نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

2 استادیار، مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

3 استادیار، بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اصفهان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اصفهان، ایران.

4 استادیار، گروه علوم زراعی و اصلاح نباتات، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، پاکدشت، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور شناسایی عامل‌های محدود‌کننده تولید ذرت دانه‌ای در کشور، مطالعه‌ای با هدف جزئی‌سازی عامل‌های مدیریتی تأثیرگذار و تأثیرپذیر در امر تولید ذرت دانه‌ای کشور انجام شد. در این بررسی داده‌های به‌دست‌آمده از 95 مورد گزارش‌ نهایی سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی و یا مقاله‌های مستخرج از آن‌ها طی ده سال اخیر با استفاده از روش فراتحلیل (متاآنالیز) تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. براساس نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه، تراکم 93/2 درصد، آرایش کاشت 81/6 درصد، تناوب زراعی 12/11 درصد، کشاورزی حفاظتی 28/2 درصد، تنش خشکی 28/25 درصد، رقم 99/4 درصد، تاریخ کاشت 46/4 درصد و کود نیتروژن 84/25 درصد از تغییرات عملکرد دانه ذرت را توجیه کردند. بر این اساس، تراکم 100 هزار بوته در هکتار، آرایش کاشت دو ردیف زیگزاگ، الگوی کشت گیاهان خانواده لگومینوز– ذرت، کشت در داخل بقایا، شرایط آبیاری نرمال و بدون تنش خشکی (به شرط فراهمی آب آبیاری)، ارقام با گروه رسیدگی 700 (به شرط کفایت فصل رشد)، تاریخ کاشت در اقلیم‌های معتدل و معتدل گرم، اردیبهشت‌ماه و در اقلیم‌های گرم، کشت تابستانه مردادماه و در نهایت مصرف حداکثر 100 تا 300 کیلوگرم کود اوره جهت کاهش خلأ عملکرد ذرت دانه‌ای توصیه می‌شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Agronomical factors analysis on grain maize yield decreasing in Iran with meta-analysis method

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Mahrokh 1
  • Farid Golzardi 2
  • Farhad Azizi 1
  • seid mohammad ali mofidian 1
  • Mohammad Zamanian 2
  • Vahid Rahjoo 1
  • Masoud Torabi 3
  • Elias soltani 4

1 Assistant Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran..

2 Assistant Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.

3 Assistant Professor, Horticulture Crops Research Department, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Isfahan, Iran.

4 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy Sciences and Plant Breeding, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran

چکیده [English]

To identify the limiting factors in grain maize production in Iran, a study has been carried out to particulate effective and influential management factors of this crop’s production in the country. The data come from 95 final reports or extracted articles in Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), undergoing meta-analysis. Based on this study, of all grain maize variation, 2.93% is justified by plant density, 6.81% by planting structure, 11.12% by planting rotation, 2.28% by conservation agriculture, 25.28% by drought stress, 4.99% by cultivar, 4.46% by planting date, and 25.84% by nitrogen fertilizer. Accordingly, 100 thousand plants per hectare, zigzag double rows planting structure, maize-leguminous crops planting pattern, cultivating in residue, optimum irrigation without drought stress (in case of water availability), 700 maturity group cultivar (in case of adequate growing season), planting in May and early August in temperate and tropical climate, and using maximum 100-300 kg urea fertilizer per hectare are recommended to decrease yield gap in grain maize production.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Conservation agriculture
  • crop rotation
  • drought stress
  • nitrogen fertilizer
  • planting date
  • planting density
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