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‌فراتحلیل برخی عامل‌های زراعی مؤثر بر کاهش عملکرد ذرت علوفه‌ای در ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

2 دانشیار موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

3 استادیار، بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اصفهان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اصفهان، ایران.

4 دانشیار، گروه علوم زراعی و اصلاح نباتات، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، پاکدشت، ایران.

چکیده

این مطالعه به‌منظور جزئی‌سازی عامل‌های مدیریتی تأثیرگذار و تأثیرپذیر در امر تولید ذرت علوفه‌ای در کشور و شناسایی عوامل محدودکننده آن انجام شد. در این بررسی داده‌های به‌دست‌آمده از 43 مورد گزارش نهایی سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی و یا مقاله‌های مستخرج از آن‌ها طی 10 سال اخیر با استفاده از روش فراتحلیل (متاآنالیز) تجزیه‌وتحلیل شدند. براساس نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه در رابطه با گیاه ذرت علوفه‌ای مشاهده شد که تراکم 65/5 درصد، تنش خشکی 44/13- درصد، رقم 31/0 درصد، تاریخ کاشت 54/2- درصد و کود نیتروژن 00/24 درصد از تغییرات عملکرد علوفه ذرت را توجیه کردند. نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که با افزایش تراکم بوته بین 80 تا 100 هزار بوته در هکتار، عملکرد حدود 49/9 درصد افزایش معنی‌داری یافت. در شرایط تنش ملایم، تنش شدید و تنش خیلی شدید خشکی، عملکرد علوفه ذرت به‌ترتیب 30/25، 38/14، 99/8 درصد، به‌طور معنی‌داری کاهش یافت. هم‌چنین در مورد ارقام مختلف و گروه‌های مختلف رسیدگی، گروه 700، 83/3 درصد افزایش عملکرد معنی‌داری نسبت به سایر گروه‌ها را موجب شده است. برای تاریخ‌های کاشت ذرت علوفه‌ای بررسی‌شده نسبت به شاهد که نیمه اول خردادماه است کاهش عملکرد علوفه مشاهده شد. در نهایت بیش‌ترین درصد افزایش عملکرد علوفه ذرت، از مصرف 450 کیلوگرم کود اوره در هکتار حاصل شد. به‌طورکلی کود نیتروژن، تنش خشکی و تراکم کاشت به‌ترتیب به‌عنوان مهم‌ترین عوامل تأثیرگذار بر عملکرد علوفه ذرت در ایران شناخته شدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Meta-Analysis of Some Agronomic Factors Affected on Decreasing Forage Maize Yield in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Farhad Azizi 1
  • Ali Mahrokh 1
  • Vida Ghotbi 1
  • Farid Golzardi 1
  • Seyed Mohammad Ali Mofidian 1
  • Mohammad Zamanian 2
  • Vahid Rahjoo 1
  • Masoud Torabi 3
  • Elias Soltani 4

1 Assistant Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.

3 3. Research Department, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Isfahan, Iran.

4 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy Sciences and Plant Breeding, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran.

چکیده [English]

To identify the limiting factors in forage maize production in Iran, this study has been carried out in order to separate the effective and influential management factors in forage maize production in the country with data. It is obtained from 43 final reports or their derived extracted articles in Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) with meta-analysis method. According to the results, plant density (5.65%), drought stress (-13.44%), cultivar (0.31%), planting date (2.54%), and nitrogen fertilizer (24%) justify the amount of forage maize variation. Based on the results of this study, forage yield has increased by about 9.49%, increasing plant density between 80 to 100 thousand plants per hectare. Maize forage yield has decreased significantly under mild stress, severe stress, and very severe drought stress by 25.30%, 14.38% and 8.99%, respectively. Also, for different cultivars and different groups of maturity, group-700 has had a significant increase of 3.83% compared to other groups. For the planting dates of forage maize compared to the control, which is the first half of June, a decrease in forage yield is observed. Finally, the highest percentage of increase in maize forage yield has been obtained from the use of 450 kg ha-1 of urea fertilizer. Overall, nitrogen fertilizer, drought stress, and planting density are recognized as the most important factors affecting corn forage yield in Iran, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Drought stress
  • maturity group
  • nitrogen fertilizer
  • planting date
  • planting density
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به زراعی کشاورزی
دوره 24، شماره 3
مهر 1401
صفحه 793-805
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