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اثر تنش شوری بر برخی عناصر معدنی و ویژگی‌های بیوشیمیایی گیاه دارویی زنیان (Carum copticum L. C.B. Clarke)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی (AREEO)، اصفهان، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه فیزیولوژی گیاهی، دانشگاه پیام نور اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

3 دانش‌آموخته دکتری، گروه اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

4 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی‌ارشد، گروه فیزیولوژی گیاهی، دانشگاه پیام نور اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر شوری بر برخی ویژگی­های گیاه دارویی زنیان (Carum copticum L. C.B. Clarke)، آزمایش مزرعه­ای در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در اصفهان در سال 1392 انجام شد. تیمارها سطوح مختلف آب شور 3 (شاهد)، 6، 9 و 18 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر) بودند. صفاتی شامل عملکرد، ویژگی­های بیوشیمیایی، عناصر معدنی، میزان و کیفیت اسانس بذر تعیین شدند. نتایج نشان داد که افزایش شوری سبب کاهش عملکرد بیولوژیک و عملکرد بذر شد. تغییر اجزای اسانس بذر در اثر تنش شوری کم بود. مهم‌ترین ترکیب در اسانس تیمول بود که 1/56 تا 2/61 درصد اسانس را به‌خود اختصاص داد. بیش‌ترین غلظت پروتئین کل (ریشه 6/3 و اندام هوایی 2/8 میلی­گرم در گرم ماده خشک) به تیمار شاهد اختصاص داشت و با افزایش سطوح شوری به‌صورت معنی­داری کاهش یافت. افزایش شوری، میزان پرولین و قندهای احیاکننده را افزایش داد، به‌طوری‌که بیش‌ترین میزان پرولین ریشه 12 میلی­گرم در گرم ماده تر و قندهای احیاکننده (ریشه 5/30 و اندام هوایی 62 میلی­گرم در گرم ماده خشک) در شوری 18 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر حاصل شد. افزایش سطوح شوری میزان ترکیبات فنلی اندام هوایی را افزایش داد اما این افزایش معنی­دار نبود. تیمار 18 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر کم‌ترین غلظت پتاسیم (ریشه 5 و اندام هوایی 22 میلی­گرم در گرم ماده خشک) و بیش‌ترین غلظت سدیم (ریشه 54 و اندام هوایی 64 میلی­گرم در گرم ماده خشک) را داشت. با توجه به نتایج حاصله، با افزایش شوری میزان اسمولیت­های مقاوم‌کننده در گیاه زنیان افزایش یافت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of salinity stress on some mineral contents and biochemical parameters of Ajowan (Carum copticum L. C.B. Clarke)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saeid Davazdahemami 1
  • Shekofe Enteshari 2
  • Marzyeh Allahdadi 3
  • shahram yasmani 4

1 Associate Professor, Natural Resources Research Department, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Isfahan, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Physiology, Payam Noor of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.

3 Former Ph.D. Student, Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

4 Former M.Sc. Student, Department of Plant Physiology, Payam Noor of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.

چکیده [English]

In order to investigate the effect of irrigation water salinity on some characteristics of Ajowan (Carum copticum L. C.B. Clarke), a field experiment has been conducted in a completely randomized design with 3 replications in Isfahan, Iran during 2013. The treatments involve different levels of saline water, namely 2.5 (control), 6, 9, and 18 dS.m-1. The determined traits include the yield, biochemical parameters, mineral contents, and seed essential oil content and quality. Results show that increasing salinity decreases biological yield and seed yield. Changes in essential oil components, caused by salinity, have been low, showing no specific trend. The major compound in the seed essential oil of C. capticum is thymol (56.1% to 61.2% of the essential oil). The highest concentration of total protein (root: 3.6 and shoot: 8.2 mg g-1 DW) is assigned to the control treatment, dropping significantly as salinity levels rise. Increasing salinity enhances the amount of proline and reducing sugars so that the highest amount of root proline, equal to 12 mg g-1 FW, and reducing sugars (root: 30.5 and shoot: 62 mg g-1 DW) comes from salinity of 18 dS.m-1. Increasing salinity levels raises the amount of phenolic compounds in the shoot, though this increase has not been considerable. The treatment of 18 dS.m-1 has had the lowest concentration of K+ (root: 5 and shoot: 22 mg g-1 DW) and the highest concentration of Na+ (root: 54 and shoot: 64 mg g-1 DW).It can be concluded that by increasing salinity levels, the amount of resistant osmolytes rises.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Essential oil
  • Na+
  • proline
  • salt water
  • yield
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به زراعی کشاورزی
دوره 23، شماره 1
فروردین 1400
صفحه 127-139
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