نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

3 دانش آموخته دکتری، گروه علوم باغبانی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.

4 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثر تنش کم آبیاری بر رشد، عملکرد و شاخص‌های فیزیولوژیکی هندوانه ابوجهل، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. سطوح آبیاری شامل 100 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه و دو سطح کم آبیاری 70 و 50 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه بود. نتایج نشان داد که تنش کم‌آبیاری، رشد و عملکرد میوه را به طور معنی‌داری کاهش داد. کمترین سطح برگ، طول بوته، تعداد میوه و عملکرد در تیمار کم آبیاری 50 درصد حاصل شد. با افزایش تنش کم‌آبیاری، محتوای نسبی‌آب برگ و محتوای کلروفیل کاهش یافت. درصد نشت‌یونی، فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز و تجمع پرولین در پاسخ به افزایش تنش کم‌آبیاری به طور معنی‌داری افزایش یافت، ولی بین تیمار آبیاری 100 درصد و 70 درصد تفاوت معنی‌داری مشاهده نشد. در تیمار کم آبیاری 70 درصد، اگرچه عملکرد میوه 5/15 درصد کاهش یافت ولی در مصرف آب 30 درصد صرفه‌جویی شد و کارآیی مصرف آب 8/16 درصد افزایش یافت. بنابراین در شرایط کمبود آب آبیاری، توصیه می‌شود که گیاهان هندوانه ابوجهل با 70 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه آبیاری شود زیرا علاوه بر تولید عملکرد نسبتاً مشابه آبیاری 100 درصد، در مصرف آب صرفه‌جویی زیادی می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The evaluate of growth, yield and physiological responses of bitter apple (Citrullus colocynthis) under deficit irrigation stress condition

نویسندگان [English]

  • Jasem Parkhideh 1
  • Taher Barzegar 2
  • Fattemeh Nekonam 3
  • Jafar Nikbakht 4

1 M.Sc. Student, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.

3 Former Ph. D. Student, Department of Horticultural Science, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.

4 Associate Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.

چکیده [English]

To evaluate the effect of deficit irrigation stress on growth, yield and physiological traits of bitter apple (Citrullus colocynthis), the experiment was conducted with three replications. Irrigation levels were 100% ETc and two deficit irrigation 70% and 50% ETc. The results showed that deficit irrigation stress significantly reduced growth and fruit yield. The lowest leaf area, plant length, fruit number per plant and fruit yield was obtained in deficit irrigation 50% ETc. Relative water content and chlorophyll content significantly decreased in response to increase in deficit irrigation stress. The increase in deficit irrigation stress resulted in higher peroxidase activity, electrolyte leakage and proline accumulation, although there was no significant difference between irrigation 100 and 70% ETc. Deficit irrigation 70% ETc saved 30% of irrigation water with a 15.5% reduction in fruit yield, so caused 16.8% increase in water use efficiency. Therefore, under limited irrigation water, it is recommended to irrigate bitter apple plants at 70% ETc irrigation to produce not only the same yields, approximately, but also to save more of water as compared to 100% ETc treatment.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • fruit yield
  • Leaf area
  • proline
  • Stomata conductance
  • Water use efficiency
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