نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی‌ارشد، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران.

3 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، باوی، ملاثانی، خوزستان، ایران.

چکیده

با توجه به قدرت رقابتی کم کنجد در مقابل علف‌های هرز، حضور علف‌های هرز به‌شدت سبب کاهش عملکرد کنجد می‌شود، لذا مهار علف‌های هرز در این محصول اهمیت زیادی دارد. با این هدف، آزمایشی به‌صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در تابستان سال 1396 در شهرستان رامهرمز، استان خوزستان انجام شد. کرت اصلی، شیوه کشت (کرتی، کف جوی و روی پشته) و کرت‌های فرعی، کاربرد علف‌کش‌ (اکسیفلورفن (360 میلی‌لیتر ماده مؤثر در هکتار)، دایوران (540 گرم ماده مؤثر در هکتار)، تریفلورالین (1200 میلی‌لیتر ماده مؤثر در هکتار)، و لینوران (5/562 میلی‌لیتر ماده مؤثر در هکتار)) بود. هم‌چنین، آزمایش، دارای تیمارهای شاهد با علف‌هرز و وجین دستی به‌ منظور مقایسه بود. نتایج نشان داد بیش‌ترین درصد کاهش وزن خشک علف‌های هرز تحله (Corchorus olitorius L.) و پیچک مزرعه‌ (Convolvulus arvensis L.) به‌ترتیب در تیمارهای تریفلورالین در کشت کف جوی (09/83 درصد) در 75 روز پس از سم‌پاشی و تیمار اکسی فلورفن (30/83 درصد) در 30 روز پس از سم‌پاشی مشاهده شد. بیش‌ترین میزان عملکرد بیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه در تیمار وجین دستی در کشت کف جوی (به‌ترتیب 7/10142 و 37/1930 کیلوگرم در هکتار) وجود داشت. هم‌چنین، میزان عملکرد دانه (2/1878 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در تیمار کشت کف جوی با کاربرد تریفلورالین نیز بیش‌تر از سایر علف‌کش‌ها در شرایط مشابه بود. بیش‌ترین درصد روغن از تیمار وجین دستی در کشت کف جوی (36/52 درصد) و بیش‌ترین شاخص برداشت در شیوه کشت کف جوی (23/18 درصد) به‌دست آمد. به‌طورکلی، بهترین روش تلفیقی مهار علف‌های هرز و بهبود عملکرد کنجد، شیوه کشت در کف جوی به‌‌همراه وجین دستی علف‌های هرز و یا استفاده از علف‌کش تریفلورالین بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluating sowing method and soil applied herbicides on weed control and yield of sesame

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Akbia 1
  • Elham Elahifard 2
  • Abdolreza Siahpoosh 2
  • Ahmad Zare 3

1 Former M.Sc. Student, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Bavi, Mollasani, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Bavi, Mollasani, Iran.

3 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Bavi, Mollasani, Khuzestan, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Due to the low competitive ability of sesame against weeds, the presence of weeds greatly reduces sesame yield, therefore, weed control is very important in this crop. An experiment was carried out as split plots based on randomized complete block design with three replications in July 2017 in Ramhormoz, Khuzestan, Iran. In this experiment, treatments including sowing method as the main plot at three levels (flat, sowing on ridge and in farrow) and herbicide application as the sub plot including oxyfluorfen (360 ml ai ha-1), diuron (540 g ai ha-1), trifluralin (1200 ml ai ha-1), and linuron (562.5 ml ai ha-1). Hand weeding and weed infested treatments, also, were considered for comparison. Results indicated that the highest dry weight reduction percentage of nulta jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) was observed in trifluralin application in farrow (83.09%) at 75 days after herbicide application and field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) in oxyflurfen application (83.30%) at 30 days after treatment. The highest of biological and seed yield was observed in hand weeding in farrow (10142.7 and 1930.37 Kg ha-1, respectively). Application of trifluralin in farrow, also, was effective treatment according seed yield (1878.2 Kg ha-1). The highest oil percentage (52.36%) was obtained in hand weeding in farrow. The highest harvest index (18.23%) was observed in farrow. Totally, the best integrated method to control weeds and improve sesame yield, was sowing in farrow along with hand weeding, or the application of trifluralin.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Hand weeding
  • harvest index
  • oil percentage
  • weed density reduction
  • weed dry weight reduction
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