نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

3 استادیار، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، پژوهشکدة مرکبات و میوه‌‌های نیمه گرمسیری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رامسر، ایران

4 استادیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

چکیده

اطلاع از نیاز دمایی درختان میوه، آثار مهمی در تولید و تعیین نواحی مناسب برای پرورش آن‌ها دارد. این پژوهش به روش قلمه‌های تک‌جوانه‌ای در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در پژوهشکدة مرکبات و میوه‌های نیمه‌گرمسیری در سال 95-1394 انجام شد. در این پژوهش نیاز سرمایی ارقام هایوارد، توموری و ژنوتیپ‌های طلایی نر و مادة کیوی، براساس مدل‌های ساعات سرمایی، یوتا و دینامیک و نیاز گرمایی به روش درجة ساعت رشد (GDH) بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که نیاز سرمایی جوانه‌های ژنوتیپ طلایی ماده و نر به‌ترتیب برابر با 480 و 585 ساعت سرما و برای ارقام هایوارد و توموری برابر با 692 ساعت سرما بود. مقدار نیاز گرمایی جوانة ارقام و ژنوتیپ‌ها از بین 2233 GDH در ژنوتیپ‌ طلایی ماده تا 4066 GDH در جوانه‌های رقم هایوارد متغیر بود. نیاز سرمایی برای حداکثر گل‌دهی رقم هایوارد برابر با 966 ساعت سرما بود، در حالی‌که در رقم توموری و ژنوتیپ‌های طلایی نر و ماده نیاز سرمایی برای شکفتن جوانه‌های رویشی و گل‌دهی یکسان بوده و به‌ترتیب 692، 585 و 480 ساعت سرما بود. با تداوم دریافت سرما در جوانه‌ها، نیاز‌ گرمایی برای شکفتن آن‌ها کاهش یافت و همبستگی منفی و معنا‌دار بین نیاز سرمایی و گرمایی برای شکفتن جوانه‌ها به‌دست آمد. با توجه به نیاز سرمایی کم ژنوتیپ‌های طلایی نر و ماده، به‌نظر می‌رسد که شرایط اقلیمی در پراکندگی منطقة کشت آنها محدود‌کننده نباشد. تصور می‌شود که مدل‌های یوتا و دینامیک برای ارزیابی نیاز سرمایی مناسب‌تر از مدل ساعتی باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment of chilling and heat requirements in some commercial cultivars and genotypes of kiwifruit in the west of Mazandaran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ebrahim Abedi 1
  • Vali Rabie 2
  • Malek Ghasemi 3
  • Farhang Razavi 4
  • Javad Fattahi 3

1 Ph.D. candidate in Physiology and Fruit breeding, Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.

2

3

4

چکیده [English]

Information about the temperature requirements in fruit trees has an important effect on productivity and determining suitable regions for their growing. This research was carried out using single node cuttings test in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Citrus and Subtropical Research Center in 2015-16. This study was conducted to determine the chilling requirements of Hayward and Tomuri cultivars and male and female golden genotypes using three chilling models (Chilling hours, Utah, Dynamic) and their heat requirements using growth degree hours (GHD) method. Results showed that the chilling requirements of female and male golden genotype buds were 480 and 585 chilling hours, respectively, and for Hayward and Tomuri cultivars were 692 chilling hours. The amount of buds heat requirements in the cultivar and genotype ranged from 2233 GHD in female golden genotype to 4066 GHD in Hayward cultivar. Hayward cultivar required 966 hours of chilling requirement for maximum flowering, meanwhile Tomuri, male and female golden genotype had a similar chilling for both vegetative bud break and flowering including 692, 585 and 480 hours, respectively. With continued sampling, heat requirements reduced and significant negative correlation was found between chilling and heat requirements for bud break. From low chilling requirements of male and female golden genotypes, we can deduce that climatic conditions may be not limiting factor in the leading of them in growing area. It is thought that Utah and dynamic models may be more suitable than hour model to evaluate of chilling requirements.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chilling models
  • chilling requirement index
  • Correlation
  • female golden
  • hayward
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