نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، مازندران، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، مازندران، ایران

3 استاد، گروه زراعت، پژوهشکده ژنتیک و زیست فناوری کشاورزی طبرستان، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.

4 استاد، گروه زراعت، دانشگاه آزاد واحد کرج، کرج، ایران.

چکیده

در این مطالعه، اثر کاربرد هم‌زمان بایوچار، باکتری آزوسپریلیوم لیپوفروم و نیتروژن در دو شیوه آبیاری غرقابی و تناوبی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد برنج (Oryza sativa L.) رقم طارم هاشمی بررسی شد. این آزمایش به‌صورت کرت­های دوبارخردشده برپایه طرح بلوک‌های‌ کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری در دو سال زراعی 1396 و 1397 انجام گرفت. تیمارهای موردمطالعه شامل شیوه آبیاری در دو سطح آبیاری غرقاب و آبیاری تناوبی به‌عنوان عامل اصلی و عامل فرعی تیمار کودی در نه سطح، 100، 75 و 50 درصد نیتروژن به‌همراه شاهد (بدون بایوچار)، 20 و 10 تن  بایوچار در هکتار و  نیز جدایه خالص باکتر‌ی آزوسپریلیوم لیپوفروم در دو سطح بدون مایه­زنی با نشا و با مایه­زنی با نشا به‌عنوان عامل فرعی فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. با توجه به معنی‌داری اثر عوامل موردبررسی بر صفات مورد اندازه­گیری، براساس یافته‌ها، کاربرد 20 تن بایوچار به‌همراه با 75 و 100 درصد نیتروژن توصیه‌شده بیش‌ترین تأثیر را بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد برنج در هر دو شیوه آبیاری تناوبی و غرقابی نشان داد. در مقایسه، میزان اثربخشی بایوچار در آبیاری تناوبی چشم‌گیرتر بود. بنابراین می‌توان چنین نتیجه گرفت که کاربرد 20 تن بایوچار به‌همراه با 75 و 100 درصد نیتروژن توصیه‌شده توانسته کاهش عملکرد ناشی از کاهش مصرف آب در آبیاری تناوبی را نسبت به آبیاری غرقاب تا اندازه زیادی جبران کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of combined application of biochar, Azospirillum lipoferum and nitrogen on yield and yield components of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in two flooding and intermittent irrigation methods

نویسندگان [English]

  • mohammad kaveh 1
  • mohammad ali esmaili 2
  • Hemmatollah Pirdashti 3
  • Mohammad Reza Ardakani 4

1 PhD student of Agronomy, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mazandaran, Iran.

2 Associate Professor of Agronomy, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mazandaran, Iran.

3 Professor, Department of Agronomy, Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.

4 Professor, Department of Agronomy, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran.

چکیده [English]

The present study investigates the effect of combined application of biochar, Azospirillium lipofrom bacteria and nitrogen in two flooding and intermittent irrigation methods on yield and yield components of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. ‘Tarom Hashemi’). The experiment is done in split-split plot arrangement based on a complete randomized block design with three replications at the research farm of Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University between two consecutive years of 2017 and 2018. The treatments are two irrigation methods (flooding and alternation irrigation regimes) as main plot and nine fertilizers levels (100%, 75%, and 50% nitrogen in combination with control (without biochar), 20 and 10 tons of biochar per hectare) and seedling inoculation with Azospirillum lipoferum (inoculation and non-inoculated control) as sub and sub-sub plots, respectively. According to the significance of the studied factors’ effects on the measured traits, application of 20 tons of biochar along with 75% to 100% of the recommended nitrogen show the greatest impact on rice yield and yield components in both intermittent and flooding irrigation methods. Since, the effectiveness of biochar in imtermittent irrigation is more significant, it can be concluded that the application of 20 tons of biochar per hectare plus 75% to 100% of the recommended nitrogen could greatly compensate the yield reduction due to reduced water consumption in intermittent irrigation, compared to the flooding irrigation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biological fertilizer
  • Chemical fertilizer
  • Grain yield
  • Irrigation method
  • Organic fertilizer
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