نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه حشره‌شناسی و بیماری‌شناسی گیاهی، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، پاکدشت، ایران.

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه حشره شناسی و بیماری شناسی گیاهی، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، پاکدشت، ایران.

3 دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، پاکدشت، ایران.

4 دانشیار، گروه حشره شناسی و بیماری شناسی گیاهی، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، پاکدشت، ایران.

5 دانشیار، گروه علوم گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مغان، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

چکیده

کرم­ساقه­خوار ذرت (Sesamia cretica Led.)، از آفات مهم ذرت و نیشکر در ایران می­باشد. خواص حشره­کشی اسانس­های چهار اکوتیپ زیره سبز شامل فارس-سیوند (FS)، خراسان شمالی-شیروان (KS)، کرمان-کوهبنان (KK) و کرمان-رفسنجان (KR) علیه لاروهای سن 4 کرم ساقه‌خوار ذرت در 4 تکرار و در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی بررسی شد. میزان تلفات لارو­ها در دمای 2±27 درجه سلسیوس و رطوبت نسبی 5±65 درصد و دوره روشنایی 16 ساعت روشنایی و 8 ساعت تاریکی، 72 ساعت پس از تیمار ثبت شد. نتایج نشان داد تمامی اکوتیپ­های زیره سبز روی آفت مذکور سمی بودند. کم‌ترین میزان LC50 مربوط به اسانس اکوتیپ KR (ppm2725) بود و اکوتیپ­های KK، FS و KS (به­ترتیب ppm2777، 3099 و 8390) بعد از آن قرار داشتند. نتایج تجزیه شیمیایی اسانس­ها با استفاده از دستگاه GC-MS نشان داد که ترکیب سایمن در اکوتیپ KR در مقایسه با سایر اکوتیپ­های زیره سبز درصد بیش‌تری داشت. لذا سمیت بالای اکوتیپ KS در مقایسه با دیگر اکوتیپ­های زیره سبز می­تواند مربوط به وجود چنین ترکیباتی باشد. با توجه به نتایج پژوهش حاضر، اسانس­های اکوتیپ­های زیره سبز پتانسیل لازم برای جایگزینی با حشره­کش­های شیمیایی در مدیریت تلفیقی کرم ساقه‌خوار ذرت را دارا می­باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Effects of Essential Oils Extracted from Four Cumin ‎Ecotypes on the Larvae of Pink Stem Borer

نویسندگان [English]

  • Reza Sadeghi 1
  • Mohammad Reza Eshrati 2
  • Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Mortazavian 3
  • Arsalan Jamshidnia 4
  • Asgar Ebadollahi 5

1 Associate Professor, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Collage of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran.

2 M.Sc. Student, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Collage of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran.

3 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Collage of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran.

4 Associate Professor, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Collage of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran.

5 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Sciences, Moghan College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Pink stem borer, Sesamia creticaLed, is one of the most important pests of sugarcane and maize in Iran. Insecticidal properties of essential oils of four cumin ecotypes, namely Fars-Sivand (FS), North Khorasan-Shirvan (KS), Kerman-Kuhbanan (KK), and Kerman-Rafsanjan (KR), has been evaluated against 4th instar-larvae of S. cretica in a completely randomized design with four replications. Larval mortality at 27±2 °C, relative humidity of 65±5%, and 16:8 hours light: darkness period is recorded after 72 hours. Results show that all cumin ecotypes have been toxic to the pest, with the lowest LC50 value, obtained from the essential oil of KR ecotype (2725 ppm) followed by KK, FS, and KS ecotypes (2777, 3099, and 8390 ppm, respectively). The chemical analysis of essential oils tested by GC-MS shows that m-cymene in the KR ecotype has been higher than other cumin ecotypes. Therefore, the high toxicity of KS ecotype compared to other cumin ecotypes can be related to the presence of such compounds. According to the present study’s results, the essential oils of cumin ecotypes are potentially a great substitute for chemical insecticides in the integrated management of S. cretica.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biocontrol
  • bioassay
  • essential oil
  • mortality
  • Sesamia cretica
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