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تاثیر رژیم آبیاری و تاریخ کاشت بر عملکرد ماده خشک و برخی صفات ارزن مرواریدی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، بخش زراعی باغی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی سیستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، زابل، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه کشاورزی، واحد بیرجند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بیرجند، ایران.

3 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه کشاورزی، واحد بیرجند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بیرجند، ایران.

4 استادیار، گروه کشاورزی، واحد پارس‌آباد مغان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، پارس‌آباد، مغان، ایران.

5 استادیار، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مازندران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، نشتارود، ایران

چکیده

باتوجه به اقلیم گرم و خشک استان خراسان جنوبی، انتخاب نوع محصول و تاریخ‌ کاشت مناسب اهمیت فراوانی دارد. در این شرایط ارزن مرواریدی هیبرید نوتریفید (Pennisetum americanum var. nutrifeed) می‌تواند به‌عنوان یک علوفه ارزش‌مند در تناوب با سایر گیاهان  قرار گیرد. این آزمایش در سال زراعی 1397-1396 به‌صورت کرت­های دو بار خردشده نواری در زمان در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد بیرجند انجام شد. تیمارها شامل چهار تاریخ­ کاشت (20 فروردین‌ماه، 9 اردیبهشت‌ماه، 29 اردیبهشت‌ماه و 18 خردادماه)، سه رژیم آبیاری (تأمین 100، 75 و 50 درصد آب موردنیاز گیاه براساس تبخیر و تعرق پتانسیل گیاه) و دو چین در قالب طرح آماری بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار بود. بیش‌ترین کارایی مصرف آب در شرایط تأمین 50 درصد نیاز آبی ارزن و تاریخ کاشت‌ 20 فروردین و چین‌ اول و دوم مشاهده شد. با تأخیر در کاشت ارزن از 20 فروردین‌ماه به 18 خردادماه عملکرد ماده خشک ارزن 4/24 درصد در شرایط تأمین 100 درصد نیاز آبی کاهش یافت. این کاهش در شرایط تأمین 75 و 50 درصد نیاز آبی به‌ترتیب 2/24 و 9/46 بود. بنابراین با تأمین 75 درصد آب موردنیاز ارزن مرواریدی و کاشت در تاریخ 20 فروردین‌ماه می‌توان با ذخیره 25 درصدی میزان آب مصرفی عملکرد ماده خشک قابل‌قبولی تولید نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of irrigation regimes and sowing dates on the dry matter and some traits of pearl millet

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mansour Fazeli Rostampour 1
  • Seyyed Gholamreza Moosavi 2
  • Hasan Romenjani 3
  • shahram mehri 4
  • Abouzar Abouzari 5

1 Assistant Professor, Horticultural Crops Research Department, Sistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Zabol, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Agriculture, Birjand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Birjand, Iran.

3 Former M.Sc. Student, Department of Agriculture, Birjand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Birjand, Iran.

4 Assistant Professor, Department of Agriculture, ParsAbad Moghan Branch, Islamic AzadUniversity, ParsAbad Moghan, Iran.

5 Assistant Professor, Horticultural Crops Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Nashtarud, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Due to hot and dry climates of South Khorasan province, it is quite vital to choose the suitable crop and planting date. In this condition, pearl millet nutrifeed hybrid (Pennisetum americanum var. nutrifeed) can be a valuable forage in rotation with other plants. This experiment is carried out in 2017-2018 in strip split plots design in time in Azad University research field, Birjand. The treatments include 4 sowing dates (April 8, April 28, May 18, and June 7), 3 irrigation regimes (providing 100%, 75%, and 50% of the plant’s water needs based on the plant potential evatranspiration), and two cuttings in a completely random blocks design with three replications. The highest water use efficiency is observed when providing 50% of water needs on April 8, along with the first and second cuttings. Following the delay in planting date from April 8 to June 7, the forage dry matter yield of millet decreases by 24.4% when it is supplied with 100% of its water needs. This decrease is 24.2 and 46.9, in case of supplying 75% and 50% of water needs, respectively. Therefore, by supplying 75% of pearl millet water needs and planting it on April 8, with a 25% reserve of water consumption, the dry matter yield is acceptable.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Number of leaves
  • number of tillers
  • plant hight
  • relative water content
  • water use efficiency
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به زراعی کشاورزی
دوره 23، شماره 2
تیر 1400
صفحه 335-346
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