نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته دکتری، گروه زراعت، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

3 استاد، گروه زراعت، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثر فاصله بین ردیف‌های کاشت بر عملکرد و رشد ارقام پنبه در دو شرایط مصرف و عدم مصرف کود، مطالعه‌ای در گرگان در سال زراعی 1396 به‌صورت آزمایش اسپلیت پلات فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل سه رقم پنبه (ساجدی، کاشمر و گلستان)، فاصله ردیف کشت در دو سطح (20 و 80 سانتی‌متر) و مصرف کودهای شیمیایی نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم به ترتیب با مقادیر 350، 300 و 225 کیلوگرم در هکتار و تیمار شاهد (عدم مصرف کود) بود. براساس نتایج تجزیه واریانس اثر رقم بر تعدا شاخه زایشی، ارتفاع اولین قوزه از سطح زمین و تعداد قوزه معنی‌دار بود در حالی که اثر فاصله ردیف بر تعداد شاخه رویشی، ارتفاع اولین قوزه از سطح زمین، تعداد قوزه، وزن قوزه و عملکرد وش معنی‌دار بود. درهر سه رقم مورد مطالعه کاهش فاصله ردیف باعث کاهش ارتفاع بوته و افزایش شاخص سطح برگ، ماده خشک و عملکرد وش شد. کوددهی نیز باعث افزایش‌ معنی‌دار ارتفاع بوته، شاخص سطح برگ، تعداد شاخه زایشی، تعداد قوزه، وزن قوزه و عملکرد وش شد. در مورد اثرات متقابل نیز تنها اثر متقابل رقم × فاصله ردیف بر تعداد شاخه زایشی و اثر متقابل فاصله ردیف × کوددهی بر تعداد قوزه، وزن قوزه و عملکرد وش معنی‌دار بود. بنابراین، اثر متقابل معنی‏داری بین فاصله ردیف و مصرف عناصر غذایی از لحاظ خصوصیات رشدی و عملکرد ارقام پنبه وجود دارد و کاهش فاصله ردیف در پنبه می‏تواند باعث افزایش قابل توجهی در عملکرد وش شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of row spacing and nutrient consumption on some morphological, physiological and agronomic responses of three cotton cultivars

نویسندگان [English]

  • Reyhane Rabbani 1
  • Farshid Ghaderi-Far 2
  • Ebrahim Zeinali 2
  • afshin soltani 3

1 Former Ph.D. Student, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.

3 Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.

چکیده [English]

In order to investigate the effect of row spacing on yield and growth of cotton cultivars uncer two conditions of fertilizer application and non-fertilization, a study was conducted in Gorgan as a split-factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with three replicates in 2017. Experimental factors included three cotton cultivars (Sajedi, Kashmar and Golestan), row spacing at two levels (20 and 80 cm) and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers application at 350, 300 and 225 kg ha-1 and control treatment (No fertilizer), respectively. According to the results of analysis of variance, the effect of cultivar on number of reproductive branches and bolls as well as the height of first boll from ground was significant, whereas row spacing significantly affected number of vegetative branches and bolls, the height of first boll from ground, boll weight and lint yield. In all three cultivars studied, decrease in row spacing led to decreased plant height and increased leaf area index, dry matter and lint yield. Fertilization led to significant increase in plant height, leaf area index, number of reproductive branches and bolls, boll weight and yield. Among interactions, only the interaction of cultivar× row spacing on number of reproductive branches and interaction of row spacing× fertilizer on boll number, boll weight and lint yield were significant. Therefore, there is a significant interaction between row spacing and nutrient consumption in terms of growth characteristics and yield of cotton cultivars, and decreased row spacing in cotton can significantly increase lint yield.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Boll weight
  • Leaf area index
  • Lint yield
  • Narrow row
  • Plant density
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