نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.

2 استاد پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرج، دانشکده علوم زراعی و دامی، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، تخصص: زراعت، اکولوژی

3 استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.

4 دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.

چکیده

به­منظور بررسی تأثیر تیمار کود نیتروژن و تنش خشکی بر برخی از شاخص­های رشدی ذرت علوفه­ای در سیستم­های مختلف خاک­ورزی، آزمایشی در مزرعۀ آموزشی و پژوهشی دانشگاه تهران در سال 1397 انجام شد. این آزمایش به‌صورت کرت­های دو بار خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا شد. خاک‌ورزی به‌عنوان عامل اصلی در دو سطح (حفاظتی و مرسوم)، تنش آبی به‌عنوان عامل فرعی در سه سطح 30، 60 و 90 درصد نیاز آبی و کود نیتروژن به‌عنوان عامل فرعی‌فرعی در سه سطح صفر، 50 و 100 درصد میزان توصیه‌شده در نظر گرفته شد. در مرحلۀ گل‌دهی نتایج نشان داد که بیش‌ترین شاخص سطح برگ (28/6) از اثر متقابل تنش آبی خفیف (90 درصد نیاز آبی) و کاربرد کود نیتروژن 100 درصد، سرعت رشد محصول (01/34 گرم بر مترمربع در روز) از تیمار تنش آبی خفیف با کاربرد نیتروژن 100 درصد در خاک­ورزی مرسوم، سرعت رشد نسبی (08/0 گرم بر گرم در روز) از تیمار نیتروژن 100 درصد و وزن خشک کل (86/1006 گرم بر مترمربع) از  تیمار تنش آبی خفیف با کاربرد نیتروژن 100 درصد در خاک­ورزی مرسوم حاصل شدند. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که کاربرد مقادیر بیش‌تر کود نیتروژن در طی تنش خشکی شدید در سیستم خاک­ورزی مرسوم منجر به کاهش عملکرد مادۀ خشک خواهد شد

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Tillage, Nitrogen Fertilizer, and Water Stress on Crop Growth Indices and Yield of Forage Corn (Zea mays L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • esmaeil afshoon 1
  • Mohammad Reza Jahansooz 2
  • Hossein Moghadam 3
  • Mostafa Oveisi 4

1 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.

2 Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.

4 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.

چکیده [English]

To study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation regimes on some crop growth indices of forage maize under conventional and conservation tillage system, an experiment has been conducted in split plots with a randomized complete block design and three replications at University of Tehran’s farm during 2018. Tillage systems, as the main plot in two factors, include conversation and conventional tillage, whereas water stress, being the subplot, is in three levels which are 30%, 60%, and 90% of moisture requirement. Also, nitrogen fertilizer, as the sub-sub plot, is at three levels, 0, 50%, and 100% of the recommended rate. Results in the flowering stage show that the highest leaf area index (6.28) and crop growth rate (34.01 gr m-2 day-1) have been obtained from the interaction between slight water stress (90% of crop water demand) and nitrogen (100% of crop demand) as well as the interaction between slightly water stress and 100% nitrogen in conventional tillage, respectively. The highest relative growth rate (0.08 gr gr-1 day-1) and total dry matter (1006.86 gr m-2) belong to simple impact of 100% nitrogen along with the interaction of slightly water stress and 100% nitrogen in conventional tillage, respectively. Results show that under severe water stress and higher application of nitrogen, the fertilizer will cause less crop dry matter under conventional tillage.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Conventional Tillage
  • Crop Growth Rate
  • Dry Matter
  • Leaf Area Index
  • Relative Growth Rate
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