نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار، مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

چکیده

منابع ژنتیکی بومی چاودار در ایران دارای سازگاری و تنوع بالایی می‌باشد که تأمین علوفه موردنیاز در اقلیم­های مختلف و متنوع کشورمان را مقدور می­سازد. در این پژوهش تعداد نُه اکوتیپ چاودار، به‌همراه ارقام تجاری چاودار، جو و تریتیکاله در سه سال زراعی 94-93، 96-95 و 97-96 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر در کرج ارزیابی شدند. پژوهش شامل سه آزمایش جداگانه در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار بود. بررسی صفات فنولوژیکی، مرفولوژیکی و زراعی اکوتیپ‌ها در سال‌های مختلف نشان داد اثر متقابل سال و اکوتیپ بر همه صفات به‌جز صفت روز تا گلدهی معنی‌دار بود. براساس عملکرد علوفه خشک اکوتیپ شماره 119 چاودار دارای بالاترین میانگین بود و رقم تریتیکاله پایین­ترین میانگین را به‌خود اختصاص داد (به‌ترتیب 68/5 و14/4 تن در هکتار). همبستگی صفات عملکرد علوفه، عملکرد دانه و وزن هزاردانه با سطح برگ پرچم معنی‌دار شد. براساس مقایسه درصد دیواره سلولی بدون همی‌سلولز در علوفه، اکوتیپ شماره 119 و رقم جو والفجر به­طور معنی‌داری پایین­تر از سایر نمونه­ها بودند (به‌ترتیب 60 و 56 درصد). براساس میانگین فیبر موجود در علوفه نیز اکوتیپ شماره 119 پایین­ترین میانگین را به‌خود اختصاص داد (33 درصد). لذا به‌نظر می­رسد اکوتیپ شماره 119 علاوه بر پتانسیل بالای تولید علوفه، دارای کیفیت علوفه مطلوبی نیز می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Quality and Quantity in Forage and Grain Yield of Iranian Rye Ecotypes

نویسنده [English]

  • shakiba shahmoradi

Assistant professor, Department Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Genetic resources of Iranian rye have a high adaptation and diversity which provides the required forage in diverse climates of our country. Utilization of these resources is important in the development of new varieties. In this study, nine rye ecotypes, along with commercial cultivars of rye, barley, and triticale have been evaluated in three growing seasons 2014-15, 2016-17 and 2017-18 in research field of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute. The research is carried out in three separate experiments in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The study of phenological, morphological, and agronomic traits show that interaction of year and ecotype is significant for all traits, except for days to flowering. Based on the dry forage yield, Ecotype 119 has had the highest mean and Triticale cultivar, the lowest (5.68 and 4.14 t/ha respectively). Correlation coefficeint between grain yield, forage yield, 1000 kernel weight, and flag leaf area is significant. Comparison of ADF percentage in the forage show that these traits are significantly lower in ecotype 119 and barley cultivar Valfajr than other samples (60% and 56%, respectively). Based on the average of fiber in forage, Ecotype 119 has had the lowest average (33%). It seems that Ecotype 119, in addition to high potential for forage production, also has good forage quality.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Production potential
  • Rye
  • Forage
  • Quantity.Quality
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