نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران. رایانامه: soltanzade92@uoz.ac.ir

2 نویسنده مسئول، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران. رایانامه: E.seyedabadi@uoz.ac.ir

3 گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران. رایانامه: ghanbari@uoz.ac.ir

4 گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران. رایانامه: dr.dahmardeh@uoz.ac.ir

چکیده

به‌منظور ارزیابی بعضی ویژگی‌های مورفولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی گیاه کینوا (Chenopodium quinoa)، آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‏های خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 99-1398 در مزرعه پژوهشی دانشگاه زابل اجرا شد. در این آزمایش عامل اصلی ورمی‏کمپوست در سه سطح (صفر، 5 و 10 تن در هکتار) و عامل فرعی کود شیمیایی در چهار سطح (25، 50، 75 و 100درصد میزان توصیه‌شده) در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد که اثر ساده ورمی‏کمپوست بر صفات مورفولوژیکی شامل ارتفاع بوته، وزن هزاردانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، عملکرد دانه و شاخص برداشت معنی‏دار می‏باشد. هم‌چنین اثر متقابل ورمی‏کمپوست و کود شیمیایی بر ویژگی‌های شیمیایی شامل پروتئین و رنگدانه‏های فتوسنتزی معنی‏دار بود. بیش‌ترین ارتفاع بوته (75/47 سانتی‏متر)، وزن هزاردانه (56/2 گرم)، عملکرد دانه (64/1500 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، عملکرد بیولوژیک (2/3953 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و شاخص برداشت (38 درصد) از کاربرد 10 تن ورمی‏کمپوست در هکتار و بالاترین میزان پروتئین و رنگدانه‏های فتوسنتزی از کاربرد تلفیقی 10 تن ورمی‏کمپوست و 50 درصد کود شیمیایی (25 کیلوگرم در هکتار اوره، 50 کیلوگرم در هکتار سوپرفسفات‏تریپل و  50 کیلوگرم در هکتار سولفات‌پتاسیم) در هکتار حاصل شد. نتایج کلی این آزمایش تأثیر مثبت مصرف هم‌زمان کود ورمی‏کمپوست و کود شیمیایی را بر ویژگی‌های مورفولوژیکی و شیمیایی کینوا نشان داد. به‌طوربه‌طوری‌که بیش‌ترین میزان پروتئین و رنگدانه‏های فتوسنتزی از تیمار 50 درصد کود شیمیایی و 10 تن ورمی‏کمپوست در هکتار به‌دست آمد. هم‌چنین بیش‌ترین ارتفاع بوته، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک و شاخص برداشت از مصرف 10 تن ورمی‏کمپوست در هکتار حاصل شد. می‏توان نتیجه گرفت که استفاده تلفیقی از کودهای شیمیایی و ورمی‏کمپوست می‏تواند ضمن افزایش عملکرد کینوا باعث کاهش مصرف کودهای شیمیایی و در نتیجه کاهش آثار زیست‏محیطی ناشی از آن‌ها شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Chemical Fertilizers and Vermicompost on Morphological and Chemical Characteristics of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Afsaneh Soltanzadeh 1
  • Ahmad Ghanbari 2
  • Esmaeel Seyedabadi 3
  • Mahdi Dahmardeh 4

1 Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran. E-mail: soltanzade92@uoz.ac.ir

2 Corresponding Author, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran. E-mail: E.seyedabadi@uoz.ac.ir

3 Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran. E-mail: ghanbari@uoz.ac.ir

4 Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran. E-mail: dr.dahmardeh@uoz.ac.ir

چکیده [English]

In order to evaluate some morphological and chemical characteristics of quinoa, a split plot experiment has been conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications during 2019-2020 cropping season, at the Agricultural Research Station of University of Zabol, Iran. Vermicompost at three levels (0, 5 and 10 ton/ha) has been considered the main factor and chemical fertilizer at four levels (25, 50, 75 and 100%), the sub-factor. The main effect of vermicompost is significant on morphological traits such as plant height, 1000-seed weight, biological yield, grain yield, and harvest index. Interaction of vermicompost and chemical fertilizer is significant on chemical properties, including proteins and photosynthetic pigments. Application of 10 tons of vermicompost per hectare leads to the maximum level of plant height, 1000-seed weight, biological yield, grain yield, and harvest index. Also, the highest amount of photosynthetic proteins and pigments are achieved from combined application of 10 tons/ha of vermicompost and 50% chemical fertilizer (25 kg/ha Urea+ 50 kg/ha triple superphosphate + 50 kg/ha potassium sulfate). Totally, results show the positive effects of vermicompost on the morphological and chemical properties of quinoa. It can be concluded that the combined use of chemical fertilizers and vermicompost can increase the yield of quinoa, while reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and thus reduce the environmental impacts caused by them..

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Grain yield
  • Organic fertilizer
  • Plant height
  • Photosynthetic pigments
  • Protein
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