نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان، رشت - ایران

2 استاد گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت - ایران

3 دانشیار بخش فنی و مهندسی، موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، رشت - ایران

4 استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت - ایران

چکیده

بهمنظور ارزیابی صفات مورفولوژیک مرتبط با خوابیدگی بوتهو محتوای کربوهیدرات­های ساقه در ارقام بومی و اصلاح شده برنج، آزمایشی در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور (رشت) طی سال­های زراعی 1391 و 1392 اجرا شد. ژنوتیپ­های برنج شامل سه رقم بومی (‘هاشمی’، ‘علی­کاظمی’ و ‘سنگ جو’)، شش رقم اصلاح شده (‘خزر’، ‘سپیدرود’، ‘کادوس’، ‘گوهر’، ‘درفک’ و ‘دیلم’) و سه لاین امیدبخش (831، 841 و 416) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین مقاومت به شکستگی میانگره‌های سوم و چهارم مربوط به رقم اصلاح شده ‘خزر’ بود. به­علاوه همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌داری بین متوسط قطر میانگره، نسبت وزن به طول میانگره‌ها و محتوای کربوهیدرات­های غیرمحلول ساقه با مقاومت به شکستگی میانگره سوم و چهارم وجود داشت. همچنین، بین تعداد سلول­های پارانشیمی با محتوای کربوهیدرات­های غیرمحلول در دو مرحله گرده­افشانی و رسیدگی همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌داری مشاهده شد. از سوی دیگر، بین کارایی انتقال مجدد کربوهیدرات­ها با مقاومت به شکستگی میانگره همبستگی منفی و معنی­داری وجود داشت. نتایج تجزیه به عامل­ها، صفات را در دو گروه مجزا قرار داد. عامل اول به عنوان عامل مقاومت به خوابیدگی نامگذاری و 01/71 درصد از کل واریانس داده­ها را شامل شد. عامل دوم با دارا بودن 74/19 درصد از کل واریانس داده­ها به عنوان عامل مورفولوژیک حساسیت به خوابیدگی نامگذاری شد. براساس نتایج تحقیق حاضر، به نظر می­رسد که قطر متوسط میانگره، ضخامت میانگره و نسبت وزن به طول میانگره­های سوم و چهارم و همچنین خصوصیات شیمیایی ساقه نقش اصلی در مقاومت به خوابیدگی بوته برنج ایفا می­کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation the effect of morphological and physiological characteristics of stem on lodging in 12 genotypes of rice

نویسندگان [English]

  • Farnaz Faraji 1
  • Masoud Esfahani 2
  • Mohammad Reza Alizadeh 3
  • Ali Alami 4

1 Ph.D. Student in Agronomy, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht - Iran

2 Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht - Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Engieering, Rice Research Institute of Iran, Rasht - Iran

4 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht - Iran

چکیده [English]

In order to evaluate the morphological characteristics and lodging related traits and carbohydrate content of culm and carbohydrate remobilization in traditional and improved rice cultivars, a field experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications at Rice Research Institute of Iran )Rasht( in 2012 and 2013. Rice genotypes included three native rice cultivars (Hashemi, Sang­jo and Alikazemi) and six improved (Kadous, Gohar, Khazar, Sepidrood, Deylam and Dorfak) and three promising lines (831, 841 and 416). On the basis of this results, the greatest amount of breaking resistance were observed in third and fourth internods of Khazar. Furthermore, significant positive correlation were observed between average diameter of internode, fresh weight/length of internode and unsoluble carbohydrate content of culm in anthesis and maturity stages with breaking resistance of third and forth internods. Also, significant positive correlation was observed between number of parenchyma cells and unsoluble carbohydrate content of culm in anthesis and maturity stages. On the other hand, there was significant negative correlation between carbohydrate remobilization and breaking resistance of third and forth internods. Principal component analysis classified plant characteristics to two groups. The first factor was named as lodgigng resistance factor and included 71.01 percent of total variation. The second factor with 19.74 percent of total variation was named as morphological lodging sensitivity factor. According to the results of this experiment, it seems that average diameter, thikness and weight/length of internode, have major roles in rice plant resistance to lodging.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Carbohydrate
  • Lodging
  • remobilization
  • rice
  • Sink strength index
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