نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم زراعی و اصلاح نباتات، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، پاکدشت، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه علوم زراعی و اصلاح نباتات، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، پاکدشت، ایران.

3 استاد، گروه علوم زراعی و اصلاح نباتات، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، پاکدشت، ایران.

4 استادیار، گروه کشاورزی بوم شناختی، پژوهشکده علوم محیطی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

5 استاد، گروه تحقیقات کشاورزی شمال سوئد، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی سوئد (SLU)، اومئو، سوئد

چکیده

مطالعات انجام شده برای ارزیابی کیفیت ذرت دانه‌ای به دلیل کاربردهای فراوان آن در صنایع غذایی، خوراک دام و تولید اتانول قابل توجه هستند. بنابراین، این مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی غلظت و ترکیبات نشاسته و روغن در دانه ذرت در پاسخ به ارقام مختلف (KSC704 و KSC260)، تاریخ کاشت (31 خردادماه و 31 تیرماه)، فواصل آبیاری (12 روزه و 6 روزه) و میزان کود نیتروژن (0 و 184 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار) به صورت مدل آماری استریپ-پلات فاکتوریل در سال 1397 در منطقه پاکدشت انجام شد. نتایج پیشنهاد نمود کاربرد نیتروژن، عملکرد دانه را به میزان یک تن در هکتار افزایش داد. بعلاوه، عملکرد دانه در رقم KSC260 از رقم KSC704 به میزان 96/0 تن در هکتار بالاتر بود. از میان عوامل مورد بررسی، کلیه متغیرهای کیفی جز استئاریک‌اسید، تحت تأثیر اثر متقابل آبیاری و نیتروژن قرار گرفتند. کاربرد نیتروژن در شرایط آبیاری کمتر موجب کاهش میزان روغن و اسیدهای چرب پالمتیک‌اسید، اولئیک‌اسید، لینولئیک‌اسید و لینولنیک‌اسید گردید. در شرایط آبیاری کمتر، کاربرد نیتروژن تأثیری در افزایش غلظت نشاسته و آمیلوپکتین نداشت. میزان استئاریک‌اسید در تیمارهای حاوی نیتروژن به میزان 0.05 گرم در کیلوگرم کمتر بود. به نظر می‌رسد تعادل میان میزان آبیاری و نیتروژن در بهبود ویژگی‌های کیفی روغن و نشاسته دانه ذرت مهم است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Irrigation, Planting Date, Cultivar and Nitrogen on Yield and Concentration and Composition of Starch and Oil of Dent Maize Grain

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maryam Rahimi Jahangirlou 1
  • Gholam Akbari 2
  • Iraj Allah dadi 3
  • Saeid Soufizadeh 4
  • Maryam Rahimi Jahangirlou 5

1 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Sciences, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Sciences, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran

3 Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Sciences, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran

4 Assistant Professor, Department of Agroecology, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C.,Tehran, Iran

5 Professor, Department of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden.

چکیده [English]

Studies to assess quality of dent maize grain are noteworthy because of its wide use as food, feed and ethanol production. This study aimed to evaluate the concentration and composition of starch and oil in maize grain in response to different cultivars (KSC704 and KSC260), planting dates (20 June and 21 July), irrigation (12-day and 6-day intervals) and nitrogen (0 and 184 kg N ha-1) rate as the strip-plot factorial statistical model during the 2018 growing season in Pakdasht county of Iran. The results suggested that nitrogen application increased grain yield by one tonnes ha-1. In addition, KSC260 had higher grain yield than KSC704 by 0.96 tonnes ha-1. All compositional variables except stearic acid were affected by the interaction effect of irrigation and nitrogen rate. In low irrigated treatments, nitrogen application reduced the amount of oil, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid. In low irrigated condition, nitrogen application had no effect on increasing the concentration of starch and amylopectin. The use of nitrogen fertilizer reduced the amount of stearic acid by 0.05 g kg-1. In conclusion, the balance between irrigation and nitrogen utilization seems to be important for improving the oil and starch properties of maize grain.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Amylopectin
  • Amylose
  • Fatty Acid
  • Maize
  • Yield
  • Grain quality
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