نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، کردستان، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، کردستان، ایران.

3 استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، کردستان، ایران.

4 استاد، مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر بر‌همکنش سدیم نیتروپروساید و تنش خشکی بررنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی و رابطه آن با عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دانه کلزا آزمایشی طی دو سال زراعی (95-1394 و 96-1395) در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی همدان انجام شد. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش عبارت بودند از سه تیمار آبیاری شامل آبیاری کامل (شاهد)، قطع آبیاری از مرحله‌ی شروع خورجین‌دهی و قطع آبیاری از مرحله‌ی شروع پر شدن دانه و چهار تیمار محلول‌پاشی سدیم‌نیتروپروساید با غلظت‌های 0، 100، 200 و 300 میکرو مولار. نتایج نشان داد قطع آبیاری باعث کاهش معنی‌دار مقادیر صفات مورد مطالعه گردید. محلول‌پاشی سدیم‌نیتروپروساید مقادیر رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دانه در شرایط تنش و عدم تنش خشکی را افزایش داد. بیشترین و کمترین عملکرد دانه به ترتیب در تیمارهای محلول‌پاشی گیاه با 300 میکرومولار سدیم نیتروپروساید و آبیاری کامل (5129 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و تیمار عدم محلول‌پاشی و قطع آبیاری از مرحله شروع خورجین‌دهی (3396 کیلوگرم در هکتار) مشاهده شد. آزمایش بیان‌گر آن بود که مصرف سدیم نیتروپروساید می‌تواند اثرات مثبتی بر رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی، اجزای عملکرد و عملکرد دانه کلزا در شرایط تنش و عدم تنش خشکی داشته باشد و لذا کاربرد آن در شرایط کمبود آب می‌تواند اثرات مخرب تنش خشکی را تا حدود زیادی تعدیل نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of sodium nitroprusside on photosynthetic pigments and grain yield of rapeseed under different irrigation regimes

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahdieh sheikhaliyan 1
  • Yousef Sohrabi 2
  • farzad Hossainpanahi 3
  • Amir Hossein Shirani rad 4

1 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Kurdistan, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Kurdistan, Iran.

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Kurdistan, Iran.

4 Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.

چکیده [English]

In order to investigate the interaction between sodium nitroprusside and drought stress on photosynthetic pigments and their relationship with yield and yield components of rapeseed, an experiment was conducted during two cropping years (2015-16 and 2016-17) at Hamedan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center. The experiment was carried out as a factorial in randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimental factors were irrigation levels including full irrigation (control), irrigation termination from beginning silique stage and irrigation termination from grain filling stage, and four treatments of foliar application of sodium nitroprusside with concentrations of 0, 100, 200 and 300 μM. The results showed that irrigation termination significantly reduced the amounts of studied traits. Sodium nitroprusside foliar application increased the amounts of photosynthetic pigments, yield and grain yield components under drought stress and non-stress conditions. The highest and the lowest grain yield were obtained in the combination treatments of plant foliar application with 300 mM sodium nitroprusside and full irrigation (5129 kg/ha) and non-foliar application and irrigation interruption at the beginning silique stage (3396 kg/ha), respectively. The experiment indicated that sodium nitroprusside application can have positive effects on photosynthetic pigments, yield components and grain yield of rapeseed under drought stress and non-stress conditions, and therefore its application can greatly mitigate the adverse effects of drought stress in water deficit conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Carotenoid
  • chlorophyll
  • rapeseed
  • grain yield components
  • sodium nitroprusside
Arab, S., Baradaran Firouzabadi, M., & Asgharipour, M. (2015). The effect of ascorbic acid and sodium nitro prusside sprayed on photosynthetic pigments and some traits of safflower in terms of deficit irrigation. Journal agriculture of Plant Production, 38(4), 14-25. (In Persian)
Asadi Sanam, S., Zavareh, M., Pirdashti, H., & Hashempour, A. (2014). The effect of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on some biochemical properties of barley seedlings in salinity. Journal of Plant Production Research, 21(3), 19-32. (In Persian).
Barthet, V. J. (2016). Canola: Overview. Reference Module in Food Science. Reviewed 8 January 2016. 5p.
Del Rio, L.A., Corpas, F.J., & Barroso, J.B. (2004). Nitric oxide and nitric oxide synthase activity in plants. Photochemistry, 65, 783-792.
Divito, G. A., & Sadras, V. O. (2014). How do phosphorus, potassium and sulphur affect plant growth and biological nitrogen fixation in crop and pasture legumes A meta-analysis. Field Crops Research, 156, 161-171.
Dolatabadian, A., Modares Sanavy, A.M., & Asilan, K. (2009). Effect of ascorbic acid foliar application on yield, yield component and several morphological traits of grain corn under water deficit stress conditions. Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 2(3), 45-50.
Farooq, M., Basra, S.M.A., Wahid, A., & Rehman, H. (2009). Exogenously applied nitric oxide enhances the drought tolerance in fine grain aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.) Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 195, 254-261.
Galashi, S. (2015). Effect of environmental stresses on plants (drought-salinity-heat-flood). Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 388 p. (In Persian)
Ganjewala, D., Boba, S., & Raghavendra, A.S. (2008). Sodium nitroprusside affects the level of anthocyanin and flavonol glycosides in pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Arkel) leaves. Acta Biologica. Szegediensis, 52, 301-305.
Gerzhova, A., Mondor, M., Benali, M., & Aider, M. (2016). Study of total dry matter and protein extraction from canola meal as affected by the pH, salt addition and use of zetapotential/ turbidimetry analysis to optimize the extraction conditions. Food Chemistry, 201,  243-252.
Gul, H., Ahmad, R., Hamayun, M., Sayyed, A., Qasim, M., & Shabeena, S. (2014). Growth performance of canola grown under different salinity regimes. International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, 8(4), 59-68.
Hao, G.P., Xing, Y., & Zhang, J.H. (2008). Role of Nitric Oxide Dependence on Nitric Oxide Synthase-like Activity in the water stress signaling of maize seedling. Integrative Plant Biology, 50(4), 435-442
Kafi, M., & Mahdavi Damghani, A. (2016). Mechanisms of plant resistance to environmental stresses. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Publications, 468 p. (In Persian)
Kumari, A., Sheokand, A., & Kumari, S. (2010). Nitric oxide induced alleviation of toxic effects of short term and long term Cd stress on growth, oxidative metabolism and Cd accumulation in Chickpea. Brazilian Society of Plant Physiology, 22(4), 271-284.
Laspina, N.V., Groppa, M.D., Tomaro, M.L. and Benavides, M.P. (2005). Nitric oxide protects sunflower leaves against Cd induced oxidative stress. Journal of Plant Sciences, 169, 323-330.
Lawlor, D. W., & Cornic, G. (2012). Photosynthetic carbon assimilation and associated metabolism in relation to water deficits in higher plants. Plants, Cell and Environment, 25, 275-294.
Lei, Y., Yin, C., Ren, J., & Li, C. (2007). Effect of osmotic stress and sodium nitroprusside pretreatment on proline metabolism of wheat seedlings. Biologia Plantarum, 51(2), 386-390.
Leshem, Y.Y., Haramaty, E., Liuz, D., Mali, K.Z., Safer, Y., & Riotman, L. (2017). Effect of stress nitric oxide: interaction between cholorophyll florescence, galactolipid fluidity and lipoxygenase activity. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 35, 573-579.
Lichtenthaler, H. K., & Wellburn, A. R. (1983). Determinations of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b of leaf extracts in different solvents. Biochemical Society Transactions, 1, 591-592.
Malekotti, M.J., Keshavarz, P., Saadat, S., & Khulberin, b. (2005). Plant nutrition under saline conditions. Senate Publications. Tehran, 269 p. (In Persian)
Mohsenzadeh, M., Samiezadeh, H., & Hasani, H. (2016). Evaluation of Glycol Peroxidase Activity in Canola Genotypes under Stress and Non-Osmotic Stress Conditions. Iranian Crop Sciences, 48 (1), 71-80. (In Persian)
Nasibi, F., & Kalantari, K. M. (2010). Influence of nitric oxide in protection of tomato seedling against oxidative stress induced by osmotic stress. Acta Physiology Plant, 31, 1037-1044.
Neill, S., Barros, R., Bright, J., Desikan, R., Hancock, J., Harrisan, J., Morris, P., Ribeiro, D., & Wilson, I. (2008). Nitric oxide, stomatal closure, and abiotic stress. Journal of Experimental Botany, 59,165-176.
Nikravesh, M., Khldbryn, B., Nejadsattari, I., & Najafi, F. (2016). Effect of sodium nitroprusside on some physiological factors of rapeseed under drought stress. Journal of Plant Research (Iranian Journal of Biology, 29(3), 88-102. (In Persian)
Palmgren, M. G., & Harper, J. F. (1999) Pumping with plant P-type ATPases. Journal of Experimental Botany, 50, 883-893.
Shehab, G.G., Ahmad, O.K., & EL- Beltagi, H.S. (2010). Effects of various chemical agents for alleviation of drought stress in rice plants. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici, 38(1), 130-148.
Sheokand, S., Bhankar, V., & Sawhney, V. (2010). Ameliorative effect of exogenous nitric oxide on oxidative metabolism in NaCl treated chickpea plants. Brazilian society of plant Physiology, 22(2), 81-90.
Tan, J., Zhao, H., Y. Hong, Y., Li, H., & Zhao, W. (2008). Effects of exogenous nitric oxide on photosynthesis, antioxidant capacity and proline accumulation in wheat seedling subjected to osmotic stress. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 4, 307-313.
Tian, X.R. and Lei, Y.B. (2007). Physiological Responses of wheat Seedling to Drought and UV-B Radiation. Effect of exogenous Sodium Nitroprusside Application. Plant Physiology, 54(5), 763-769.
Yadollahi, P., & Asgharpour, M.R. (2014). The effect of sodium nitroprusside and ascorbic acid on the growth, morphological characteristics and performance parchment pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) under irrigated conditions. Journal of Crop, 6(2), 29-45. (In Persian)
Zinali, A., Kianbakht, M., Siahmargui, A., Sheikh, F., & Pouri, Gh. (2015). Influence of planting date on yield and yield components of seed and green pod of three bean cultivars in Gorgan. Journal of Crop Production, 8(1), 119-99. (In Persian)