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تأثیر پیش‌تیمار بذر بر ویژگی‌های گیاهچه‌ای، رشد ریشه و فنولوژی برنج در کشت مستقیم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.

3 استادیار پژوهش، بخش اصلاح و تهیه بذر، موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران

چکیده

به­منظور بررسی اثر پیش‌تیمار بذر بر خصوصیات سبزشدن، رشد مورفولوژیک ریشه و روند فنولوژیک برنج در سیستم زراعی کشت مستقیم، آزمایشی در سال 1398 در مزرعه پژوهشی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری انجام شد. این پژوهش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد. فاکتورها شامل دو رقم طارم هاشمی و شیرودی و پیش‌تیمار در پنج سطح شامل هیدروپرایمینگ (به‌مدت 48 ساعت)، کلریدکلسیم و کلریدپتاسیم (پتانسیل اُسمزی 25/1- بار به‌مدت 24 ساعت)، اسید آسکوربات (10 میلی­گرم در یک لیتر آب به‌مدت 24 ساعت) و شاهد (بدون پیش‌تیمار) بود. بالاترین درصد سبزشدن با 90 درصد تحت پیش‌تیمار با کلریدکلسیم مشاهده شد، که با پیش‌تیمار کلریدپتاسیم و آب تفاوت معنی‌داری نداشت. سرعت سبزشدن پیش‌تیمار با کلریدکلسیم، کلریدپتاسیم و آب به­ترتیب 50، 36 و 29 درصد نسبت به تیمار شاهد افزایش نشان داد. نتایج نشان داد پیش‌تیمار با کلریدکلسیم، کلریدپتاسیم، اسید آسکوربات و آب به­ترتیب 55، 50، 33 و 38 درصد ارتفاع بوته و 48، 29، 12 و 25 درصد وزن خشک بوته را نسبت به تیمار شاهد افزایش داد. در ارقام شیرودی و طارم هاشمی مدت زمان لازم جهت شروع پنجه‌زنی به‌ترتیب 40/27 و 53/24 روز، ظهور خوشه 4/90 و 87/53 روز، گلدهی 53/100 و 87/70 روز و رسیدگی نیز 26/132 و 61/94 روز بود. کم‌ترین زمان لازم جهت ظهور خوشه و گلدهی در پیش‌تیمار با کلریدکلسیم مشاهده شد که هرچند با سایر پیش‌تیمارها تفاوت معنی‌داری نداشت، اما نسبت به تیمار شاهد به­ترتیب 17/11 و 5/7 روز کاهش نشان داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Seed Priming on Seedling Characteristics, Root Growth, and Phenology of Rice under Direct ‎Seeding

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Khademi 1
  • Faezeh Zaefarian 2
  • Shahram Nazari 3
  • Mohammad Ali Esmaeili 2

1 M.Sc. Student, Department of Agronomy, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari. Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari. Iran.

3 Research Assistant Prof., Guilan Branch, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran

چکیده [English]

To investigate the effect of seed priming on emergence characteristics, root morphological growth, and phenological trends of rice in direct seeding, an experiment has been conducted in Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University within 2019. The study is conducted as factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The factors include Tarom Hashemi and Shiroudi cultivars and priming at five levels, namely hydropriming (for 48 hours), calcium chloride, and potassium chloride priming (Ψs -1.25 MPa), ascorbate acid (10 mg l-1), and control (no priming). The effect of priming on emergence percentage shows that the highest amount of this trait belongs to 90% in priming with calcium chloride, which is not significantly different from priming with potassium chloride and water. The rate of emergence of priming with calcium chloride, potassium chloride, and water has increased by 50%, 36%, and 29%, respectively. Results show that priming with calcium chloride, potassium chloride, ascorbate acid, and water has increased by 55%, 50%, 33%, and 38% of the plant height and by 48%, 29%, 12%, and 25% of plant dry weight, respectively. In Shiroudi and Tarom Hashemi cultivars, the time required for the onset of tillering has been 27.40 and 24.53 days; panicle appearance, 90.4 and 53.87 days; flowering, 100.53 and 70.87 days; and maturity 132.26 and 94.61 days, respectively. The least time required for panicle appearance and flowering is observed in priming with calcium chloride, although this has not been significantly different from other priming, and decreased by 11.17 and 7.5 days to the control, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Plant height
  • Emergence percentage
  • Emergence rate
  • Calcium chloride
  • Potassium chloride
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به زراعی کشاورزی
دوره 23، شماره 2
تیر 1400
صفحه 307-319
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