نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گنبدکاووس، گنبدکاووس، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گنبدکاووس، گنبدکاووس، ایران.

3 دانشیار، گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گنبدکاووس، گنبدکاووس، ایران.

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر تراکم کاشت بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ارقام جو در شرایط دیم، این آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه گنبدکاووس طی دو سال‌ زراعی 96-1395 و 97-1396 انجام شد. فاکتور نخست تراکم در چهار سطح 200، 300، 400 و 500 دانه در مترمربع و فاکتور دوم ارقام جو شامل فردان، خرم، ماهور و صحرا بود. در صفات تعداد دانه در سنبله و تعداد سنبله در مترمربع به‌ترتیب رقم صحرا در حداقل تراکم و ماهور در حداکثر تراکم برترین ارقام بودند. بالاترین وزن هزاردانه نیز در رقم فردان مشاهده شد. حداکثر عملکرد دانه در سال اول و دوم آزمایش به‌ترتیب از ارقام ماهور با تراکم 300 و خرم با تراکم 200 دانه در مترمربع به‌دست آمد. بین تعداد سنبله در مترمربع با تعداد دانه در سنبله همبستگی منفی (**67/0-r= و **83/0- r= به‌ترتیب در سال اول و دوم آزمایش) مشاهده شد، اما این همبستگی با عملکرد دانه مثبت بود. بالاترین همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌دار نیز بین عملکرد دانه با شاخص برداشت و عملکرد زیستی مشاهده شد. با توجه به نتایج افزایش عملکرد دانه ناشی از افزایش در هر دو صفت شاخص برداشت و عملکرد زیستی بود، در هر دو سال آزمایش تراکم مطلوب به‌منظور دست‌یابی به حداکثر عملکرد دانه در ارقام فردان، خرم و صحرا 200 و برای رقم ماهور 300 دانه در مترمربع بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Impact of Planting Density on Yield and Yield Components of Barley Cultivars under Rain-Fed ‎Condition of Gonbad-Kavous Area

نویسندگان [English]

  • mohammadsaleh ravan 1
  • ali Rahemi karizaki 2
  • Abbas Biabani 3
  • Ali Nakhzari Moghaddam 2
  • ebrahim gholamali pouralmdari 2

1 Ph.D. Candidate, Plant Production Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Plant Production Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran.

3 Associate Professor, Plant Production Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran.

چکیده [English]

In order to investigate the effect of barley cultivars on the yield and yield components of grain under rain-fed conditions a factorial experiment has been carried out in a randomized complete block design with four replications at Gonbad-e Kavous University Research Field during 2016 – 2017 and 2017 – 2018 growing seasons. Density treatments of 200, 300, 400, and 500 grain per square meter have been considered as the first, and four barley cultivars, namely Fardan, Khorram, Mahoor, and Sahra, have been taken as the second factors. In case of the number of grains per spike and the number of spikes per square meter, Sahra cultivar in minimum density and Mahoor cultivar in maximum density have proven to be the best cultivars, respectively. The highest thousand grain weight belongs to Fardan cultivar. Maximum grain yield in first and second year of the experiment have been obtained from Mahoor cultivars with 300 grains in meter square and Khorram with 200 grains in meter square, respectively. Higher yield in the second year than the first one seems to be due to higher rainfall and more appropriate distribution, especially in the reproductive stage and grain filling period. In both years, a negative and strong correlation is observed between the number of spikes per square meter and the number of grains per spike (r=-0.67 and r=-0.83 in the first and second year, respectively); but this correlation has been positive with grain yield. The highest positive and significant correlation belongs to the one between grain yield, harvest index, and biological yield. According to the results, an increase in grain yield is due to the increase in both harvest index and biological yield. Finally, optimum density for maximum grain yield has been 200 grain in meter square for Fardan, Khorram, and Sahra; and 300 for Mahoor.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biological yield
  • correlation
  • Fardan
  • harvest index
  • number of grains per spike
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