نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته دکتری، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی،دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

3 استاد، موسسه تحقیقات جنگل‏ها و مراتع کشور، تهران، ایران

4 استادیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

5 استادیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

چکیده

به ‌منظور بررسی اثر مقدار کود نیتروژن و تراکم بوته بر عملکرد دانه، کارایی نیتروژن و صفات مرتبط با آن در گیاه خار مقدس، ‏آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال‌های 1393 و 1394 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه ‏تربیت مدرس انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل چهار مقدار کود نیتروژنی صفر، 50، 100 و 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن خالص ‏از منبع اوره و پنج تراکم 5، 10، 15، 20 و 25 بوته در مترمربع بودند. اثر اصلی نیتروژن و تراکم بوته بر عملکرد دانه، کارایی نیتروژن، ‏ارتفاع، شاخص سبزینگی، نسبت ریشه به ساقه و درصد نیتروژن دانه معنی‌دار بود. با افزایش نیتروژن مصرفی مقدار متوسط عملکرد ‏دانه، شاخص سبزینگی، ارتفاع گیاه و درصد نیتروژن دانه تا حدی افزایش یافت، این در حالی بود که با افزایش نیتروژن، صفات کارایی ‏زراعی، بازیافت، استفاده نیتروژن و نسبت وزن ریشه به ساقه کاهش معنی‌داری پیدا کردند. تراکم‌های بالا موجب کاهش مقدار عملکرد ‏دانه و شاخص سبزینگی شدند، درحالی‌که از طریق افزایش نسبت وزن ریشه به ساقه و ارتفاع گیاه،‎ ‎کارایی نیتروژن را بهبود بخشیدند. ‏اطلاعات جدید این مقاله درباره کارایی نیتروژن خارمقدس در مدیریت نیتروژن قابل استفاده خواهد بود.‏

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of nitrogen rate and plant density on grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of blessed thistle‏ ‏

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehdi Ghiasy-Oskoee 1
  • Majid Aghaalikhani 2
  • Fatemeh Sefidkon 3
  • Ali Mokhtassi-Bidgoli 4
  • Mahdi Ayyari 5

1 Former Ph.D. Student, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

3 Professor, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran

4 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

5 Assistant Professor, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

In order to study the effect of N rate and plant density on grain yield and N use efficiency of blessed thistle, a field study ‎was carried out in a randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement of treatments in three replications‏ ‏at ‎Research Field of Tarbiat Modares University in 2013 and 2014 growing seasons.‎‏ ‏Treatments comprised of four pure N ‎rates (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N ha-1)‎‏ ‏from urea source and five plant densities (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 plants m-2).‎‏ ‏The main ‎effects of nitrogen and plant density were significant for grain yield, NUE, plant height, SPAD value, root to shoot weight ‎ratio and N content of grain. Increasing N rates increased grain yield, SPAD value, plant height and grain N, but agronomic ‎efficiency, N recovery and utilization were decreased by increasing of N rate; Higher densities resulted in decreased grain ‎yield and chlorophyll index, while improved NUE throughout increment of root to shoot weight ratio and plant height‏.‏‎ ‎Novel findings of this study could be used for N management. ‎

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • ‎: Agronomic efficiency
  • Grain nitrogen percentage
  • Nitrogen recovery
  • Physiological efficiency
  • Plant height
  • Root to ‎shoot weight ratio
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