نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه زراعت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد شیروان، شیروان، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه زراعت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد شیروان، شیروان، ایران.

چکیده

به منظور تعیین بهترین زمان کاربرد و مقدار محلولپاشی گلایسینبتائین در بهبود عملکرد گوجهفرنگی در شرایط تنش خشکی، آزمایشی در سال 1395 به صورت اسپلیت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار انجام گرفت. عامل اصلی دور آبیاری در دو سطح 6 و 12روزه و عوامل فرعی شامل دو عامل زمان مصرف (در سه سطح کاشت، گلدهی و میوهدهی) و مقدار مصرف گلایسینبتائین (صفر، 3 و 6 کیلوگرم در هکتار) بود. شاخصهای محتواینسبی آب برگ، سطح برگ، شاخص‌کلروفیل و نشت الکترولیت نشان از کارآیی گلایسینبتائین در شرایط تنش داشت. وزن میوه‌ها با کاربرد گلایسین‌بتائین در شرایط عاری از تنش کاهش یافت و مقدار کاهش وزن میوه بین تیمارهای 3 و 6 کیلوگرم در هکتار اختلاف معنی‌داری نداشت. در شرایط تنش، مصرف سه کیلوگرم‌درهکتار گلایسین‌بتائین در زمان‌های کاشت، گلدهی و میوه‌دهی، به ترتیب منجر به افزایش 33، 40 و 60 درصدی وزن میوه نسبت به میانگین تیمارهای بدون مصرف گلایسین‌بتائین شد. هر چند در این آزمایش اثرات مثبت مصرف سه کیلوگرم در هکتار گلایسین‌بتائین در زمان گلدهی بر عملکرد، در شرایط تنش مشهود بود (62% افزایش)، به نظر می رسد مصرف این اسید‌آمینه در شرایط عاری از تنش بر عملکرد گوجه‌فرنگی اثرات سمیت داشته باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of exogenous application of Glycine Betaine on physiological traits and tomato yield in drought condition

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maryam Tatari 1
  • Reza Abbasi alikamar 2

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Shirvan Branch, Shirvan, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Shirvan Branch, Shirvan, Iran.

چکیده [English]

In order to determine the best time and amount of Glycine Betaine (GB) in increasing tomato yield in drought stress condition, an experiment was carried out in Split Plots on RCBD design with four replications, during 2016. The experimental factors included main factor (irrigation period in 6 and 12 days) and sub factors including time (in 3 levels including sowing, flowering and fruit set) and amount (in 3 levels including 0, 3 and 6 kgha-1) of GB application. The results from RWC, leaf area and electrolyte leakage showed the efficiency of GB application in stress condition. Using GB in non-stress condition led to decrease in fruit weight and no significant difference was observed between 3 and 6 kgha-1 dosages. In stress condition, 3 kgha-1 GB application in sowing, flowering and fruit set stage increased fruit weight by 33%, 40% and 60% respectively compare to average fruit weight of control treatments. Although the positives effect of 3 kgha-1 GB at flowering time on fruit yield was obvious (62% higher) in this study, it seems that the application of this amino acid in non-stress conditions had some toxic effects on tomato fruit yield.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Amino acid
  • electrolyte leakage
  • Leaf area
  • relative water content
  • Toxic Effect
Abdalla, M. M. & El-Khoshiban, N. (2007). The influence of water stress on growth, relative water content, photosynthetic pigments, some metabolic and hormonal contents of two Triticium aestivum cultivars. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 3(12), 2062-2074.
Ahmad, R., Kim, M. D., Back, K.-H., Kim, H.-S., Lee, H.-S., Kwon, S.-Y. & Kwak, S.-S. (2008). Stress-induced expression of choline oxidase in potato plant chloroplasts confers enhanced tolerance to oxidative, salt, and drought stresses. Plant Cell Reports, 27(4), 687-698.
Ahmadi, E. & Baker, A. (2000). Stomat and non-stomat photosynthis limiting factor under drought stress. Iranian Journal of Agriculture Research, 31, 813-825.
Ashraf, M. & Foolad, M. (2007). Roles of glycine betaine and proline in improving plant abiotic stress resistance. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 59(2), 206-216.
Barrs, H. & Weatherley, P. (1962). A re-examination of the relative turgidity technique for estimating water deficits in leaves. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences, 15(3), 413-428.
Cerdán, M., Sánchez-Sánchez, A., Oliver, M., Juárez, M. & Sánchez-Andreu, J. (2008). Effect of foliar and root applications of amino acids on iron uptake by tomato plants. Paper presented at the IV Balkan Symposium on Vegetables and Potatoes 830.
Chen, T. H. & Murata, N. (2008). Glycinebetaine: an effective protectant against abiotic stress in plants. Trends in Plant Science, 13(9), 499-505.
Foolad, M., Subbiah, P., Kramer, C., Hargrave, G. & Lin, G. (2003). Genetic relationships among cold, salt and drought tolerance during seed germination in an interspecific cross of tomato. Euphytica, 130(2), 199-206.
Garcia, A., Marcelis, L., Garcia-Sanchez, F., Nicolas, N. & Martínez, V. (2007). Moderate water stress affects tomato leaf water relations in dependence on the nitrogen supply. Biologia Plantarum, 51(4), 707-712.
Hsieh, T.-H., Lee, J.-t., Charng, Y.-y. & Chan, M.-T. (2002). Tomato plants ectopically expressing Arabidopsis CBF1 show enhanced resistance to water deficit stress. Plant Physiology, 130(2), 618-626.
Ierna, A. & Mauromicale, G. (2006). Physiological and growth response to moderate water deficit of off-season potatoes in a Mediterranean environment. Agricultural Water Management, 82(1-2), 193-209.
Jokinen, K., Somersalo, S., Mäkelä, P., Urbano, P., Rojo, C., González, J., ... Moya, M. (1998). Glycinebetaine from sugar beet enhances the yield of ‘field-grown’tomatoes. Paper presented at the VI International Symposium on Processing Tomato & Workshop on Irrigation & Fertigation of Processing Tomato 487.
Kurepin, L. V., Ivanov, A. G., Zaman, M., Pharis, R. P., Allakhverdiev, S. I., Hurry, V. & Hüner, N. P. (2015). Stress-related hormones and glycinebetaine interplay in protection of photosynthesis under abiotic stress conditions. Photosynthesis Research, 126(2), 221-235.
Mahmoudnia, M. M., Farsi, M., Marashi, S. & Ebadi, P. (2013). Physiological response to drought stress in four species of tomato. Journal of Horticultural Science, 26(4), 7.
Mäkelä, P., Jokinen, K., Kontturi, M., Peltonen-Sainio, P., Pehu, E. & Somersalo, S. (1998a). Foliar application of glycinebetaine—a novel product from sugar beet—as an approach to increase tomato yield. Industrial Crops and Products, 7(2-3), 139-148.
Mäkelä, P., Munns, R., Colmer, T., Condon, A. & Peltonen-Sainio, P. (1998b). Effect of foliar applications of glycinebetaine on stomatal conductance, abscisic acid and solute concentrations in leaves of salt-or drought-stressed tomato. Functional Plant Biology, 25(6), 655-663.
Mäkelä, P., Peltonen-Sainio, P., Jokinen, K., Pehu, E., Setälä, H., Hinkkanen, R. & Somersalo, S. (1996). Uptake and translocation of foliar-applied glycinebetaine in crop plants. Plant Science, 121(2), 221-230.
Makhdum, I. & Shababuddin, M. (2006). Effect of different doses of glycine betaine and time of spray application on yield of cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.). Journal of Research (Science), 17(4), 241-245.
Nouri, A., Nezami, A., Kafi, M. & Hassanpanah, D. (2016). Evaluation of water deficit tolerance of 10 potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars based on some physiological traits and tuber yield in Ardabil region. . Journal of Crop Ecophysiology, 10(1), 234-268.
Osakabe, Y., Osakabe, K., Shinozaki, K. & Tran, L.-S. P. (2014). Response of plants to water stress. Frontiers in Plant Science, 5, 86.
Park, E.-J., Jeknic, Z. & Chen, T. H. (2006). Exogenous application of glycinebetaine increases chilling tolerance in tomato plants. Plant and Cell Physiology, 47(6), 706-714.
Park, E.-J., Jeknić, Z., Sakamoto, A., DeNoma, J., Yuwansiri, R., Murata, N. & Chen, T. H. H. (2004). Genetic engineering of glycinebetaine synthesis in tomato protects seeds, plants, and flowers from chilling damage. The Plant Journal, 40(4), 474-487. doi:10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02237.x
Park, E. J., Jeknić, Z., Chen, T. H. & Murata, N. (2007). The codA transgene for glycinebetaine synthesis increases the size of flowers and fruits in tomato. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 5(3), 422-430.
PARK, E. J., JEKNIĆ, Z., PINO, M. T., Murata, N. & CHEN, T. H. H. (2007). Glycinebetaine accumulation is more effective in chloroplasts than in the cytosol for protecting transgenic tomato plants against abiotic stress. Plant, Cell & Environment, 30(8), 994-1005.
Quan, R., Shang, M., Zhang, H., Zhao, Y. & Zhang, J. (2004). Engineering of enhanced glycine betaine synthesis improves drought tolerance in maize. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 2(6), 477-486.
Rontein, D., Basset, G. & Hanson, A. D. (2002). Metabolic engineering of osmoprotectant accumulation in plants. Metabolic Engineering, 4(1), 49-56.
Sairam, R. & Srivastava, G. (2001). Water stress tolerance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): variations in hydrogen peroxide accumulation and antioxidant activity in tolerant and susceptible genotypes. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 186(1), 63-70.
Sajjadinia, A., Ershadi, A., Hokmabadi, H., Khayyat, M. & Gholami, M. (2010). Gas exchange activities and relative water content at different fruit growth and developmental stages of on and off cultivated pistachio trees. Australian Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 178(1), 1-6.
Sakamoto, A. & Murata, N. (2002). The role of glycine betaine in the protection of plants from stress: clues from transgenic plants. Plant, Cell & Environment, 25(2), 163-171.
Sánchez-Rodríguez, E., Rubio-Wilhelmi, M. M., Cervilla, L. M., Blasco, B., Rios, J. J., Rosales, M. A., ... Ruiz, J. M. (2010). Genotypic differences in some physiological parameters symptomatic for oxidative stress under moderate drought in tomato plants. Plant Science, 178(1), 30-40.
Serraj, R. & Sinclair, T. (2002). Osmolyte accumulation: can it really help increase crop yield under drought conditions? Plant, Cell & Environment, 25(2), 333-341.
Subbarao, G., Levine, L. H., Stutte, G. W. & Wheeler, R. M. (2001). Glycinebetaine accumulation: its role in stress resistance in crops plants. Handbook of plant and crop physiology. Marcel Dekker, New York, 881-907.
Sulpice, R., Gibon, Y., Cornic, G. & Larher, F. R. (2002). Interaction between exogenous glycine betaine and the photorespiratory pathway in canola leaf discs. Physiologia Plantarum, 116(4), 460-467.
Sulpice, R., Tsukaya, H., Nonaka, H., Mustardy, L., Chen, T. H. & Murata, N. (2003). Enhanced formation of flowers in salt‐stressed Arabidopsis after genetic engineering of the synthesis of glycine betaine. The Plant Journal, 36(2), 165-176.
Teixeira, W. F., Fagan, E. B., Soares, L. H., Umburanas, R. C., Reichardt, K. & Neto, D. D. (2017). Foliar and seed application of amino acids affects the antioxidant metabolism of the soybean crop. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8, 327.
Xing, W. & Rajashekar, C. (1999). Alleviation of water stress in beans by exogenous glycine betaine. Plant Science, 148(2), 185-192.
Yancey, P. H. (2005). Organic osmolytes as compatible, metabolic and counteracting cytoprotectants in high osmolarity and other stresses. Journal of Experimental Biology, 208(15), 2819-2830.
Yang, X. & Lu, C. (2005). Photosynthesis is improved by exogenous glycinebetaine in salt‐stressed maize plants. Physiologia Plantarum, 124(3), 343-352.