نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران.

3 دانشیار، بخش تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

4 استادیار، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران.

چکیده

یکی از عوامل بیماری‌زای گیاهان از جمله انار، نماتد‎های مولد گره ریشه (Meloidogyne spp.) هستند که خسارت‌های قابل­توجهی به این محصول مهم صادراتی وارد می‌سازند. با توجه به اهمیت موضوع در سال زراعی 98-1397 در دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه لرستان پژوهشی با تیمارهایی شامل کودهای آلی کمپوست (40، 60 و 80 تن در هکتار)، ورمی­کمپوست (40 تن در هکتار) و ماده تجاری ماری‌گلد (200، 300 و400 گرم در مترمربع) روی گونه غالب Meloidogyne javanica، در شرایط گلخانه، به­صورت طرح کاملاً تصادفی روی نهال‌های انار انجام شد. شاخص‌های اندازه­گیری، شامل تعداد گال روی ریشه، تعداد کیسه تخم و جمعیت نهایی تعداد تخم و لارو سن دوم موجود در گرم خاک و ریشه و فاکتورهای رشدی نهال‌های انار بودند. فاکتور تولیدمثل و درصد کاهش و یا افزایش جمعیت نماتد مولد گره ­ریشه، در هر تیمار نسبت به جمعیت اولیه‌ همان تیمار محاسبه شد. نتایج نشان داد تیمار ورمی­کمپوست (40 تن در هکتار) با کاهش جمعیت 35/94 درصد تعداد تخم و لارو بیش‌ترین اثر را در کاهش جمعیت نماتد مولد گره ریشه نسبت به سایر تیمارها داشته ­است. تیمارهای ماری‌گلد 400، 300 و 200 گرم در مترمربع به‌ترتیب با 47/93، 21/91 و 65/92 درصد کاهش جمعیت نماتد و تیمارهای کمپوست 80، 60 و 40 تن در هکتار به‌ترتیب با 67/89، 55/86 و 81/86 درصد کاهش در مراتب بعدی قرار گرفتند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Some Organic and Biological Fertilizers on Depopulation of Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) in Pomegranate

نویسندگان [English]

  • Razieh Assadi 1
  • Mostafa Darvishnia 2
  • Mehdi Nasr Esfahani 3
  • Eidy Bazgir 4
  • Samira Pakbaz 4

1 Former M.Sc. Student, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, KhorramAbad, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, KhorramAbad, Iran.

3 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Protection Research Division, Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources, Esfahan, Iran.

4 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, KhorramAbad, Iran.

چکیده [English]

One of the most important pathogens in plants such as pomegranate, are root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) which cause considerable damage to this important export product. Due to the importance of this subject, an study has been conducted between 2018 and 2019 in the Faculty of Agriculture of Lorestan University. The treatments include organic fertilizer (40, 60, and 80 t/ha.), vermicompost (40 t/ha.) and Marygld product (200, 300 and 400 g/m2) with the study, itself, being in a completely random design on the dominant root-knot nematodes species, M. javanica under greenhouse conditions on pomegranate seedlings. The measurement indicators include gall index, the number of egg sacs, and the final population of egg and J2 larvae in the soil and the roots, as well as growth factors of pomegranate seedlings. Reproduction factor and the percentage of increase/decrease of root knot nematode population, have been calculated in each treatment compared to the initial population of the same treatment. Results show vermicompost (40 t/ha.) with 94.35% reduction in population of egg and larvae has had the highest effect on reducing the nematode population compared to other treatments. Marygld 400, 300, and 200 g/m2 treatments are ranked next, with a reduction of 93.47%, 91.21%, and 92.65% in nematode population, respectively followed by by nematode reduction of the composts of 80, 60, and 40 t/ha by 89.67%, 86.55%, and 86.81% respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biological control
  • ."
  • compost"
  • Marigold"
  • Meloidogyne javanica"
  • "
  • vermicompost"
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