نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، خوزستان، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار، مؤسسة اصلاح و تهیة نهال و بذر کرج، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

4 استاد، گروه زراعت، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

چکیده

این پژوهش به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر تیمارهای مختلف حاصلخیزی خاک بر عملکرد و صفات کیفی آفتابگردان (Helianthus annus L.) رقم آذرگل، تحت رژیم‌های متفاوت آبیاری، در سال‌های 1391 و 1392 در مزرعۀ پژوهشی دانشکدۀ کشاورزی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی و در سه تکرار اجرا شد. سه رژیم آبیاری شامل آبیاری پس از مصرف 30، 50 و 70 درصد رطوبت قابل استفاده در عمق توسعة ریشه، به‏عنوان عامل اصلی و هشت تیمار کودی شامل تأمین کامل نیتروژن گیاه ازطریق کود شیمیایی اوره، کود شیمیایی اوره+کود دامی، زئوکمپوست ورمی‌کمپوست، زئوپونیکس، زئوکمپوست + ورمی‌کمپوست، زئوکمپوست + زئوپونیکس، ورمی‌کمپوست + زئوپونیکس، عامل فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج نشان داد که در شرایط آبیاری مطلوب (آبیاری پس از مصرف 30 درصد رطوبت قابل استفاده) بیشینة عملکرد دانه به‌عنوان مهم‌ترین صفت بررسی‌شده از تیمارهای آلی ترکیبی به‏دست آمد. در شرایط تنش کم‌آبی (آبیاری پس از مصرف 50 و 70 درصد رطوبت قابل استفاده) تیمارهای آلی دارای زئولیت بیشتر (زئوکمپوست، زئوپونیکس و زئوکمپوست + زئوپونیکس) عملکرد دانة بهتری را حاصل کردند. در شرایط تنش کم‌آبی شدید (آبیاری پس از مصرف 70 درصد رطوبت قابل استفاده) تیمارهای آلی دارای زئولیت بیشتر شامل زئوکمپوست، زئوپونیکس و زئوکمپوست + زئوپونیکس در مقایسه با تیمار شیمیایی به‌ترتیب درصد روغن را 8، 9 و 13 درصد در سال نخست 13، 10 و 12 درصد در سال دوم افزایش دادند. کاربرد تیمارهای کود آلی با افزایش میزان اسیدهای چرب لینولئیک و اولئیک دانه سبب افزایش کیفیت روغن دانة آفتابگردان شد. یافته‌های این پژوهش نشان داد که با کاربرد ترکیبی کودهای آلی فرآوری‌ شده مانند ورمی‌کمپوست، زئوکمپوست و زئوپونیکس در زراعت آفتابگردان علاوه بر تولید محصولی سالم با عملکردی قابل قبول، می‌توان مصرف کودهای شیمیایی را نیز کاهش داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of fertilizer treatments and irrigation regimes on seed yield and seed quality characteristics of sunflower

نویسندگان [English]

  • Aydin Khodaei-Joghan 1
  • Majid Agha-Alikhani 2
  • Majid Gholamhoseini 3
  • Reza Ataei 3
  • Ali Sorooshzadeh 2
  • Amir Ghalavand 4

1 Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Khozestan

2 Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

3 Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran

4 Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

The current study was conducted to investigate the effects of different soil fertility treatments on qualitative and quantitative yield of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) under different irrigation regimes. The experiment was conducted in Tarbiat Modares University research field at 2012 and 2013 growing season. Treatments were arranged as split plots based on a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Irrigation regimes, (irrigation after consuming 30% (I1), irrigation after consuming 50% (I2) and irrigation after consuming 70% (I3) of available soil moisture) were randomly assigned to the main plots and the subplots were eight different fertilizer types (providing 100% of plant nitrogen requirement from urea as chemical fertilizer (F1), combination of chemical fertilizer and cattle manure (F2), zeocompost (F3), vermicompost (F4), zeoponix (F5), combination of zeocompost and vermicompost (F6) combination of zeocompost and zeoponix (F7), combination of vermicompost and zeoponix (F8)). The results indicated that the maximum seed yield was obtained in normal irrigation treatment (irrigation after consuming 30% of available soil moisture). Under water deficit stress conditions (irrigation after consuming 50 and 70% of available soil moisture), organic treatments amended with more zeolite (zeocompost, zeoponix and zeocompost + zeoponix) improved seed yield. Under severe water deficit stress condition (I3), zeolite-amended organic treatments (zeocompost, zeoponix and zeocompost + zeoponix) increased seed oil percentage by 8, 9 and 13 percent in the first year and by 13, 10 and 12 percent in the second year of the experiment in comparison with chemical treatment (F1). In addition, organic treatments improved oil quality through increasing linoleic and oleic acid percentage. Overall, the results suggest that combined application of processed organic fertilizers such as vermicompost, zeocompost and zeoponix not only increases sunflower seed yield and oil quality but also reduces chemical fertilizers need in sunflower production.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • nitrogen
  • vermicompost
  • water deficit stress
  • zeocompost
  • zeoponix
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