نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه ژنتیک و به نژادی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه بین‌المللی امام خمینی(ره)، قزوین، ایران.

چکیده

بخش مهمی از موفقیت تولید در مناطق دارای تنش خشکی به جذب مؤثر آب توسط سیستم ریشه­ای کارآمد وابسته است. به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر تیمارهای آبیاری بر صفات ریشه و اندام هوایی ژنوتیپ­های کنجد (Sesamum indicum L.)، آزمایشی در مزارع تحقیقاتی مؤسسه اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر کرج طی سال‌های 1396 و 1397 انجام شد. آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تکرار اجرا شد. در این پژوهش پنج ژنوتیپ گیاه کنجد در دو رژیم آبیاری شامل آبیاری کامل و کم‌آبیاری (تنش خشکی) از نظر سیستم ریشه­ای و صفات مرتبط با اندام هوایی موردبررسی قرارگرفتند. نتایج نشان داد بین ژنوتیپ­ها و رژیم­های آبیاری از نظر صفات ریشه و اندام هوایی اختلاف معنی­داری وجود دارد. در تمامی ژنوتیپ­ها تراکم طولی ریشه در تیمار آبیاری کامل و در لایه بالایی خاک (عمق صفر تا 30 سانتی‌متری) در مقایسه با تیمار تنش بیش‌تر بود. علاوه بر این با اعمال تنش خشکی، عمق ریشه در تمامی ژنوتیپ­ها به‌طور متوسط 30 درصد افزایش یافت. در مقابل، وزن خشک ریشه در ارقام داراب یک، دشتستان دو و ناز تک‌شاخه به‌ترتیب 15 درصد، 16 درصد و 22 درصد کاهش و در ژنوتیپ­های ناشکوفای آمریکایی، توده سودانی و اولتان به‌ترتیب 7 درصد، 10 درصد و 1 درصد افزایش یافت. از طرف دیگر بیش‌ترین مقدار وزن خشک تک‌بوته در ژنوتیپ ناشکوفای آمریکایی (39 گرم) و کم‌ترین آن در رقم ناز تک‌شاخه (22 گرم) مشاهده شد. به‌عنوان جمع­بندی نهایی نتایج نشان داد ژنوتیپ ناشکوفای آمریکایی که از لحاظ ویژگی­های ریشه از جمله عمق ریشه و تراکم طولی ریشه در مقایسه با سایر ارقام برتر بود، علاوه بر این‌که وزن خشک تک‌بوته بیش‌تری داشت، حداقل کاهش وزن خشک را در شرایط تنش نشان داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Root and Shoot Characteristics of Sesame Genotypes under Different Soil Moisture ‎Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Majid Gholamhoseini 1
  • farhad habibzadeh 2
  • parisa hemmati 1

1 Assistant Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute. Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.

چکیده [English]

In dry regions, root systems play a major role in controlling plant growth and yield, thanks to their importance in water absorption. In order to investigate the effect of irrigation regimes on root and shoot traits of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes, a field experiment has been conducted in Karaj, at Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, during 2017 and 2018. A factorial experiment has been laid out in a completely-randomized design with four replications. This study deals with five genotypes of sesame in two irrigation regimes, including full and low (drought stress) irrigation treatments in terms of root and shoot-related traits. Results show that there have been significant differences between genotypes and irrigation regimes for root and shoot traits. In all genotypes, root length density is higher in full irrigation treatment as well as the upper soil layer (0 to 30 cm deep), compared to stress treatment. In addition, under drought stress conditions root depth increases (by 30% in average) in all genotypes. In contrast, root dry weight has decreased in Dashtestan 2 (15 %), Darab 1 (16 %), and Naz (22 %), and increased in Oltan (1 %), USA-ns 96 (7 %), and Sodan 94 (10 ) genotypes. On the other hand, the highest amount of shoot dry weight belongs to the USA-ns 96 genotype (39 g), and the lowest to Naz cultivar (22 g). Finally, results show that USA-ns 96 genotype, being superior in terms of root characteristics such as root depth and root length density compared to other genotypes, in addition to having more shoot dry weight, show the least dry weight loss under stress conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Root depth
  • Root dry weight
  • Root length density
  • Root to shoot ratio
  • Shoot dry weight
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