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تاثیر قارچ تریکودرما (جدایه 65) بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی گل مریم تحت تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم باغبانی و مهندسی فضای سبز، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه علوم باغبانی و مهندسی فضای سبز، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

3 استاد، گروه گیاه پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

4 استادیار، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران

5 دانشیار، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثر سطوح مختلف قارچ تریکودرما بر برخی صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک، گلدهی و بیوشیمیایی گیاه گل مریم در شرایط تنش خشکی، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار در گلخانه‌های تحقیقاتی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در سال‌های 95 به‌انجام رسید. تیمارهای تنش خشکی شامل مقادیر 100، 50 و 25 درصد ظرفیت زراعی و تیمار قارچ T.harzianum 65 شامل سه سطح 20، 10 و صفر درصد قارچ در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان‌داد که تنش خشکی باعث افزایش مقادیر آنتی‌اکسیدان، کلروفیل‌کل و پرولین شد. از سوی دیگر تنش خشکی، تاثیر منفی و معنی داری بر مقدار وزن‌تر ریشه و زیست توده، وزن خشک ریشه و زیست‌توده، محتوای رطوبت نسبی برگ، قطر گلچه و تعداد گلچه بازشده داشت اما قارچ تریکودرما توانست این اثرات منفی تنش خشکی را تعدیل‌نماید. بیشترین مقدار کلروفیل کل و رطوبت نسبی آب برگ به ترتیب با مقدار 04/1 میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن‌تر برگ و 2/85 درصد در نمونه 10 قارچ به‌دست‌آمد که اختلاف معنی داری با سطح 20 درصد قارچ نداشت. در سایر صفات بیشترین مقادیر مربوط به سطح 20 درصد قارچ بوده-است. از آنجا که قارچ تریکودرما ضمن کاهش اثرات تنش خشکی، باعث افزایش رشد رویشی و افزایش تعداد گلچه بازشده (بعنوان عامل مهم در بازارپسندی) گل مریم شده‌است، می‌توان به عنوان عامل بیولوژیک در افزایش کیفیت گل مریم در شرایط مشابه پیشنهاد نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Trichoderma (65 fungus) on morphological and biochemical traits of tuberose under drought stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • hamidreza zekavati 1
  • Mahmoud Shoor 2
  • Hamid Rouhani 3
  • seyyed fazel fazeli kakhki 4
  • Ebrahim Ganji Moghadam 5

1 Ph. D. Candidate, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.

3 Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.

4 Assitant Professor, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Mashhad, Iran.

5 Associate Professor, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Mashhad, Iran.

چکیده [English]

In order to investigate the effect of different levels of Trichoderma fungus on some morpho-physiological, flowering and biochemical traits of tuberose flower under drought stress conditions, an experiment was conducted in a factorial based on completely randomized design with three replications in Research Greenhouses of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2016. Drought stress treatments included irrigation at 100, 50 and 25% of field capacity and fungal treatments included three levels of 20, 10 and 0% of fungus. The results showed that drought stress increased the amount of antioxidant, total chlorophyll and proline. In addition to drough stress, had a negative significant effect on fresh and dry weights of root and biomass, relative water content of leaves, floret diameter and number of open floret, but Trichoderma largely moderated these negative effects. The highest amounts of total chlorophyll (1.04 mg/g leaf fresh weight) and relative humidity of leaf water (85.2%) were obtained at 10% level of fungus, which did not show a significant difference from those at 20% level of fungus. In the rest of the traits, the highest levels were found at 20% level of fungus. Since the Trichoderma fungus, besides reducing the effects of drought stress, increases vegetative growth and increases the number of open florets (which is considered as an important factor in the marketability) of tuberose flower, use of it can be suggested as a biological factor in increasing the quality of tuberose flower in similar conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Drought stress
  • Morpho-physiological
  • Number of florets
  • Trichoderma fungus
  • Tuberose flower
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به زراعی کشاورزی
دوره 21، شماره 1
فروردین 1398
صفحه 61-73
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هم رسانی
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