای کنترل ترک‌خوردگی قبل از برداشت و افزایش کمیت و کیفیت میوه نارنگی ’پیج‘ پیشنهاد کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Foliar Application of Potassium Nitrate, Calcium Nitrate, and Boric Acid on Reduction of Pre-harvest Fruit Splitting of Page Mandarin

نویسندگان [English]

  • Babak Adouli 1
  • Bijan Moradi 2
  • Mohammad Ali Shiri 3
  • Masoumeh Kiaeshkevarian 4

1 Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Center, Horticulture Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ramsar, Iran. E-mail: b.adouli@areeo.ac.ir

2 Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Center, Horticulture Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ramsar, Iran. E-mail: b.moradi@areeo.ac.ir

3 Corresponding Author, Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Center, Horticulture Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ramsar, Iran. E-mail: ma.shiri@areeo.ac.ir

4 Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Center, Horticulture Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ramsar, Iran. E-mail: m.kiaashkevarian@areeo.ac.ir

چکیده [English]

Pre-harvest citrus fruit splitting is a physiological disorder that causes significant damage to producers of susceptible cultivars by reducing the amount of crop available on the market. Proper management of tree nutrition and paying special attention to the three key elements of potassium, calcium, and boron, which are involved in the strength of cell walls and fruit peel flexibility, can be effective in reducing the fruit splitting severity. Therefore, an experiment has been carried out in the Ramsar (Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Center) during 2018 and 2019 to investigate the effects of foliar application of 1.0% potassium nitrate, 1.0% calcium nitrate, and 0.5% boric acid at the end of June drop on reducing the severity of splitting and some fruit traits of Page mandarin. This study is performed according to a combined analysis in time with two factors including years of experimentation and different treatments of foliar application of nutrients, based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The results show that the treatments especially 1.0% potassium nitrate have reduced pre-harvest fruit splitting, increased the yield, and improved the quantitative and qualitative fruit traits. However, they have had no significant effect on the activity of polygalacturonase enzyme, cell density of blossom-end, and navel diameter. Overall, foliar application of nutrients, especially 1.0% potassium nitrate, could be suggested as an effective approach to control pre-harvest fruit splitting and boost the quantity and quality of page mandarin fruit.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cell density of blossom-end
  • Fruit quality
  • Fruit weight
  • Polygalacturonase
  • Yield
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