نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه تکنولوژی تولیدات گیاهی، آموزشکده فنی‌مهندسی و کشاورزی دهلران، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران.

2 استادیار، بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع‌طبیعی استان ایلام، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایلام، ایران.

3 استادیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران.

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی نقش قارچ میکوریزا بر کارایی و سهم انتقال مجدد مواد فتوسنتزی جو دیم، آزمایشی تحت شرایط مزرعه به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی سرابله، ایلام در سال زراعی 99-1398 اجرا شد. تیمار­های آزمایشی شامل ارقام جو (محلی، ماهور، خرم و فردان) و منابع کودی شامل شاهد (عدم مصرف منابع کودی)، 50 درصد نیاز فسفر گیاه به‌صورت کود شیمیایی، قارچ میکوریزا، قارچ میکوریزا همراه با 50 درصد نیاز فسفر گیاه به‌صورت کود شیمیایی و 100 درصد نیاز فسفر گیاه به‌صورت کود شیمیایی بودند. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که اثر برهم‌کنش رقم در منابع کودی بر کارایی انتقال مجدد از سنبله، سهم انتقال مجدد سنبله در عملکرد دانه، کارایی انتقال مجدد از ساقه، سهم انتقال مجدد ساقه در عملکرد دانه، میزان فتوسنتز جاری، سهم فتوسنتز جاری و سرعت پرشدن دانه معنی­دار بود. برهم‌کنش رقم فردان در قارچ میکوریزا همراه با 50 درصد کود شیمیایی فسفر دارای بیش‌ترین کارایی انتقال مجدد از سنبله، سهم انتقال مجدد سنبله، میزان فتوسنتز جاری، سهم فتوسنتز جاری و سرعت پرشدن دانه بود. بیش‌ترین کارایی انتقال مجدد از ساقه، سهم انتقال مجدد ساقه در عملکرد دانه از برهم‌کنش رقم محلی در تیمار شاهد (عدم مصرف منابع کودی) به‌دست آمد. با توجه به نتایج به‌دست‌آمده نشان داده شد که در شرایط دیم منطقه رقم جدید فردان در قارچ میکوریزا همراه با 50 درصد کود شیمیایی فسفر، می­تواند توصیه شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study on remobilization of photosynthetic materials in Different Barley cultivars influenced by applications of different sources of fertilizer under dryland farming

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rahim Naseri 1
  • Amir Mirzaei 2
  • Amin Abbasi 3

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Production Technology, Dehloran Faculty of Agriculture and Engineering, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Ilam Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Ilam, Iran.

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran

چکیده [English]

In order to investigate the effect of mycorrhizl fungi on dry matter remobilization of barley in dryland conditions, a field experiment has been carried out in factorial analysis based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the farm station of Sarablah Agricultural Research Cente, Ilam during 2019-2020 cropping season. Experimental factors include different barley cultivars (Mahali, Mahoor, Khoram, and Fardan) and fertilizer application is the control (without fertilizer application), 50% P chemical fertilizer, mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mosseae, Glomus etunicatum and Rhizophagus irregularis), mycorrhizal fungi along with 50% P chemical fertilizer and 100% P chemical fertilizer. The results of this study indicate that the interaction of cultivar along with fertilizer application have had significant influence on dry matter remobilization efficiency from spike, contribution of spike reserves to grain yield, dry matter remobilization efficiency from stem, contribution of stem reserves to grain yield, current photosynthesis rate, contribution of current photosynthesis, and grain filling rate. Thus, the interaction of Fardan cultivar and mycorrhizal fungi along with 50% P chemical fertilizer has had the highest dry matter remobilization effeciency from spike, contribution of spike reserves to grain yield, current photosynthesis rate, contribution of current photosynthesis, and grain filling rate. In return, in this study the highest stem dry matter remobilization effeciency, contribution of stem reserves to grain yield, have been obtained from the interaction of Mahali cultivar along with control treatment. According to the results, in dryland conditions of the region, new cultivar of Fardan as well as mycorrhizal fungi along with 50% P chemical fertilizer can be recommended.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Current photosynthesis contribution
  • Remobilization
  • Remobilization efficiency
  • Spike
  • Stem
Abo-Ghalia, H.H., & Khalafallah, A.A. (2008). Responses of wheat plants associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to short-term water stress followed by recovery at three growth stages. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 4, 570-580.
Asrar, A.W.A., & Elhindi, K.M. (2011). Alleviation of drought stress of marigold (Tagetes erecta) plants by using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 18, 93-98.
Behl, K., Sharma, H., Kumar, V., & Narula, N. (2003). Interaction between mycorrhiza, Azotobacter chroococcum and root characteristics of wheat varieties. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 89, 151-155.
Ben Ghnaya, A. (2007). Morphological and physiological characteristics of rapeseed plants regenerated in vitro from thin cell layers in the presence of zinc. Plant Biology,330, 728-734.
Blum, A. (1998). Improving wheat grain filling under stress by stem reserve mobilization. Euphytica, 100, 77-83.
Brevedan, R.E., & Egli, D.B. (2003). Short periods of water stress during seed filling, leaf senescence, and yield of soybean. Crop Science, 43, 2083-2088.
Clark, R.B., & Zeto, S.K. (2000). Mineral acquisition by arbescular mycorrhizal plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 23, 876-902.
Ehdaie, B., Alloush, G.A., Madore, M.A., & Waines, J.G. (2006). Genotypic variation stem reserves and mobilization in wheat I. postanthesis change in internode dry matter. Crop Science, 46, 735-746.
Esmaielpour, B., & Amani, N. (2014). Investigating the effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on growth and uptake of nutrients in lactuca sativa cv Syaho. Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production, 4(2), 49-68. (In Persian).
Fagbola, O., Osonubi, O., Mulongox, K., & Odunfa, S.A. (2001). Effects of drought stress and arbuscular mycorrhiza on the growth of Gliricdia sepium (Jacq), Walp, Leucaenal leucocephala (Lam). De wit. In simulated eroded soil conditions. Mycorrhiza, 11, 215-223.
Forouzi, M., Ehteshami, S.H.R., Esfahani, M., & Rabiei, M. (2016). Study the amount of dry matter remobilization and current photosynthesis in different seed sizes of four wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars in Rasht climate. Iranian Journal of Seed Science and Research, 3(1), 47-61. (In Persian).
Gosling, P., Hodge, A., Goodlass, G., & Bending, G.D. (2006). Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi and organic farming. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 113, 17-35.
Gupta, M.L., Prasad, A., Ram, M., & Kumar, S. (2002). Effect of the vesiculararbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus Glomus fasiculatum on the essential oil yield related characters and nutrient acquisition in the crops of different cultivars of menthol mint (Mentha arvensis) under field conditions. Bioresource Technology, 81, 77-79.
Hassanpour, J., & Zand, B. (2014). Effect of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed inoculation with bio-fertilizers on reduction of drought stress damage. Iranian Journal of Seed Sciences and Research, 1(2), 1-12. (In Persian).
Heydarzadeh, S., Jalilian, J., Pirzad, A., & Jamei, R. (2018). The Effect of Biofertilizers on Some Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Vetch Maragheh (Vicia sp.) under Rainfed and Supplementary Irrigation. Science Agricultural and Sustainable Production, 28(3), 187-207. (In Persian).
Hokmalipour, S., & Sharifi, S.R. (2016). Effect of Seed Inoculation with Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobactria on Dry Matter Remobilization of Spring Barley at Different Levels of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizers. Iranian Journal of Soil Research, 29(4), 407-126. (In Persian).
Hoseininejad, S.M., Masoud Sinaki, J., Biabani, A., & Abedini, M. (2016). Effects of drought stress and mycorrhizae fungi application on yield and some agronomical and physiological characteristics of sunflower cultivars. Agronomy Journal (Pajouhesh & Sazandegi), 110(1), 95-102. (In Persian).
Huixing, S. (2005). Effects of VAM on host plant in the condition of drought stress and its mechanisms. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, 1, 44-48.
Jiriaie, M., Fateh, E., & Aynehband, A. (2014). The consequences of single and integrated application of Mycorrhiza and Azospirillum inoculants on yield and yield components of warm region wheat cultivars (Triticum spp.). Journal of Agroecology, 6(3), 520-528. (In Persian).
Kamari, H., SeyedSharifi, R., & Sedghi, M. (2014). Effect of Nano Zinc oxide foliar application and application of free-living nitrogen fixing bacteria on yield and morphophysiological characteristics of Triticale. Crop Physiology Journal, 6(22), 37-52. (In Persian).
Kheyrizadeh Azogh, Y., Seysharifi, R., Sedghi, M., & Barmaki, M. (2015). Effects of biofertilizers and nano zinc oxide on remobilization and some growth indices of triticale under water limitation conditions. Crop Physiology Journal, 7(26), 37-55. (In Persian).
Khosravi, H., & Mahmoudi, H. (2013). Evaluation of effects of Azotobacter inoculation and manure on growth of rainfed wheat. Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production, 3(2), 205-219. (In Persian).
Kumutha, K., Sempavalan, J., & Santhonakrishnan, P. (2004). Effect of insoluble phosphate and dual inoculation on soybean. In: Kannaiyan, S., Kumar, K., and Govindaraj (eds), K., Biofertilizer technology. Ascientific Publishers (India) Jodhpur, 2, 354-358.
Majdi, M., Jalal Kamali, M.R., Esmaeilzadeh Moghaddam, M., Eradatmand, Asli D., Moradi, F., & Tahmasbi, S. (2011). Variation n some agronomic characteristics and soluble stem carbohydrates content at anthesis in spring wheat genotypes under terminal drought stress conditions. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 13(2), 299-309. (In Persian).
Madani, A., Shirani Rad, A., Pazoki, A., Nourmohammadi, Gh., & Zarghami, R. (2010). Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain filling and dry matter partitioning responses to source: sink modifications under postanthesis water and nitrogen deficiency. Acta Scientiarum Agronomy, 32(1), 145-151. (In Persian).
Mehrpouyan, M., Zakavati, B., & Ajalli, J. (2012). A survey on reserve remobilization from different aerial organs in 10 common wheat genotypes (Tiriticum aestivum L.) under with and without drought stress conditions. Journal of Crop Production and Processing, 2(3), 69-82. (in Persian).
Mirtaheri, M., Syadat, S., Najafi, M.S., Fathi, G., & Alami Saeed, K. (2011). Effect of drought stress in remobilization of dry matter in five varieties of bread wheat. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 8(2), 308-314. (In Persian).
Naghashzadeh, M.R., Heidari Sharifabad, H., Majidi Heravan, E., Rafiee, M., Rejali, F., & Imantalab, N. (2014). Evaluation of Maize Leaf Gas Exchanges with Application of Mycorrhizal Biofertilizer Under Drought Stress Conditions', Seed and Plant Production Journal, 30(1), 47-59. (In Persian).
Naseri, R. (2017). Effect of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria and Mycorrhizal Fungi on Morpho-Physiological Traits and yield of Two Wheat Cultivars under Dryland Farming. P.hD. THESIS. Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University. 356 Pp. (In Persian).
Naseri, R., Barary, M., Zarea, M.J., Khavazi, K., & Tahmasebi, Z. (2017). Effect of plant growth promoting bacteria and Mycorrhizal fungi on growth and yield of   wheat under dryland conditions. Journal of Soil Biology, 5(1), 49-67. (In Persian).
Rezaei Chiyaneh, E., Zehtab Salmasi, S., Ghassemi Golezani, K., & Delazar, A. (2012). Effect of irrigation treatments on yield and yield components of three fennels (Foenicolum vulgare L.) landraces. Science Agricultural and Sustainable Production, 22(4), 57-70. (In Persian).
Richter, J., Stutzer, M., & Schellenberg, I. (2005). Effects of mycorrhization on the essential oil content and composition of aroma components of marjoram (Marjorana hortensis), thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and caraway (Carum carvi L.). 36th International Symposium on Essential Oils, 4-7 September, Budapes, Hungary.
Robert, M., Auge, R.M., Heather, D., Carl, F., Sams, E.A., & Ghazala, N. (2008). Hydraulic conductance and water potential gradients in squash leaves showing mycorrhiza-induced increases in stomatal conductance. Mycorrhiza, 18, 115-121.
Sadat, A., Savaghebi, G.h., Rejali, F., Farahbakhsh, M., Khavazi, K. & Shirmardi, M. (2010). Effects of some Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria on the growth and yield indices of two wheat varieties in a salinesoil. Journal of Water and Soil, 24(1), 53-62. (In Persian).
Seyed Sharifi, R., & Nazarli, H. (2013). Effects of Nitrogen and Seed Biopriming with Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) on yield, Rate and Effective Grain Filling Period of Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.). Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 23(2), 19-36. (In Persian).
Smith, S.E., & Read, D.J. (2005). Mycorrhizal Symbiosis, (3rded.). Academic Press, London, UK.
Sarajuoghi, M., Ardakani, M.R., Nurmohammadi, G., Kashani, A., Rejali, F., & Mafakheri, S.  (2012). Response of yield and yield components of maize (Zea mays L.) to different biofertilizers and chemical fertilizers. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 12(3), 315-320.
Sohrabi, Y., Weisany, W., Heidari, Gh.,  Mohammadi, Kh., & Ghasemi Golezani, K. (2019). Effects of mycorrhiza fungi species application on growth and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under drought stress. Environmental stresses in Crop Science, 12(2), 507-524. (In Persian).
Tadayon, M., & Emam, Y. (2008). Effect of Supplemental Irrigation and Amount of Available Water on Yield, Yield Components and Physiological Characteristics of Two Rainfed Wheat Cultivars. Journal of Water and Soil Science, 11(42), 145-156. (In Persian).
Talebzadeh, S.J., Hadi, H., Amirnia, R., Tajbakhsh, M., Shishavan, M., & Moradali, R. (2017). Evaluation of sink limitation and assimilates distribution of wheat genotypes under terminal drought stress. Crops Improvement, 19(3), 717-732. (In Persian).
Wissuwa, M., Gamat, G., & Ismail, A.M. (2005). Is root growth under phosphorus deficiency affected by source or sink limitation. Journal of Experimental Botany, 56, 1943-1950.
Wright, D.P., Scholes, J.D., & Read, D.J. (1998). Effects of VA mycorrhizal colonization on photosynthesis and biomass production of trifolium repense L. Plant Cell Environment, 21, 209-16.
Yousefpoor, Z., Yadavi, A., Balouchi, H., & Farajee H. (2014). Evaluation of some physiological, morphological and phonological characteristics in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) influenced by biological and chemical sources of nitrogen and phosphorus. Agroecology, 6(3), 508-519.