نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار، دانشکده کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر گونه­های قارچ مختلف مایکوریزا و سطوح تنش خشکی بر ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیک ارقام نخود آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در گلخانه مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کردستان در سال 1399 انجام گرفت. فاکتور­ها شامل آبیاری در سه سطح (شاهد، تنش متوسط و تنش شدید)، کاربرد قارچ مایکوریزا در چهار سطح (Funneliformis mosseae، Simiglomus hoi، Rhizophagus irregularis و عدم تلقیح (شاهد)) و رقم نخود در دو سطح (ILC-482 و پیروز) بود. نتایج نشان داد که سطح تنش تأثیر معنی­داری بر صفات مورد ارزیابی داشتند، به‌طوری‌که با کاهش میزان آب قابل دسترس گیاه وزن خشک و محتوای کلروفیل کاهش یافت. میزان فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز در شرایط تنش شدید در مقایسه با تنش متوسط و عدم تنش خشکی به‌ترتیب تا 37 و 9/71 درصد در رقم پیروز و تا 4/69 و 6/82 درصد در رقم ILC-482 افزایش پیدا کرد. در رقم ILC-482  بیش‌ترین میزان فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز در شرایط تنش شدید مشاهده شد که تقریباً نسبت به تیمار عدم تنش دو برابر افزایش یافت. فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز تحت تأثیر کاربرد قارچ مایکوریزا قرار گرفت، به‌طوری‌که گیاهان تلقیح‌شده با گونه G. mosseae بیش‌ترین و عدم تلقیح با مایکوریزا کم‌ترین میزان فعالیت پراکسیداز را دارا بودند. در تنش شدید کم‌ترین میزان مالون­دی­آلدهید با کاربرد گونه G. mosseae حاصل شد. تلقیح نخود با قارچ مایکوریزا می­تواند به‌عنوان راه‌کاری در جهت بهبود رشد در شرایط عدم تنش و افزایش مقاومت در شرایط تنش خشکی مد­نظر قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Species on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Cultivars under Drought Stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maryam Falahatkar Gangi 1
  • Weria Weisany 2
  • Marjan Diyanat 2

1 M.Sc. Student, Department of Agricultural Sciences and Food Industries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Sciences and Food Industries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

In order to investigate the effect of different mycorrhizal fungai species and drought stress levels on physiological characteristics of chickpea cultivars, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in the greenhouse of Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center in 2020. Its factors include irrigation at three levels (optimal irrigation at field capacity, moderate stress, and severe stress), application of mycorrhizal fungus at four levels (mosseae, Simiglomus hoi, Rhizophagus irregularis, and no inoculation (control)) and chickpea cultivar at two levels (ILC-482 and Pirooz). Results show that irrigation level has had a significant effect on the evaluated traits. Thus, by decreasing the amount of available plant water, both dry weight and chlorophyll content drops. Catalase activity increases under severe stress, compared to moderate stress and lack of drought stress up to 37% and 71.9% in Pirooz cultivar and up to 69.4% and 82.6% in ILC-482 cultivar, respectively. In case of the latter, the highest peroxidase activity is observed in severe stress conditions, which almost doubled compared to non-stress treatment. The activity of peroxidase enzyme is affected by the use of mycorrhizal fungi so that plants inoculated with G. mosseae has had the highest and non-inoculation with mycorrhiza the lowest peroxidase activity. In severe stress, the lowest amount of malondialdehyde has been obtained using G. mosseae. Inoculation of chickpeas with mycorrhizal fungi can be considered as a way to improve growth in non-stress conditions and increase tolerance to drought stress conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chlorophyll
  • Dry weight
  • Malondialdehyde
  • Peroxidase
  • Pirooz
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