نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار پژوهش، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان شمالی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، بجنورد، ایران.

چکیده

به‌منظور ارزیابی عملکرد دانه ژنوتیپ­های گندم دیم در دو تاریخ کاشت و تعیین ارقام مناسب برای کاشت با تأخیر، آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت­های یک­بار خردشده با سه تکرار طی دو سال زراعی 1396-1394 در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی طرق در مشهد به‌اجرا درآمد. عامل اصلی تاریخ کاشت در دو سطح پاییزه و انتظاری و عامل فرعی ژنوتیپ‌های گندم در 16 سطح (14 رقم و دو لاین امیدبخش) و شامل ارقام آذر2، آفتاب، اوحدی، باران، دهدشت، رصد، ریژاو، سبلان، سرداری، قابوس، کراس­سبلان، کریم، کوهدشت و هما بود. نتایج نشان داد که زمان گلدهی ارقام متفاوت بود و در تاریخ کاشت­های موردبررسی هیچ‌یک از ارقام در دامنه دمایی مطلوب گلدهی را آغاز نکردند. از نظر عملکرد دانه نیز اختلاف معنی­داری بین ژنوتیپ­های موردبررسی وجود داشت و ارقام کریم و ریژاو به­ترتیب با میانگین 1430 و 1326 کیلوگرم در هکتار  بیش­ترین و ارقام اوحدی و رصد به­ترتیب با میانگین 893  و 925 کیلوگرم در هکتار کم­ترین عملکرددانه را نشان دادند، تفاوت بیش­ترین و کم­ترین میزان عملکرد دانه حدود 60 درصد بود. براساس نتایج با تأخیر در کاشت، گلدهی ارقام فاصله بیش­تری از شرایط مطلوب دمایی یافت و بنابراین تاریخ کاشت پاییزه توصیه می­شود. هم‌چنین برای کشت پاییزه، ارقام کریم و ریژاو و برای کشت انتظاری فقط ارقام بهاره نظیر کریم و آفتاب پیشنهاد می­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of response of wheat cultivars and lines to delay in planting date in Mashhad conditions

نویسنده [English]

  • alireza khodashenas

Assistant Professor, North Khorasan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Bojnord, Iran.

چکیده [English]

In order to evaluate grain yield of wheat cultivars in two planting dates and determination of proper cultivars for autumn and entezari culture, a study is carried out during two years, between 2015 and 2017 in Torogh research station in Mashhad. Two planting dates of autumn and entezari culture are the main plot and 16 genotypes of wheat (14 cultivars and 2 promising lines), including Baran, Rasad, Sardari, Sabalan, Crosssabalan, Rijav, Karim, Koohdasht, Dehdasht, Azar2, Homa, Ohadi, Ghaboos, and Aftab cultivars are the subplot. Results show that significant difference exist between cultivars in terms of agronomic characteristics and grain yield. Flowering date of cultivars differ and no cultivar start flowering in the optimum temperature range for flowering. Cultivars of Karim and Rijav with mean yield of 1430 and 1326 kg/ha, respectively, have had the maximum yield and cultivars of Ohadi and Rasad with mean yield of 893 and 925 kg/ha, respectively, the minimum. The difference between maximum and minimum grain yield is about 60%. Delay in planting leads to delay in pollination in all cultivars; therefore, autumn planting date could be recommended. Also for autumn planting, cultivars of Karim and Rijav can be advised and for entezari planting date only spring cultivars such as Karim and Aftab are recommended.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Dryland agriculture
  • entezari planting date
  • planting date
  • pollination
  • growth stages
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