نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

3 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

چکیده

به­منظور بررسی تأثیر متانول و تلقیح بذر با باکتری­های محرک رشد بر مؤلفه­های پرشدن دانه، محتوای کلروفیل و عملکرد گلرنگ (Carthamus tinctorius L.) تحت سطوح مختلف آبیاری، آزمایشی به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی در سال 1399 اجرا شد. عوامل موردبررسی شامل آبیاری (آبیاری کامل به­عنوان شاهد، قطع آبیاری در50 درصد مراحل تکمه‌دهی و گلدهی)، کودهای زیستی (عدم کاربرد به­عنوان شاهد، تلقیح بذر با فلاوباکتریوم، سودوموناس، کاربرد هم‌زمان فلاوباکتریوم و سودوموناس) و محلول‌پاشی متانول (محلول‌پاشی با آب به­عنوان شاهد و محلول‌پاشی 10 و 20 درصد حجمی متانول) بود. نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد هم‌زمان فلاوباکتریوم، سودوموناس و محلول‌پاشی 20 درصد حجمی متانول تحت شرایط آبیاری کامل، محتوای کلروفیلa (57/41 درصد)، b (59/74 درصد) کلروفیل کل (33/49 درصد)، طول دوره و دوره مؤثر پرشدن دانه (به‌ترتیب 32/27 و 89/72 درصد)، عملکرد دانه (2/69 درصد) را نسبت به شرایط عدم کاربرد کودهای زیستی، متانول و آبیاری تا 50 درصد مرحله تکمه­دهی افزایش داد. به­طورکلی، نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد باکتری­های محرک رشد و متانول بواسطه بهبود محتوای کلروفیل و مؤلفه­های پرشدن دانه می­تواند عملکرد دانه را تحت شرایط محدودیت آبی افزایش دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of methanol and seed inoculation with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on grain filling components, chlorophyll content and yield of safflower under various irrigation levels

نویسندگان [English]

  • Raouf Seyed sharif 1
  • reza seyed sharifi 2
  • Hamed Narimani 3

1 Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.

3 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.

چکیده [English]

In order to study the effect of methanol and seed inoculation with plant growth promoting  rhizobacteria on grain filling components, chlorophyll content and grain yield of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under various irrigation levels, a factorial experiment has been conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2020. The experimental factors include irrigation (full irrigation as control, irrigation withholding at 50% heading-bud, and flowering stages), biofertilizers application (no application as control, seed inoculation with Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas and both application of Flavobacterium and Pseudomonas), and methanol foliar application: (foliar application with water as control and foliar application with 10% and 20% volume of methanol). The results show that the content chlorophyll a (41.57%), b (74.59%) and total chlorophyll (49.33%), grain filling period, and effective grain filling period (27.32% and 72.89% respectively) and grain yield (69.2%) have increased under full irrigation condition, foliar application 20% volume of methanol, and both application of Flavobacterium with Pseudomonas in comparison with irrigation withholding at 50% heading-bud and no application of biofertilizers and methanol. Generally, the results show that application of plant growth-promoting bacteria and methanol can increase grain yield of safflower by improving chlorophyll content and grain filling components under water limitation condition.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Drought
  • Flavobacterium
  • Grain filling
  • Methanol
  • Pseudomonas
Akhgar, A., & Khavaz, K. (2010). The roll of bacterial ACC deaminase enzyme on the alleviation of negative effects of salinity on canola growth. Journal  of  Water and Soil, 24(1), 154-165. (In Persian)
Amini, H., Arzani, A., & Bahrami, F. (2013). Seed yield and some physiological traits of safflower as affected by water deficit stress. International Journal of  Plant Production, 7(3), 598-614. (In Persian)
Arnon, A. (1967). Method of extraction of chlorophyll in the plants. Agronomy Journal, 23, 112-121.
Atarodi Asl, E., &  Khalilvand Behrouzyar, E. (2020). Effect of methanol and salicylic acid foliar application on some of physiological traits of winter wheat under limited irrigation. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 3(13), 815-82. (In Persian). https://DOI:10.22077/ESCS.2020.2199.1549
Baradaran Firouzabadi, M., Parsaeiyan, M., & Baradaran Firouzabadi, M. (2017). Agronomic and physiological response of Nigella sativa L. to ascorbate and methanol foliar application in water deficit stress. Journal of Plant Echophysiology, 8(30), 13-27. (In Persian)
Barrios, A. N., Hoogenboom, G., & Nesmith, D. S. (2005). Drought sress and the distribution of vegetative and Reproductive Traits of a Bean Cultivar. Scientia Agricola, 61, 18-22. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-90162005000100004.
Behdani, M. A., &  Jamil AL Mahdi, M. (2010). Response of spring safflower cultivarsto irrigation intervals in  Birjand condition. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 8(2), 315-323 (In Persian). http://     10.22067/GSC.V8I2.7529
Bosh, Z., Danesh Shahraki, A., Ghobadinia, M., & Saeedi, K. (2019). The effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on agro-morphological traits of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) under water deficit stress. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 12(2), 525-537. (In Persian). https:// 10.22077/ESCS.2018.1347.1282
Cakmakci, R. I., Donmez, M. F., & Erdogan, U. (2007). The effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on barely seedling growth, nutrient uptake, some soil properties, and bacterial counts, Turkish Journal of Agriculture, 31, 189-199.
Chandrasekhar, B. R., Ambrose, G., & Jayabalan, N. (2005). Influence of biofertilizer and nitrogen source level on the growth and yield of Echinochloa frumentacea (Roxb.) Link. Journal of Agricultural Technology, 1(2), 223 -234.
Downie, A., Miyazaki, S., Bohnert, H., John, P., Coleman, J., Parry, M., & Haslam, R. (2004). Expression profiling of the response of Arabidopsis thaliana to methanol stimulation. Phyto-Chemistry, 65, 2305-.2316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.07.006.
Ellis, R. H., &  Pieta-Filho, C. (1992). The  development of seed quality spring and winter cultivars of barley and wheat. Seed Science Research, 2, 19-25. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960258500001057
Farooq, M., Wahid, A., Kobayashi, N., Fujita, D., & Basra, S. M. A. (2009). Plant drought stress: effects, mechanisms and management. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 29, 185-212.
Faver, K. L., & Gerik, T. J. (1996). Foliar-applied methanol effects on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) gas exchange and growth. Field  Crops Research, 47, 227-234. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4290(96)00024-X
Galbally, I. E., & Kirstine, W. (2002). The production of methanol by flowering plants and the global cycle of methanol. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 43(3), 195-229.
Goksoy, A.T., Demir, A. O., Turan, Z. M., & Daustu, N. (2004). Responses of sunflower to full and limited irrigation at different growth stages, Field Crop Research, 87, 167-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2003.11.004
Gout, E., Aubert, S., Bligny, R., Rebeille, F., Nonomura, A. R., Benson, A., & Douce, R. (2000). Metabolism of methanol in plant cells. Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance studies. Plant Physiology, 123, 287-296. doi: 10.1104/pp.123.1.287.
Hadi, H., Seyed Sharifi, R., & Namvar, A. (2015). Phytoprotectants and Abiotic Stress. Urmia University. 452 pp. (In Persian).
Hanson, A. D., & Roje, S. (2001). One-carbon metabolism in higher plants. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 52(1), 119-137. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.52.1.119
Hosseinzadah, F., Satei, A., & Ramezanpour, M. R. (2011). Effects of mycorhiza and plant growth promoting rizobacteria on growth, nutrients uptake and physiological characteritics in Calendula officinalis L. Middle-East. Journal of  Science  Research, 8, 947-953. (In Persian)
Hussain, M. I., Lyra, D. A., Farooq, M., Nikoloudakis, N., & Khalid, N. (2016). Salt and drought stresses in safflower: a review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 36(1), 4-13. DOI 10.1007/s13593-015-0344-8
Ivanova, E. G., Dornina, N. V., & Trotsenko, Y. A. (2001). Aerobic methylobacteria are capable of synthesizing auxins. Microbiology, 70, 392-397.
Jiao, J., Chen, K., & Yi, C. (2010). Effects of soil moisture content on growth, physiological and biochemical characteristics of  Jatropha curcas L.. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 30, 4460-4466.
Mashi, A., Galeshi, S., Zeinali, E., & Noorinia, A., (2008). Salinity effect on seed yield and yield components in four Hull-les barley. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 14, 1-10.
Mauney, J. R., & Gerik, T. J. (1994). Evaluating methanol usage in Cotton. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conf., National Cotton Council of America Memphis, TN, USA, I. 39-40.
Naeimi  N., Yarnia M., & Khalilvand, E. (2013). The effects foliar application of methanol at different growth stages on kernel related traits in chickpea var. ILC 482.  Journal of Plant Echophysiology, 2(26), 147-157. (In Persian)
Nonomura, A. M., & Benson, A. (1992). The path of carbon in photosynthesis: improved crop yields with methanol. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 89, 9794-9798.
Oliviera-Neto, C. F., Silva-Lobato, A. K., Goncalves-Vidigal, M. C., Costa, R. C. L., Santos Filho, B. G., Alves, G. A. R., Silva-Maia, W. J. M., Cruz, F. J. R., Neres, H. K. B., & Santos Lopes, M. J. (2009). Carbon compounds and chlorophyll contents in sorghum submitted to water deficit during three growth stages. Science and Technology, 7(3&4), 588-593.
Patten, C. L., & Glick, B. R. (2002). Role of Pseudomonas putida indole acetic acid in development of the host plant root system. Applied Enviromental Microbiology, 8, 3795-3801. http:// 10.1128/AEM.68.8.3795-3801.2002
Raei, Y.,  Shariati, J., &  Weisany, W. (2015). Effect of biological fertilizers on seed oil, yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) at different irrigation levels. Journal of Agriculture Science and Sustainable Production, 25(1), 65-84. (In Persian)
Rajala, A., Karkkainen, J., Peltonen, J., & PeltonenSainio, P. (1998). Foliar application of alcohols failed to enhance growth and yield of C3 crops. Industrial Crops and Products, 7, 129-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-6690(97)00041-1
Ramberg, H. A., Bradley, J. S. C., Olson, J. N., Nishio, J., Markwell, C., & Osterman, J. C. (2002). The Role of methanol in promoting plant growth: An Update. Revew Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 1, 113-126.
Ramirez, I.F., Dorta, V., Espinoza. E., Jimenez, A., & Pena-Cortes, M. )2006(. Effect of foliar and root applications of methanol on the growth of Arabidopsis, tobacco and tomato plant. Journal  of  Plant Growth Regulation, 25, 30-44.
Reynolds, M. P., Ortizi-Monasterio, I., & McNab, A. (2001). Application of physiology in wheat breeding. CIMMYT, Mexico, 240 p.
Rezaie, F., Barary, M., Hatami, A., & Hassanein Khoshro, H. (2020). The effect of nano-potass fertilizer and methanol application on some physiological characters, yield and yield components of wheat. Plant Ecophysiology, 11, 180-191. (In Persian)
Ronanini, D., Savin, R., &  Hal, A. J. (2004). Dynamic of fruit growth and oil quality of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) exposed to brief interval of high temperature during grain filling. Field Crop Research, 83, 79-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4290(03)00064-9
Seyed Sharifi,  R., &  Seyed Sharifi, R. (2017). Effect of irrigation withholding, mycorrhiza application and nano (Fe and Zn) oxide on yield, rate and grain filling period of safflower (Carthamus tinctories L.). Journal of Ecophysiology, 11(36), 146-152. (In Persian)
Seyed Sharifi, R., & Seyed Sharifi, R. (2019). Effects of different irrigation levels, methanol application, and nano iron oxide on yield and grain filling components of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Journal of Crops Improvement, 21(1), 27-42. (In Persian)
 Seyed Sharifi, R., & Seyed Sharifi, R. (2020). Effects starter nitrogen, methanol and bio fertilizers application on yield, nodulation and grain filling period of rainfed Lentil. Journal of Crop Improvement, 22(3), 445-460. (In Persian) DOI:10.22059/JCI.2018.264647.2079
Suarez, C., Cardinalea, M., Rateringa, S., Steffensb, D., Jungb, S., Zapata, A. M., Rita, M., Plauma, G., & Schnella, S. (2015). Plant growth-promoting effects of Hartmannibacter diazotrophicus on summer barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under salt stress. Applied Soil Ecology, 95, 23-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2015.04.017
Tsuno, Y., Yamaguchi, T., & Nakano J. (1994). Potential dry matter production and grain filling process of rice plant from the viewpoint of sourcesink relationships and the role of root respiration in its relationship. Bull. Faculty of Agricultural. Tottori University, 47, 1-10.
Zahir, A. Z., Arshad, M., & Frankenberger, W. F. (2004). Plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria: applications and perspectives in agriculture. Advances in Agronomy, 81, 97-168.
Zbiec, I., Karczmarczyk, S., & Podsiadlo, C. (2003). Response of some cultivated plants to methanol as compared to supplemental irrigation. Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities Agronomy, 6(1), 1-7.