نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران.

3 پژوهش‌گر، مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، رشت، ایران.

چکیده

با وجود پیشرفت صنعت دامپروری در ایران، به تولید گیاهان علوفه­ای متناسب با این پیشرفت توجه نشده است. از این­رو، این مطالعه در سال 1396، با ضرورت تولید خوراک برای تغذیه دام و طیور و با هدف تعیین بهترین تراکم و تاریخ کاشت بر ویژگی‌های کمی و کیفی علوفه گوار، در ایستگاه مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور- رشت واقع در روستای گیل پرده­سر سنگر به اجرا درآمد. در این آزمایش چهار تاریخ کاشت (٢٢ اردیبهشت‌ماه، ٥ خردادماه، ١٩ خردادماه و ٢ تیرماه) و سه تراکم بوته (200، 400  و 600 هزار بوته در هکتار) به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار موردارزیابی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که تاریخ کاشت 5 خردادماه و تراکم 600 هزار بوته در هکتار از لحاظ عملکرد علوفه تر (02/35 تن در هکتار)، پروتئین خام (02/19 درصد)، ماده خشک (35/54 درصد) و کربوهیدرات­ (12/26 درصد) بر دیگر تاریخ­های کاشت و تراکم بوته تحت آزمایش برتری داشت. بیش­ترین عملکرد علوفه خشک (1/6 تن در هکتار) و الیاف نامحلول در شوینده خنثی (23/58 درصد) در تاریخ کاشت 22 اردیبهشت‌ماه و تراکم 600 هزار بوته در هکتار مشاهده شد. میزان فیبر خام با تأخیر در کاشت افزایش پیدا کرد، اما مقدار خاکستر تحت تأثیر تاریخ و تراکم­های مختلف کاشت قرار نگرفت. با توجه به نتایج به­دست‌آمده در پژوهش حاضر، جهت حصول بالاترین کمیت و کیفیت علوفه گیاه گوار در استان گیلان، تاریخ کاشت 5 خرداد و تراکم 600 هزار بوته در هکتار توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Planting Date and Plant Density on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Guar Forage (Cluster Beans)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohaddese Heydarzade 1
  • Seyed MohammadReza Ehteshami 2
  • Mohammad Rabiee 3

1 Former M.Sc. Student, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Iran.

3 Researcher, Rice Research Institute, Rasht, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Despite the progress of the livestock industry in Iran, the production of forage plants commensurate with this development has not been considered. Therefore, this study has been conducted during 2017, with the need to produce feed for livestock and poultry and with the aim of determining the best density and planting date on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Guar forage. Taking place in the Rasht Rice research Institute-station located in the Village of GilPordehsar in the Sangar city, it evaluates four planting date (May 12, May 26, June 9, and June 23) and three plant densities (200, 400 and 600 plant.ha-1) factorially in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results show that the planting date of May 26 and the density of 600 plant.ha-1 in terms of fresh forage yield (35.02 t/ha), crude protein (19.02%), dry matter (54.35%), and carbohydrate (26.12%) are superior to other planting dates and plant density under test. The highest yield of dry forage (6.1 t/ha) and neutral detergent fiber (58.23%) has been observed on May 12 and a density of 600 plant.ha-1. The amount of crude fiber has increased with delay in planting, but the percentage of Ash is not affected by different planting dates and densities. According to the results, in order to obtain the highest quantity and quality of forage in Guilan Province, the planting date of May 26 and the density of 600 plant.ha-1 is recommended.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Dry matter
  • Fiber
  • Forage yield
  • Protein
  • Soluble carbohydrates
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