به زراعی کشاورزی

شماره جاری

بر اساس شماره‌های نشریه

بر اساس نویسندگان

بر اساس موضوعات

نمایه نویسندگان

نمایه کلیدواژه ها

درباره نشریه

اهداف و چشم انداز

اعضای هیات تحریریه

اصول اخلاقی انتشار مقاله

بانک ها و نمایه نامه ها

پیوندهای مفید

پرسش‌های متداول

فرایند پذیرش مقالات

اطلاعات آماری نشریه

اخبار و اعلانات

داوران

عضویت و راهنمای پابلونز

دستورالعمل حذف نام داور از روی کامنت ها در برنامه Word

تأثیر تراکم کاشت در افزایش قدرت رقابتی ارقام نخود (.Cicer arietinum L) در مقابل علف های هرز

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار، دانشکده کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

3 استادیار، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، سنندج، ایران.

چکیده

استفاده از تراکم و ارقامی که قدرت رقابت­پذیری بالایی دارند از راه­های مؤثر در کنترل علف­های هرز در سیستم مدیریت تلفیقی است. به‌منظور بررسی امکان افزایش قدرت رقابتی برخی از ارقام نخود دیم در مقابل علف­های هرز با استفاده از تراکم کشت آزمایشی به‌صورت اسپلیت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کردستان، ایستگاه گریزه سنندج در سال زراعی 99-1398 اجرا شد. فاکتور اول تراکم نخود در سه سطح 30، 36 و 42 بوته در مترمربع به‌عنوان کرت اصلی، ارقام نخود در هفت سطح شامل آزاد، جم، محلی، هاشم، ILC482، پیروز و کاکا و عملیات مدیریتی در دو سطح وجین کامل در تمام فصل رشد و عدم وجین به‌عنوان فاکتورهای فرعی بودند. براساس نتایج به‌دست‌آمده وجین علف هرز باعث افزایش تعداد غلاف در بوته به میزان 63/35 درصد شد. در عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد نخود بین ارقام موردبررسی تفاوت معنی­دار وجود داشت. ارقام ILC482 و کاکا به‌ترتیب از بیش‌ترین و کم‌ترین تعداد شاخه اصلی به میزان 82/3 و 58/2 برخوردار بودند. بیش‌ترین تعداد شاخه فرعی در تراکم 30 بوته در مترمربع به‌دست آمد. بیش‌ترین تعداد غلاف در بوته به میزان 12/14 و 41/13 در ارقام پیروز و جم و کم‌ترین تعداد غلاف در بوته به مقدار 98/7 در رقم هاشم مشاهده شد. حداکثر عملکرد دانه، شاخص تحمل رقابت و کم‌ترین تراکم علف هرز را رقم جم دارا بود. در همه ارقام موردبررسی با افزایش تراکم بوته تعداد دانه در مترمربع، عملکرد دانه و شاخص تحمل رقابت افزایش نشان داد و بیش‌ترین مقدار آن­ها در تراکم 42 بوته در مترمربع به‌دست آمد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Planting Density on Increasing the Competitive Ability of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Cultivars against Weeds

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Ghasemi 1
  • Weria Weisany 2
  • Marjan Diyanat 2
  • Mahmood Moradi 3

1 M. Sc. Student, Department of Agricultural Sciences and Food Industries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Sciences and Food Industries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

3 Assistant Professor, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Sanandaj, Iran.

چکیده [English]

The use of densitiy and cultivars that have high competitiveness are effective ways to control weeds in the integrated management system. The present study aims at increasing competitive ability of some dryland chickpea cultivars against weeds under different plant densities. Therefore, an experiment has been conducted as a split factorial in a Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications in the research farms of the Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Garizeh Agricultural Research Station, Sanandaj, Iran, during the 2020-2021 growing seasons. Experimental treatments include different plant density (30, 36, and 42 plants.m-2) as main plot, seven cultivars (Azad, Jam, Hashem, ILC482, Pirooz, Kaka, and a local variety), and weed management (no weeding and hand weeding during the whole growing season) as subplots. Results indicate that weeding operations are effective in increasing the number of pod per plant by 35.63%. Also, it is observed that there have beem significant differences among yield and yield components of the studied cultivars. ILC482 and Kaka cultivars have had the highest and lowest number of main branches at 3.82 and 2.58 values, respectively. The highest number of secondary branches obtained at a density of 30 plants.m-2. Furthermore, the highest number of pods per plant registered for Pirooz and Jam cultivars and the lowest number of pods per plant has been 7.98 in Hashem cultivar. The highest grain yield, indices of tolerance and competition and the lowest weed density observed for the Jam cultivar. In all examined cultivars, the number of seeds per square meter, grain yield and ability withstand competition index improve with increasing plant density so that the highest values are achieved at the plant density of 42 plants.m-2.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ability of withstand competition
  • cultivar
  • pea
  • plant density
  • weed
  • weeding
مراجع
Abdollahi, F., & Mohammaddust-Chamanabad, H.R. (2017). The competitive response investigation of 18 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars with wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis). Plant Protection, 30, 629-638.
Akbar, N., Iqbal, M.A., & ZamanKhan, H. (2011). Agro-qualitative response of two cultivars of chickpea to different sowing techniques under irrigated conditions of Faisalabad. Crop and Environment, 2(1), 19-23.
Aminpanah, H. (2011). Response of more and less competitive rice cultivars to different densities of barnyardgrass. Electronic Journal of Crop Production, 4(4), 67-84.
Amjad, M., Sultan, M., Anjum, M.A., & Ayyub, C.M. (2002). Response of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) to various doses of N & P and different plant spacing. Pakistan Journal Research Science, 13 (1), 19-29.
Ansarul Haq, S., Korieng, K, J., Shiekh T.A., Bahar F.A., Dar, K.A., Raja, W., Wani, R.A., & Khuroo, N.S. (2018). Yield and quality of winter cereal-legume fodder mixtures and their pure stand under temperate conditions of Kashmir Valley, India. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 7(2), 3626-3631.
Baradari Bajeh, Baj, J., Nasri, M., & Zarghami, R. (2013). Yield evaluation and components of canola (Hyola-401) species in different densities of seeds influenced by chemical, farmyard manure, vermicompost and biological fertilizers. International Journal of Agricultural Crop Science, 6, 305-612.
Barzali, M., Nasri, M., & Karimifar, M. (2016). Effect of plant density on some growth and physiological responses, and antioxidant enzymes activities of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under different irrigation levels. Journal of Plant Environmental Physiology, 11, 25-38.
Canevary, W.M. (2006). Weeds in seeding alfalfa. University of California. UC ANR publication 3430. USA.
Chang, K.F., Ahmed, H.U., Hwang, S.F., Gossen, R.J., Warkentin, T.D., Strelkov, S.E., & Blade, S.F. (2007). Impact of cultivar, row spacing and seeding rate on ascochyta blight severity and yield of chickpea. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 87, 395-403.
Challaiah, R.E., Burnside, O.C., Wicks, G.A., & Johnson, V.A. (1986). Competition between winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars and downy brome (Bromus tectorum). Weed Science, 34, 689- 693.
Chauhan, B.S. (2012). Weed ecology and weed management strategies for dryseeded rice in Asia. Weed Technology, 26, 1-13.
Drew, E., Vadakattua, G., & Lawrence, L. (2006). Herbicide limit nitrogen fixation ability farming ahead. Crop Puls. 176, 28-30.
Ebrahimi M., Pouryousef M., Rastgoo M., & Saba J. (2012). Effect of sowing date, plant density and weeds on soybean (Glycine max L.) growth Indices. Journal of Plant Protection, 26, 178-190. (In Persian).
Gaur, P.M., Tripathi, S., Gowda, C.L.L., Ranga Rao, G.V., Sharma, H.C., Pande, S., & Sharma, M. (2010). Chickpea Seed Production Manual. Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India: International Crops Research. Institute for the Semi- Arid Tropics. 28 p.
 Hosseini S.M.N., Mansourifar, C., & Saeidi, M. (2020). Effect of irrigation cut from initiation of flowering and podding till maturity on yield and its components in prevalent chickpea cultivars in Kermanshah region. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research, 11, 136-175.
Icek, N.C., & Akirlar, H.C. (2008). Effects of salt stress on some physiological and photosynthetic parameters at three different temperatures in six soya bean (Glycine max L.) cultivars. Agronomy & Crop Science, 194, 34-46.
Javadi, H., Rashed Mohassel, M., & Azari Nasrabad, E. (2008). Effect of plant density on agronomic characteristics chlorophyll content and stem remobilization percentage in four grain sorghum (sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) varieties. Iranin Journal of Crop Research, 5(2), 271-279. (In Persian).
Jukanti, A.K., Gaur, P.M., Gowda, C.L., & Chibbar, R.N. (2012). Nutritional quality and health benefits of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.): a review. British Journal of Nutrition, 108, 11-26.
Kavurmaci, Z., Karadavut, U., Kokten, K., & Bakoglu, A. (2010). Determining critical period of weed-crop competition in faba bean (Vicia faba). International Journal of Agricultural Biology, 12, 318-320.
Khan, I.A., Khan, R., Hassan, G., Waqas, M., Shah, S.M.A., & Khan, S.A. (2018). Integrated approaches for weed suppression in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) under residual moisture after rice crop. Planta Daninha, 36, 1-18.
Kobraee, S., Shamsi, K., & Rasekhi, B. (2010). Investigation of correlation analysis and relationships between grain yield and other quantitative traits in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). African Journal of Biotechnology, 9(16), 2342-2348.
Kropff, M., & Van laar, H.H. (1993). Modeling crop-weed interactions. CAB international. Wallingford. UK.
Kujur, A., Upadhyaya, H.D., Bajaj, D., Gowda, C.L.L., Sharma, S., Tyagi, A.K., & Paridam S.K. (2016). Identification of candidate genes and natural allelic variants for QTLs governing plant height in chickpea. Scientific Reports, 6, 27968.
Liu, P., Gan, Y., Warkentin, T., & Mc Donald, C. (2003). Morphological plasticity of chickpea in a semiarid environment. Crop Science. 43, 426-429.
Majnoun Hosseini, N., Mohammadi, H., Pustini, K., & Zeinali Khanghah, H. (2003). Effect of plant density on agronomic characteristics, chlorophyll content and stem remobilization percentage in chickpea cultivars (Cicer arietinum L.). Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science, 34(4), 1011-1019. (In Persian).
Maleky, A., Heidary Moghaddam, A., Siyadat, S.A., & Tahmasebi, A. (2011). Effect of supplemental irrigation on yield, yield components and seed protein percentage of three chickpea cultivars in Ilam. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology, 19(5), 65-78. (In Persian).
Martin, S.F., Van Acker, R.C., & Friesen, L.F. (2001). Critical period of weed control in spring canola. Weed Science, 49, 326-333.
Merga, B., & Alemu, N. (2019. Integrated weed management in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Cogent Food Agriculture, 5, 1-18.
 Nakhzari Moghaddam, A., Parsa, N., Sabouri, H.,  & Bakhtiari S. (2017). The effect of humic acid, density and supplementary irrigation on quantity and quality of local chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) of Neishabur. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 10, 183-192.  
Namdari, A., Kanouni, H., Ahmadi, H., & Ismaili, A. (2019). Evaluation of some agricultural characteristics of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes in autumn dryland sowing in Kurdistan province. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 51, 1-14.
Nawab, N.N., Subhani G.M., & Ullah, M.N. (2013). Patterns of morphological diversity and character association in chickpea genotypes through multivariate approach. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 23(4), 1107-1114.
Nourollahi, F., Mohammaddoust-Chamanabad, H.R., Hasanpanah, D., & Anvar, M. (2020). Evaluating the Competitive Ability of Potato Cultivars with Weeds. Journal of Crop Improvement, 22, 657-669.
Padhi, E.M.T., & Ramdath, D.D. (2017). A review of the relationship between pulse consumption and reduction of cardiovascular disease risk factors. Journal of Functional Foods, 38, 635-643.
Pang, J., Wang, Y., Lambers, H., Tibbett, M., Siddique, K.H.M., & Ryan, M.H. (2013). Commensalism in an agroecosystem: hydraulic redistribution by deep-rooted legumes improves survival of a droughted shallow-rooted legume companion. Physiologia Plantarum, 49, 79-90.
Pirzahiri, K., Kanouni, H., & Rokhzadi, A. (2020). Response of some Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties to Changes in Plant Density. Joural of Crop Ecophysiology, 14, 293-310.
Rashidzadeh, B.A., Elahifard, E., Siahpoush, A., & Farkhari, M. (2019). Effect of crop density and sowing date on the growth indices and weed control of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.).  Electronic Journal of Crop Production, 12, 53-68.
Sadeghzadeh Ahari, D. (2020). Evaluation of chickpea genotypes responses to supplementary irrigation in Maragheh region. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research, 11, 88-99.
Saleeb, S.R., & Al-Assily, K.A. (2001). Effect of irrigation regime and some weed control treatments on lentil yield and associated weeds. Annals of Agricultural Sciences. (Cario), 46(2), 605-617.
Swanton, C.J., & Weise, S.F. 1999. Integrated weed management: The rational and approach. Weed Technology, 5, 657-663.
Watson, P.R., Derksen, D.A., & Van Acker, R.C. (2006). The ability of 29 barley cultivars to compete and withstand competition. Weed Science, 54, 783-792.
Zakeri Nezhad, R., Yousefi Rad, M., & Hani, A. (2016). Effect of supplemental irrigation on yield and yield components of dried chickpea in Azad cultivar in Kharaghan area, Markazi province. Third National Conference on Modern Issues in Agriculture, Saveh, 28-32.
Zand, E., & Beckie, H. (2002). Competitive ability of hybrid and open pollination canola with wild oat. Candian Journal of Plant Science, 82, 473-480.
به زراعی کشاورزی
دوره 24، شماره 3
مهر 1401
صفحه 841-853
فایل ها
هم رسانی
ارجاع به این مقاله
آمار