نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت، پردیس علوم و تحقیقات خوزستان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران. رایانامه: soleymani877@pnu.ac.ir

2 نویسنده مسئول، گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران. رایانامه: mojaddam@iauahvaz.ac.ir

3 گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران. رایانامه: lack@iauahvaz.ac.ir

4 گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران. رایانامه: Alavifazel@iauahvaz.ac.ir

چکیده

کاربرد ازتوباکتر به‌عنوان جایگزین یا همراه مناسب کود شیمیایی نیتروژن با کارایی بالاتر نهاده‌ها در گیاه گلرنگ به‌عنوان یک گیاه سازگار به اقلیم‌های گوناگون از جمله راه‌کارهای کشاورزی پایدار است. بر این اساس به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر ازتوباکتر و کود شیمیایی نیتروژن بر میزان جذب نیتروژن، نیتروژن دانه وکاه و کلش، شاخص‌های کارایی نیتروژن و عملکرد دانه شش ژنوتیپ‌ گلرنگ تحت شرایط دیم، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در دو سال زراعی 95-1394 و 96-1395 در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی سرابله در استان ایلام اجرا شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل ترکیبی از تلقیح بذر با ازتوباکتر همراه با مصرف کود شیمیایی اوره در چهار سطح (بدون مصرف هیچ منبع کودی (شاهد)، تلقیح بذر با ازتوباکتر، تلقیح بذر با ازتوباکتر+ 50 درصد نیتروژن از منبع اوره  و 100 درصد نیتروژن از منبع کود شیمیایی اوره) و شش ژنوتیپ گلرنگ بود. نتایج تجزیه واریانس مرکب برای دو سال نشان داد که اثرات اصلی منبع کود نیتروژن و ژنوتیپ و هم‌چنین اثر برهم‌کنش سال× منبع نیتروژن بر کلیه صفات اندازه‌گیری‌شده و شاخص‌های کارایی نیتروژن معنی‌دار بودند. نتایج مقایسه میانگین‌ها نشان داد که تیمار تلقیح با ازتوباکتر+ 50 درصد کود شیمیایی نیتروژن نسبت به تیمار 100 درصد مصرف کود شیمیایی نیتروژن کارایی مصرف نیتروژن بالاتری داشت و نیز تفاوت معنی‌داری در عملکرد دانه بین این دو تیمار وجود نداشت، ژنوتیپ سینا با داشتن بیش‌ترین عملکرد دانه و بالاترین کارایی مصرف نیتروژن در مقایسه با سایر ژنوتیپ‌ها برای کشت در شرایط دیم منطقه مطلوب‌تر است. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Nitrogen Efficiency Indices in Safflower Genotypes under the Influence of Different Nitrogen ‎Sources in Rainfed Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • abas soleymanifard 1
  • mani mojaddam 2
  • shahram lack 3
  • mojtaba alavi fazel 4

1 Department of Agronomy, Khuzestan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran. E-mail: soleymani877@pnu.ac.ir

2 Corresponding Author, Department of Agronomy, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran. E-mail: mojaddam@iauahvaz.ac.ir

3 Department of Agronomy, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran. E-mail: lack@iauahvaz.ac.ir

4 Department of Agronomy, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran. E-mail: Alavifazel@iauahvaz.ac.ir

چکیده [English]

Application of Azotobacter as a substitute or suitable companion of nitrogen chemical fertilizer with higher efficiency of inputs in safflower plant as a plant adapted to different climates is one of the sustainable agricultural strategies. Therefore, in order to study the effects of Azotobacter chroococcum and nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen uptake, grain nitrogen and straw, nitrogen efficiency indices and grain yield of six safflower genotypes under rainfed conditions, a factorial experiment has been conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in during growing season of 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 at the Agricultural Research Station Sarableh in Ilam Province. Experimental factors inoculate a combination of seed inoculation with Azotobacter chroococcum with urea chemical fertilizer application at four levels (non-inoculated with Azotobacter chroococcum and urea as control, seed inoculation with Azotobacter, inoculation with Azotobacter chroococcum + 50 Percent N from urea, and inoculation with Azotobacter chroococcum + 100% N from Urea) and six genotypes of safflower. The combined analysis of variance for two years show that the main effects of nitrogen source and genotype and also year× nitrogen source have had significant effect on all of the measured traits and nitrogen efficiency indices. The results from comparison of means show that inoculation treatment with Azotobacter chroococcum + 50% nitrogen fertilizer had higher Nitrogen use efficiencythan 100% nitrogen fertilizer use, with no significant difference in grain yield between the two treatments. Sina genotype with the highest grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency, compared to other genotypes, is more desirable for cultivation in rainfed conditions of the region.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Azotobacter
  • Grain yield
  • Nitrogen uptake
  • Nitrogen use efficiency
  • Straw nitrogen
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